Herbal extraction residues(HERs)cause serious environmental pollution and resource waste.In this study,a novel green route was designed for the comprehensive reutilization of all components in HERs,taking Magnolia off...Herbal extraction residues(HERs)cause serious environmental pollution and resource waste.In this study,a novel green route was designed for the comprehensive reutilization of all components in HERs,taking Magnolia officinalis residues(MOR)as an example.The reluctant structure of MOR was first destroyed by alkali pretreatment to release the functional ingredients(magnolol and honokiol)originally remaining in MOR and to make MOR more accessible for hydrolysis.A metal–organic frame material MIL-101(Cr)with a maximum absorption capacity of 255.64 mg g^(-1)was synthesized to absorb the released honokiol and magnolol from the pretreated MOR solutions,and 40 g L^(-1)reducing sugars were obtained with 81.8%enzymatic hydrolysis rate at 10%MOR solid loading.Finally,382 mg L-1β-amyrin was produced from MOR hydrolysates by an engineered yeast strain.In total,1 kg honokiol,8 kg magnolol,and 7.64 kg β-amyrin could produce from 1 ton MOR by this cleaner process with a total economic output of 170,700 RMB.展开更多
With the increase of steel production,the amount of steel slag piled up is on the rise.The article analyzes the current situation of blast furnace slag utilization,elaborates on the current treatment technology of bla...With the increase of steel production,the amount of steel slag piled up is on the rise.The article analyzes the current situation of blast furnace slag utilization,elaborates on the current treatment technology of blast furnace slag,and points out that in the future,the utilization of blast furnace slag will develop towards the direction of developing high value-added products,and the sensible heat recovery rate of blast furnace slag is expected to increase.Analyze the current application status and treatment process of converter slag.The comprehensive treat-ment technology of converter slag is limited by multiple factors,and it is proposed to control converter slag from the production source through"slag recycling".展开更多
Qaidam Basin in Qinghai Province has rich multiple complex resources with salt lakes as the core.These resources form a special condition for the development of green economy,having rare and particular nature.The
Estimating the residual heat of blast furnace slag flushing in China,classifying and introducing the current proposed methods of slag flushing waste heat utilization,and listing existing cases.In order to better save ...Estimating the residual heat of blast furnace slag flushing in China,classifying and introducing the current proposed methods of slag flushing waste heat utilization,and listing existing cases.In order to better save energy and water in the slag flushing process of blast furnaces,an ideal comprehensive cascade utilization system scheme for annual recovery of waste heat is proposed.Based on the measured waste heat data of a steel plant,design calculations are carried out to further analyze the economic feasibility of the new scheme and provide reference for its promotion and application.展开更多
Eucommia ulmoides Oliver is a native plant and valuable tonic Chinese medicine in China with a long history,great economic value and comprehensive development potential.Traditionally,the comprehensive utilization rate...Eucommia ulmoides Oliver is a native plant and valuable tonic Chinese medicine in China with a long history,great economic value and comprehensive development potential.Traditionally,the comprehensive utilization rate of E.ulmoides Oliv.is still very low,only bark has been used as medicine and other parts of Eucommia ulmoides Oliv.cannot be fully utilized,even the leaves have been well utilized in food products in Japan in the past decades.In order to improve the comprehensive utilization efficiency of E.ulmoides Oliv.,in this review,we summarized the varieties and contents of main active compounds,biological functions and pharmacological effects in different parts of E.ulmoides Oliv.The findings suggest that other parts of E.ulmoides Oliv.could replace the bark of E.ulmoides Oliv.to some extent besides of their respective applications.The unique and extensive physiological functions between different parts of E.ulmoides Oliv.indicate that the comprehensive utilization of E.ulmoides Oliv.has a wide space to develop,which is also an effective way to protect E.ulmoides Oliv.resources and improve its the utilization rate.展开更多
Based on practical situation of rare earth industrial chain,production process and rare earth materials that could produce solid wastes on batch were discussed.Formation cause,formation volume,composition analysis and...Based on practical situation of rare earth industrial chain,production process and rare earth materials that could produce solid wastes on batch were discussed.Formation cause,formation volume,composition analysis and comprehensive utilization of the solid wastes of rare earth hydrometallurgy slag,electrolysis slag,Fe-based rare earth permanent magnetic materials,Co-based rare earth permanent magnetic materials,rare earth hydrogen storage materials,rare earth polishing powders and rare earth catalysts were ...展开更多
