As soon as the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)was founded by the new government of the People’s Republic of China in 1949,the principles of“linking theory with practice”and“conducting research to serve the people...As soon as the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)was founded by the new government of the People’s Republic of China in 1949,the principles of“linking theory with practice”and“conducting research to serve the people”set the framework for its scientific studies.How to balance their obligations to facilitate national economic construction with their desires to advance disciplinary scientific developments posed a knotty problem that frustrated those who organized and engaged in scientific research across the country,and in the CAS in particular.Against this background,the slogan“let tasks lead disciplines”was proposed as an effective solution.However,how exactly to put this into practice became a pressing issue,as CAS scientists and scholars debated the relationship between tasks and advances within scientific disciplines.This paper examines these debates as they were carried out in the case of the comprehensive surveys of natural resources organized by the CAS,focusing especially on different understandings of the relationship between“tasks”and“disciplines”within the CAS in the early 1960s,and examining the impact and legacy of“letting tasks lead disciplinary developments,”with possible lessons for the formulation of scientific plans today.展开更多
Utilization of urban underground space has become a vital approach to alleviate the strain on urban land resources,and to optimize the structure and pattem of the city.It is also very important to improve the city env...Utilization of urban underground space has become a vital approach to alleviate the strain on urban land resources,and to optimize the structure and pattem of the city.It is also very important to improve the city environment,build livable city and increase the capacity of the city.Based on the analysis of existing evaluation methods and their problems,a method for evaluating underground space resources based on a negative list of adverse factors affecting underground space development is proposed,to be primarily used in urban planning stages.A list of the adverse factors is established,including limiting factors,constraining factors and influencing factors.Taking Xi'an as an example,using a geographical information system platform,a negative list of adverse factors for the underground space resources in Xi'an City are evaluated,and preventive measures are proposed.Natural resources,exploitable resources,and the potential growth of exploitable underground space resources are evaluated.Underground space assessment in the different development stages of the city,collaborative utilization and safety evaluation for multiple subsurface resources,environmental impact and assessment,as well as evaluation methods based on big data and intelligent optimization algorithms are all discussed with the aim of serving city planning and construction.展开更多
【研究目的】全球变暖是当今国际社会共同面临的严峻挑战,碳中和与绿色低碳转型作为应对这一挑战的必由之路,已在全球形成共识。地球系统科学为碳中和目标的实现提供了重要的地学解决方案,中国西北地质调查如何在碳中和战略中找到主攻...【研究目的】全球变暖是当今国际社会共同面临的严峻挑战,碳中和与绿色低碳转型作为应对这一挑战的必由之路,已在全球形成共识。地球系统科学为碳中和目标的实现提供了重要的地学解决方案,中国西北地质调查如何在碳中和战略中找到主攻方向和工作方法是亟需解决的问题。【研究方法】本文综述了地质工作在碳中和进程中的主要工作方法,统计分析了中国西北在碳中和减排和增汇两大基本途径上的资源优势,提出了碳中和背景下中国西北地质调查服务绿色低碳转型发展的建议。【研究结果】中国西北地区拥有丰富的天然气、地热能等清洁能源,以及与新能源相关的关键矿产等资源优势:天然气地质资源量约为313991×10^(8)m^(3),占全国的34.78%;地热能分布广泛、类型丰富,其中青海共和盆地静态干热岩资源总量达8974.74×10^(18)J;锂、钴、镍和铀矿等清洁能源相关的关键矿产资源均居全国前列,锂矿储量约占全国总储量的60%,钴矿储量约占全国总储量的40%,新疆是中国最大的铀矿生产基地。而且,西北地区生态类型和地表基质层类型丰富,碳库现存量和增汇潜力巨大,同时拥有大量适宜碳捕集、利用与封存(Carbon Capture,Utilization and Storage,CCUS)选址和地质储能的优质空间,是中国通过增汇实现碳中和目标的重要节点。【结论】中国西北地区可为碳减排、碳增汇路径提供有效资源支撑,西北地质调查工作应立足实际,发挥专业优势,在推进天然气资源调查、攻关地热资源开发技术、加强关键矿产全生命周期研究、试点地表基质层与生态地质综合调查、开展CCUS相关的地下空间调查,以及建设碳中和相关的地球系统科学数据库六个方面持续发力,为实现碳中和目标提供重要的地质解决方案,做出应有的贡献。展开更多
文摘As soon as the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)was founded by the new government of the People’s Republic of China in 1949,the principles of“linking theory with practice”and“conducting research to serve the people”set the framework for its scientific studies.How to balance their obligations to facilitate national economic construction with their desires to advance disciplinary scientific developments posed a knotty problem that frustrated those who organized and engaged in scientific research across the country,and in the CAS in particular.Against this background,the slogan“let tasks lead disciplines”was proposed as an effective solution.However,how exactly to put this into practice became a pressing issue,as CAS scientists and scholars debated the relationship between tasks and advances within scientific disciplines.This paper examines these debates as they were carried out in the case of the comprehensive surveys of natural resources organized by the CAS,focusing especially on different understandings of the relationship between“tasks”and“disciplines”within the CAS in the early 1960s,and examining the impact and legacy of“letting tasks lead disciplinary developments,”with possible lessons for the formulation of scientific plans today.