The comprehensive use and efficient management of straw are significant for agriculture's green and low carbon transformation.This paper uses literature research and comparative analysis to systematically review t...The comprehensive use and efficient management of straw are significant for agriculture's green and low carbon transformation.This paper uses literature research and comparative analysis to systematically review the literature on comprehensive straw utilization and governance policy research in China over the past five years.The current literature has explored two major directions:regional and industrial policies and the main actors involved in the comprehensive use of straw.The research is complementary and fruitful concerning both micro and macro perspectives;however,the extant literature suffers from a lack of attention to straw intermediaries and enterprises and a lack of research across time.Therefore,this paper provides an outlook for future research.In the future,scholars should pay more attention to straw intermediaries and enterprises,conduct continuous observations of multiple regions over time to obtain panel data,and further test the heterogeneity of factors to obtain more scientific and valid results.展开更多
This paper briefly introduces resources characteristics and development advantages for Charhan salt lake;and elaborated the technology progress to increase potassium mining scale systematically,the impact of the
The project for treating MSW of 200 tons each day was built in Yibin, Sichuan Province of China. The disposal processes are: separation and selection of usable resources; compost and fermentation of “heavy” organic ...The project for treating MSW of 200 tons each day was built in Yibin, Sichuan Province of China. The disposal processes are: separation and selection of usable resources; compost and fermentation of “heavy” organic waste (kitchen, garden composting rubbish); incineration of “light” waste (plastic, paper, wood and bamboo etc.) and landfill of inorganic waste. The thermal energy generated in the process can be used as 1/3 of the whole energy for drying fertilizers. In the process, there is no wastewater drainage, and air emissions can be effectively controlled by a series of measures. The sanitary and environmental indicators of disposal site meet the national standards. This project has worked well for two years. It not only disposes of and reduces the MSW, but also retrieves the resource effectively. The organic fertilizer has been applied in the ten thousand acres of fields, with productivity increase by more than 10%.展开更多
The Dingbian Saline Lake groups are in Dingbian County,northwest of Shaanxi province,and located on the border area of the Loess Plateau and Maowusu Desert in Northern Shanxi.It’s altitude is more than 1300m.The
Based on studies of controlling NOx from nitric acid exhaust gas domestic and abroad, this paper has developed a new technique on removal of NOx and production of aby-product with high added value-MnO2. Experimentshow...Based on studies of controlling NOx from nitric acid exhaust gas domestic and abroad, this paper has developed a new technique on removal of NOx and production of aby-product with high added value-MnO2. Experimentshows, pyrolusite, whose valid composition is MnO2 , of absorbing NOx has the following characteristics: quick, low cost, no secondary pollutant. Moreover, exhaust gas can attain the required standards. If the temperature of the pyrolusite serum is 30℃ , pH = 4, containing 90 g/L MnO2, the absorptivity for 3 000 mg/m3 NOx is 89. 2%. Furthermore, few of the impurities in pyrolusite dissolve in the absorption mother solution. The purification cost of product is very low. The purity of end product MnO2 is more than 99. 995% after purifying. Therefore, it is workable for the new technique on economy and technology. There are also obvious environmental benefits and marked economic returns.展开更多
Summarizes the processes and development of Baosteel slag processing techniques such as the instantaneous slag chill (ISC) process, the tank-type hot disintegrating process and the rotary drum process. A detailed in...Summarizes the processes and development of Baosteel slag processing techniques such as the instantaneous slag chill (ISC) process, the tank-type hot disintegrating process and the rotary drum process. A detailed introduction of the slag comprehensive utilization at Baosteel is given. The details of Baosteel' s comprehensive utilization in the fields of simering materials, returned slag for steelmaking, road construction, cement production, mixed concrete, new construction materials, ground-filling materials and reinforced material for soft earth are given. Emphasis is placed on source management and ensuring that from both organizational and managerial perspectives, Baosteel' s slag processing techniques are safe and energy-saving, thus constantly demonstrating the issue of sustainable development.展开更多
The steel slag at Baosteel mainly comes from basic oxygen furnaces (BOF), electric arc furnaces (EAF), continuous casting and hot metal pretreatment. The output of the steel slag at Baosteel was 4.43 Mt in 2010. T...The steel slag at Baosteel mainly comes from basic oxygen furnaces (BOF), electric arc furnaces (EAF), continuous casting and hot metal pretreatment. The output of the steel slag at Baosteel was 4.43 Mt in 2010. The steel slag was utilized both within the company and across the society, and the utilization rate within the company achieved was 16%. This study describes the current status and existing problems in those technologies of treating and using steel slag ,in the aspects of primary treatment, secondary treatment and advanced treatment, and it points out the development' s direction.展开更多
Optimization of scrap utilization, through maintaining a reasonable heavy scrap ratio, determination of scrap yield, development of substitutes for scrap, recycling of high-alloy scrap and optimization of scrap utiliz...Optimization of scrap utilization, through maintaining a reasonable heavy scrap ratio, determination of scrap yield, development of substitutes for scrap, recycling of high-alloy scrap and optimization of scrap utilization technology, was investigated in this paper, in terms of the supply of metal materials, production cost, production quality and environment protection. Then, recycling of solid waste resources was discussed, and the utilization conditions and methods of slag-steel, slag-iron, steel-slag, etc. were determined. Finally, the management system for comprehensive resource utilization was introduced.展开更多
Jointly published by 14 Department headed by Standardization Administraion ofChina(SAC)
Subtitle: China will formulate and reformulate 926 standards for energy conservation and comprehensive utilization durin... Jointly published by 14 Department headed by Standardization Administraion ofChina(SAC)
Subtitle: China will formulate and reformulate 926 standards for energy conservation and comprehensive utilization during 2005 and 2007.……展开更多
To realize the resource utilization of the valuable metals in the titanium-containing blast furnace slag,the process route of “hydrochloric acid leaching-electrolysis-carbonization and carbon dioxide capture-preparat...To realize the resource utilization of the valuable metals in the titanium-containing blast furnace slag,the process route of “hydrochloric acid leaching-electrolysis-carbonization and carbon dioxide capture-preparation of calcium carbonate” was proposed.In this study,the influences of process conditions on the leaching rates of calcium,magnesium,aluminum,and iron and the phases of the leaching residue were investigated for the leaching process.The experimental results show that the HCl solution could selectively leach the elements from the titanium-containing blast furnace slag.The better leaching conditions are the HCl solution concentration of 4 mol/L,the leaching time of 30 min,the ratio of liquid volume to solid gas of 10 mL/g,and the stirring paddle speed of 300 r/min.Under the conditions,the leaching rates of calcium,magnesium,aluminum,and iron can reach 85.87%,73.41%,81.35%,and 59.08%,and the leaching rate of titanium is 10.71%.The iron and the aluminum are removed from the leachate to obtain iron-aluminum water purification agents,and the magnesium is removed from the leachate to obtain magnesium hydroxide.The leaching residue phase is dominated by perovskite,followed by magnesium silicate and tricalcium aluminate,and the titaniumrich material could be obtained from the leaching residue by desiliconization.展开更多
In order to advance pollution control and promote agricultural source pollution reduction of Jiangsu Province, based on the practical expe- rience of Lijia Livestock and Poultry Manure Processing Center in Wujin Distr...In order to advance pollution control and promote agricultural source pollution reduction of Jiangsu Province, based on the practical expe- rience of Lijia Livestock and Poultry Manure Processing Center in Wujin District, Changzhou City, Jiangsu Province, new ways of controlling small scattered livestock and poultry breeding pollution, with characteristics of " unified collection, centralized processing, social services, and compre- hensive utilization", were discussed through establishing the collection processing service system, innovating operation system and mechanism, and transforming the mode of government supervision and management.展开更多