基金This research is supported by National Key Research and Development Project,Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China(2018YFC1504700).
文摘Utilization of urban underground space has become a vital approach to alleviate the strain on urban land resources,and to optimize the structure and pattem of the city.It is also very important to improve the city environment,build livable city and increase the capacity of the city.Based on the analysis of existing evaluation methods and their problems,a method for evaluating underground space resources based on a negative list of adverse factors affecting underground space development is proposed,to be primarily used in urban planning stages.A list of the adverse factors is established,including limiting factors,constraining factors and influencing factors.Taking Xi'an as an example,using a geographical information system platform,a negative list of adverse factors for the underground space resources in Xi'an City are evaluated,and preventive measures are proposed.Natural resources,exploitable resources,and the potential growth of exploitable underground space resources are evaluated.Underground space assessment in the different development stages of the city,collaborative utilization and safety evaluation for multiple subsurface resources,environmental impact and assessment,as well as evaluation methods based on big data and intelligent optimization algorithms are all discussed with the aim of serving city planning and construction.
文摘【研究目的】全球变暖是当今国际社会共同面临的严峻挑战,碳中和与绿色低碳转型作为应对这一挑战的必由之路,已在全球形成共识。地球系统科学为碳中和目标的实现提供了重要的地学解决方案,中国西北地质调查如何在碳中和战略中找到主攻方向和工作方法是亟需解决的问题。【研究方法】本文综述了地质工作在碳中和进程中的主要工作方法,统计分析了中国西北在碳中和减排和增汇两大基本途径上的资源优势,提出了碳中和背景下中国西北地质调查服务绿色低碳转型发展的建议。【研究结果】中国西北地区拥有丰富的天然气、地热能等清洁能源,以及与新能源相关的关键矿产等资源优势:天然气地质资源量约为313991×10^(8)m^(3),占全国的34.78%;地热能分布广泛、类型丰富,其中青海共和盆地静态干热岩资源总量达8974.74×10^(18)J;锂、钴、镍和铀矿等清洁能源相关的关键矿产资源均居全国前列,锂矿储量约占全国总储量的60%,钴矿储量约占全国总储量的40%,新疆是中国最大的铀矿生产基地。而且,西北地区生态类型和地表基质层类型丰富,碳库现存量和增汇潜力巨大,同时拥有大量适宜碳捕集、利用与封存(Carbon Capture,Utilization and Storage,CCUS)选址和地质储能的优质空间,是中国通过增汇实现碳中和目标的重要节点。【结论】中国西北地区可为碳减排、碳增汇路径提供有效资源支撑,西北地质调查工作应立足实际,发挥专业优势,在推进天然气资源调查、攻关地热资源开发技术、加强关键矿产全生命周期研究、试点地表基质层与生态地质综合调查、开展CCUS相关的地下空间调查,以及建设碳中和相关的地球系统科学数据库六个方面持续发力,为实现碳中和目标提供重要的地质解决方案,做出应有的贡献。