Lithium production in China mainly depends on hard rock lithium ores,which has a defect in resources,environment,and economy compared with extracting lithium from brine.This paper focuses on the research progress of e...Lithium production in China mainly depends on hard rock lithium ores,which has a defect in resources,environment,and economy compared with extracting lithium from brine.This paper focuses on the research progress of extracting lithium from spodumene,lepidolite,petalite,and zinnwaldite by acid,alkali,salt roasting,and chlorination methods,and analyzes the resource intensity,environmental impact,and production cost of industrial lithium extraction from spodumene and lepidolite.It is found that the sulfuric acid method has a high lithium recovery rate,but with a complicated process and high energy consumption;alkali and chlorination methods can directly react with lithium ores,reducing energy consumption,but need to optimize reaction conditions and safety of equipment and operation;the salt roasting method has large material flux and high energy consumption,so require adjustment of sulfate ratio to increase the lithium yield and reduce production cost.Compared with extracting lithium from brine,extracting lithium from ores,calcination,roasting,purity,and other processes consume more resources and energy;and its environmental impact mainly comes from the pollutants discharged by fossil energy,9.3-60.4 times that of lithium extracted from brine.The processing cost of lithium extraction from lepidolite by sulfate roasting method is higher than that from spodumene by sulfuric acid due to the consumption of high-value sulfate.However,the production costs of both are mainly affected by the price of lithium ores,which is less competitive than that of extracting lithium from brine.Thus,the process of extracting lithium from ores should develop appropriate technology,shorten the process flow,save resources and energy,and increase the recovery rate of related elements to reduce environmental impact and improve the added value of by-products and the economy of the process.展开更多
Straw is a general term for the stem and leaf parts of mature crops,and is a multi-purpose renewable biomass energy resource in the agricultural ecosystem.The prospect of comprehensive utilization of straw has become ...Straw is a general term for the stem and leaf parts of mature crops,and is a multi-purpose renewable biomass energy resource in the agricultural ecosystem.The prospect of comprehensive utilization of straw has become broad with the development of agricultural production,the advancement of science and technology,and the improvement of the level of agricultural mechanization.The comprehensive utilization of straw plays an important role in enhancing the sustainable development ability of agricultural economy and improving the current situation of comprehensive utilization of agricultural resources in my country.This paper briefly combs the development history of straw and the prospect and current situation of comprehensive utilization,and expounds the separation technology of straw components,straw man-made panels,straw concrete,straw returning technology and oyster mushroom cultivation.It focuses on the description of the component separation technology of straw and the manufacturing process of straw-based panels.The different separation methods and separation effects of cellulose,hemicellulose and lignin were introduced in detail,and the static yield strength(MOR),internal bonding strength(IB)and water absorption thickness of several common straw-based panels were compared and studied(TS).Finally,it summarizes the benefit analysis of the comprehensive utilization of straw by scholars from the perspective of economics,and summarizes the corresponding measures based on their own views.展开更多
Carbon capture,utilization and storage(CCUS)technology is an important means to effectively reduce carbon emissions from fossil energy combustion and industrial processes.With the crisis of climate change,CCUS has att...Carbon capture,utilization and storage(CCUS)technology is an important means to effectively reduce carbon emissions from fossil energy combustion and industrial processes.With the crisis of climate change,CCUS has attracted increasing attention in the world.CCUS technology as developed rapidly in China is technically feasible for large-scale application in various industries.The R&D and demonstration of CCUS in China Petroleum&Chemical Corporation(Sinopec)are summarized,including carbon capture,carbon transport,CO_(2)enhanced energy recovery(including oil,gas,and water,etc.),and comprehensive utilization of CO_(2).Based on the source-sink matching characteristics in China,two CCUS industrialization scenarios are proposed,namely,CO_(2)-EOR,CO_(2)-driven enhanced oil recovery using centralized carbon sinks in East China and CO_(2)-EWR,CO_(2)-driven enhanced water recovery(EWR)using centralized carbon sources from the coal chemical industry in West China.Finally,a CCUS industrialization path from Sinopec's perspective is suggested,using CO_(2)-EOR as the major means and CO_(2)-EWR,CO_(2)-driven enhanced gas recovery(CO_(2)-EGR)and other utilization methods as important supplementary means.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Project(2019YFC1906601)China the Scientific and Technological Innovation Project of the Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences(C12021A04111)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Public Welfare Research Institutes(ZZ13-YQ-040).
文摘Herbal extraction residues(HERs)cause serious environmental pollution and resource waste.In this study,a novel green route was designed for the comprehensive reutilization of all components in HERs,taking Magnolia officinalis residues(MOR)as an example.The reluctant structure of MOR was first destroyed by alkali pretreatment to release the functional ingredients(magnolol and honokiol)originally remaining in MOR and to make MOR more accessible for hydrolysis.A metal–organic frame material MIL-101(Cr)with a maximum absorption capacity of 255.64 mg g^(-1)was synthesized to absorb the released honokiol and magnolol from the pretreated MOR solutions,and 40 g L^(-1)reducing sugars were obtained with 81.8%enzymatic hydrolysis rate at 10%MOR solid loading.Finally,382 mg L-1β-amyrin was produced from MOR hydrolysates by an engineered yeast strain.In total,1 kg honokiol,8 kg magnolol,and 7.64 kg β-amyrin could produce from 1 ton MOR by this cleaner process with a total economic output of 170,700 RMB.
文摘With the increase of steel production,the amount of steel slag piled up is on the rise.The article analyzes the current situation of blast furnace slag utilization,elaborates on the current treatment technology of blast furnace slag,and points out that in the future,the utilization of blast furnace slag will develop towards the direction of developing high value-added products,and the sensible heat recovery rate of blast furnace slag is expected to increase.Analyze the current application status and treatment process of converter slag.The comprehensive treat-ment technology of converter slag is limited by multiple factors,and it is proposed to control converter slag from the production source through"slag recycling".
文摘Qaidam Basin in Qinghai Province has rich multiple complex resources with salt lakes as the core.These resources form a special condition for the development of green economy,having rare and particular nature.The
文摘Estimating the residual heat of blast furnace slag flushing in China,classifying and introducing the current proposed methods of slag flushing waste heat utilization,and listing existing cases.In order to better save energy and water in the slag flushing process of blast furnaces,an ideal comprehensive cascade utilization system scheme for annual recovery of waste heat is proposed.Based on the measured waste heat data of a steel plant,design calculations are carried out to further analyze the economic feasibility of the new scheme and provide reference for its promotion and application.
基金the National Key Research and Development Plan,China(2016YFD0400203-4).
文摘Eucommia ulmoides Oliver is a native plant and valuable tonic Chinese medicine in China with a long history,great economic value and comprehensive development potential.Traditionally,the comprehensive utilization rate of E.ulmoides Oliv.is still very low,only bark has been used as medicine and other parts of Eucommia ulmoides Oliv.cannot be fully utilized,even the leaves have been well utilized in food products in Japan in the past decades.In order to improve the comprehensive utilization efficiency of E.ulmoides Oliv.,in this review,we summarized the varieties and contents of main active compounds,biological functions and pharmacological effects in different parts of E.ulmoides Oliv.The findings suggest that other parts of E.ulmoides Oliv.could replace the bark of E.ulmoides Oliv.to some extent besides of their respective applications.The unique and extensive physiological functions between different parts of E.ulmoides Oliv.indicate that the comprehensive utilization of E.ulmoides Oliv.has a wide space to develop,which is also an effective way to protect E.ulmoides Oliv.resources and improve its the utilization rate.
文摘Based on practical situation of rare earth industrial chain,production process and rare earth materials that could produce solid wastes on batch were discussed.Formation cause,formation volume,composition analysis and comprehensive utilization of the solid wastes of rare earth hydrometallurgy slag,electrolysis slag,Fe-based rare earth permanent magnetic materials,Co-based rare earth permanent magnetic materials,rare earth hydrogen storage materials,rare earth polishing powders and rare earth catalysts were ...
基金the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China[Grant number.72074183]the Humanities and Social Science Foundation of Chinese Ministry of Education[Grant number.20YJC630104]the National Social Science Foundation of China[Grant number.18ZDA052].
文摘The comprehensive use and efficient management of straw are significant for agriculture's green and low carbon transformation.This paper uses literature research and comparative analysis to systematically review the literature on comprehensive straw utilization and governance policy research in China over the past five years.The current literature has explored two major directions:regional and industrial policies and the main actors involved in the comprehensive use of straw.The research is complementary and fruitful concerning both micro and macro perspectives;however,the extant literature suffers from a lack of attention to straw intermediaries and enterprises and a lack of research across time.Therefore,this paper provides an outlook for future research.In the future,scholars should pay more attention to straw intermediaries and enterprises,conduct continuous observations of multiple regions over time to obtain panel data,and further test the heterogeneity of factors to obtain more scientific and valid results.
文摘This paper briefly introduces resources characteristics and development advantages for Charhan salt lake;and elaborated the technology progress to increase potassium mining scale systematically,the impact of the
文摘The project for treating MSW of 200 tons each day was built in Yibin, Sichuan Province of China. The disposal processes are: separation and selection of usable resources; compost and fermentation of “heavy” organic waste (kitchen, garden composting rubbish); incineration of “light” waste (plastic, paper, wood and bamboo etc.) and landfill of inorganic waste. The thermal energy generated in the process can be used as 1/3 of the whole energy for drying fertilizers. In the process, there is no wastewater drainage, and air emissions can be effectively controlled by a series of measures. The sanitary and environmental indicators of disposal site meet the national standards. This project has worked well for two years. It not only disposes of and reduces the MSW, but also retrieves the resource effectively. The organic fertilizer has been applied in the ten thousand acres of fields, with productivity increase by more than 10%.
文摘The Dingbian Saline Lake groups are in Dingbian County,northwest of Shaanxi province,and located on the border area of the Loess Plateau and Maowusu Desert in Northern Shanxi.It’s altitude is more than 1300m.The
基金Supported by the Key Research Program Fundation of the Education Bureau of Sichuan Province in China(1999127)
文摘Based on studies of controlling NOx from nitric acid exhaust gas domestic and abroad, this paper has developed a new technique on removal of NOx and production of aby-product with high added value-MnO2. Experimentshows, pyrolusite, whose valid composition is MnO2 , of absorbing NOx has the following characteristics: quick, low cost, no secondary pollutant. Moreover, exhaust gas can attain the required standards. If the temperature of the pyrolusite serum is 30℃ , pH = 4, containing 90 g/L MnO2, the absorptivity for 3 000 mg/m3 NOx is 89. 2%. Furthermore, few of the impurities in pyrolusite dissolve in the absorption mother solution. The purification cost of product is very low. The purity of end product MnO2 is more than 99. 995% after purifying. Therefore, it is workable for the new technique on economy and technology. There are also obvious environmental benefits and marked economic returns.
文摘Summarizes the processes and development of Baosteel slag processing techniques such as the instantaneous slag chill (ISC) process, the tank-type hot disintegrating process and the rotary drum process. A detailed introduction of the slag comprehensive utilization at Baosteel is given. The details of Baosteel' s comprehensive utilization in the fields of simering materials, returned slag for steelmaking, road construction, cement production, mixed concrete, new construction materials, ground-filling materials and reinforced material for soft earth are given. Emphasis is placed on source management and ensuring that from both organizational and managerial perspectives, Baosteel' s slag processing techniques are safe and energy-saving, thus constantly demonstrating the issue of sustainable development.
文摘The steel slag at Baosteel mainly comes from basic oxygen furnaces (BOF), electric arc furnaces (EAF), continuous casting and hot metal pretreatment. The output of the steel slag at Baosteel was 4.43 Mt in 2010. The steel slag was utilized both within the company and across the society, and the utilization rate within the company achieved was 16%. This study describes the current status and existing problems in those technologies of treating and using steel slag ,in the aspects of primary treatment, secondary treatment and advanced treatment, and it points out the development' s direction.
文摘Optimization of scrap utilization, through maintaining a reasonable heavy scrap ratio, determination of scrap yield, development of substitutes for scrap, recycling of high-alloy scrap and optimization of scrap utilization technology, was investigated in this paper, in terms of the supply of metal materials, production cost, production quality and environment protection. Then, recycling of solid waste resources was discussed, and the utilization conditions and methods of slag-steel, slag-iron, steel-slag, etc. were determined. Finally, the management system for comprehensive resource utilization was introduced.
文摘 Jointly published by 14 Department headed by Standardization Administraion ofChina(SAC)
Subtitle: China will formulate and reformulate 926 standards for energy conservation and comprehensive utilization during 2005 and 2007.……
基金Funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China Youth Fund(No.52204419)the Liaoning Provincial Natural Science Foundation(No.2022-BS-076)the Guangxi Science and Technology Major Project(No.2021AA12013)。
文摘To realize the resource utilization of the valuable metals in the titanium-containing blast furnace slag,the process route of “hydrochloric acid leaching-electrolysis-carbonization and carbon dioxide capture-preparation of calcium carbonate” was proposed.In this study,the influences of process conditions on the leaching rates of calcium,magnesium,aluminum,and iron and the phases of the leaching residue were investigated for the leaching process.The experimental results show that the HCl solution could selectively leach the elements from the titanium-containing blast furnace slag.The better leaching conditions are the HCl solution concentration of 4 mol/L,the leaching time of 30 min,the ratio of liquid volume to solid gas of 10 mL/g,and the stirring paddle speed of 300 r/min.Under the conditions,the leaching rates of calcium,magnesium,aluminum,and iron can reach 85.87%,73.41%,81.35%,and 59.08%,and the leaching rate of titanium is 10.71%.The iron and the aluminum are removed from the leachate to obtain iron-aluminum water purification agents,and the magnesium is removed from the leachate to obtain magnesium hydroxide.The leaching residue phase is dominated by perovskite,followed by magnesium silicate and tricalcium aluminate,and the titaniumrich material could be obtained from the leaching residue by desiliconization.
基金Supported by the Agricultural Self-renovation Foundation Project of Jiangsu Province,China(CX(14)2106)Three New Agricultural Projects of Jiangsu Province,China(SXGC[2015]291)
文摘In order to advance pollution control and promote agricultural source pollution reduction of Jiangsu Province, based on the practical expe- rience of Lijia Livestock and Poultry Manure Processing Center in Wujin District, Changzhou City, Jiangsu Province, new ways of controlling small scattered livestock and poultry breeding pollution, with characteristics of " unified collection, centralized processing, social services, and compre- hensive utilization", were discussed through establishing the collection processing service system, innovating operation system and mechanism, and transforming the mode of government supervision and management.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(71991484,41971265,72088101,and 71991480)the National Key R&D program of China(2021YFC2901801)。
文摘Lithium production in China mainly depends on hard rock lithium ores,which has a defect in resources,environment,and economy compared with extracting lithium from brine.This paper focuses on the research progress of extracting lithium from spodumene,lepidolite,petalite,and zinnwaldite by acid,alkali,salt roasting,and chlorination methods,and analyzes the resource intensity,environmental impact,and production cost of industrial lithium extraction from spodumene and lepidolite.It is found that the sulfuric acid method has a high lithium recovery rate,but with a complicated process and high energy consumption;alkali and chlorination methods can directly react with lithium ores,reducing energy consumption,but need to optimize reaction conditions and safety of equipment and operation;the salt roasting method has large material flux and high energy consumption,so require adjustment of sulfate ratio to increase the lithium yield and reduce production cost.Compared with extracting lithium from brine,extracting lithium from ores,calcination,roasting,purity,and other processes consume more resources and energy;and its environmental impact mainly comes from the pollutants discharged by fossil energy,9.3-60.4 times that of lithium extracted from brine.The processing cost of lithium extraction from lepidolite by sulfate roasting method is higher than that from spodumene by sulfuric acid due to the consumption of high-value sulfate.However,the production costs of both are mainly affected by the price of lithium ores,which is less competitive than that of extracting lithium from brine.Thus,the process of extracting lithium from ores should develop appropriate technology,shorten the process flow,save resources and energy,and increase the recovery rate of related elements to reduce environmental impact and improve the added value of by-products and the economy of the process.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51878354&51308301)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(Nos.BK20181402&BK20130978)Qinglan Project of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions.
文摘Straw is a general term for the stem and leaf parts of mature crops,and is a multi-purpose renewable biomass energy resource in the agricultural ecosystem.The prospect of comprehensive utilization of straw has become broad with the development of agricultural production,the advancement of science and technology,and the improvement of the level of agricultural mechanization.The comprehensive utilization of straw plays an important role in enhancing the sustainable development ability of agricultural economy and improving the current situation of comprehensive utilization of agricultural resources in my country.This paper briefly combs the development history of straw and the prospect and current situation of comprehensive utilization,and expounds the separation technology of straw components,straw man-made panels,straw concrete,straw returning technology and oyster mushroom cultivation.It focuses on the description of the component separation technology of straw and the manufacturing process of straw-based panels.The different separation methods and separation effects of cellulose,hemicellulose and lignin were introduced in detail,and the static yield strength(MOR),internal bonding strength(IB)and water absorption thickness of several common straw-based panels were compared and studied(TS).Finally,it summarizes the benefit analysis of the comprehensive utilization of straw by scholars from the perspective of economics,and summarizes the corresponding measures based on their own views.
文摘Carbon capture,utilization and storage(CCUS)technology is an important means to effectively reduce carbon emissions from fossil energy combustion and industrial processes.With the crisis of climate change,CCUS has attracted increasing attention in the world.CCUS technology as developed rapidly in China is technically feasible for large-scale application in various industries.The R&D and demonstration of CCUS in China Petroleum&Chemical Corporation(Sinopec)are summarized,including carbon capture,carbon transport,CO_(2)enhanced energy recovery(including oil,gas,and water,etc.),and comprehensive utilization of CO_(2).Based on the source-sink matching characteristics in China,two CCUS industrialization scenarios are proposed,namely,CO_(2)-EOR,CO_(2)-driven enhanced oil recovery using centralized carbon sinks in East China and CO_(2)-EWR,CO_(2)-driven enhanced water recovery(EWR)using centralized carbon sources from the coal chemical industry in West China.Finally,a CCUS industrialization path from Sinopec's perspective is suggested,using CO_(2)-EOR as the major means and CO_(2)-EWR,CO_(2)-driven enhanced gas recovery(CO_(2)-EGR)and other utilization methods as important supplementary means.