Low-Velocity Impact and Compression after Impact(CAI)Behaviors of Carbon-Aramid/Epoxy Hybrid Braided Composite Laminates

Low-velocity impact and in-plane axial compression after impact(CAI)behaviors of carbon-aramid/epoxy hybrid braided composite laminates were investigated experimentally.The following three different types of carbon-aramid/epoxy hybrid braided composite laminates were produced and tested:(a)inter-hybrid laminates,(b)sandwich-like inter-hybrid laminates,and(c)unsymmetric-hybrid laminates.At the same time,carbon/epoxy braided composite laminates were used for comparisons.Impact properties and impact resistance were studied.Internal damages and damage mechanisms of laminates were detected by ultrasonic C-scan and B-scan methods.The results show that the ductility index(DI)values of three kinds of hybrid laminates aforementioned are 37%,4%and 120%higher than those of carbon/epoxy laminates,respectively.The peak load of inter-hybrid laminates is higher than that of sandwich-like inter-hybrid laminates and unsymmetric-hybrid laminates.The average damage area and dent depths of inter-hybrid laminates are 64%and 69%smaller than those of carbon/epoxy laminates.Those results show that carbon-aramid/epoxy hybrid braided composite laminates could significantly improve the impact properties and toughness of non-hybrid braided composite laminates.

DAMAGE PROGRESSIVE MODEL OF COMPRESSION OFCOMPOSITE LAMINATES AFTER LOW VELOCITY IMPACT

Compressive properties of composite laminates after low velocity impact are one of the most serious circumstances that must be taken into account in damage tolerance design of composite structures. In order to investigate compressive properties of composite laminates after low velocity impact, three dimensional dynamic finite element method (FEM) was used to simulate low-velocity impact damage of 2 kinds of composite laminates firstly. Damage distributions and projective damage areas of the laminates were predicted under two impact energy levels. The analyzed damage after impact was considered to be the initial damage of the laminates under compressive loads. Then three dimensional static FEM was used to simulate the compressive failure process and to calculate residual compressive strengths of the impact damaged laminates. It is achieved to simulate the whole process from initial low-velocity impact damage to final compressive failure of composite laminates. Compared with experimental results, it shows that the numerical predicting results agree with the test results fairly well.

The Impact Compression Behaviors of Silica Nanoparticles—Epoxy Composites

The compressive properties of epoxy with different silica nanoparticles (SiO2 nanoparticles) contents at quasi-static and high strain rates loading were investigated via experiment. This article evaluates the compressive failure behaviors and modes at different SiO2 nanoparticles contents and different strain rates. The results indicated that the stress strain curves were sensitive to strain rate, and the compressive failure stress of composites with various SiO2 nanoparticles contents increased with the strain rates, and it increased along with SiO2 nanoparticles contents and then declined. The compressive failure stress and the compressive failure modes of the composites were apparently different from the change of SiO2 nanoparticles contents.

A Numerical Study on the Water Impact of the Rigid/Elastic Box-Like Structure

Recent damages to the box-like structures caused by wave slamming have made it necessary to study the impact problems of this kind of structure. This paper showed findings from numerical simulations of the rigid/elastic structures, aiming to gain insights into the characteristics of the problem. The results of the rigid cases showed the significance of air compressibility during the impact process, while the slamming phenomena became quite different without the effect. In the elastic cases, the trapped air made the structure vibrate at frequencies much smaller than its eigenfrequencies. Besides, the structural deformation made it easy for the trapped air to escape outwards, which weakened the air cushioning effect, especially at high impact velocities. The above analysis gives the results when the structural symmetry axis was vertical to the water(vertical impacts). In addition, the results were given when the axis was oblique to the water(oblique impacts). Compared with the vertical cases, the impact phenomena and structural response showed asymmetry. This work used the computational fluid dynamics(CFD) method to describe fluid motion and the finite element method(FEM) for the deformable structure. A two-way coupling approach was used to deal with the fluid-structure interaction in the elastic cases.

Drop weight impact analysis of GFRP tubes with hollow glass particle-filled matrix

Protecting occupants or payloads in crashes and blasts is of utmost importance in both moving and immobile structures.One way of achieving this is by using a sacrificial energy absorber.Composite tubes have been studied as potential energy absorbers due to their ability to fail progressively under axial compression.In this study,the energy absorption capability of these tubes is enhanced by adding hollow glass particles to the matrix.Drop-weight tests are performed on composite tubes,and a digital image correlation(DIC)-based technique is used to capture their load-displacement behaviour.This eliminates the use of electronic data acquisition systems,load cells,and accelerometers.The load-displacement curves of the tubes are obtained from the DIC-based technique and examined to understand their crushing behaviour.Although the mean crush load shows a drop,an increase in crush length is noticed.The specific energy absorbed by the tubes improves with an increase in GMB volume fraction.The addition of 0.1,0.2,0.3 and 0.4 vol fractions of GMB results in the specific energy absorption increasing by6.6%,14.7%,24%and 36.6%,respectively,compared to neat glass fibre-epoxy tubes.Visual examination of the tubes and comparison with tubes subject to quasi-static compression is also performed.

STATIC AND FATIGUE BEHAVIOR OF IMPACTED AS4/PEEK THERMOPLASTIC COMPOSITES UNDER COMPRESSION LOAD

Static and fatigue tests under compression load were made on impacted AS4/PEEK and T300/913C graphite/epoxy with [45/90/-45/0] 5S stacking sequence. The comparison of the damage tolerance assessment for thermosetting and thermoplastic composites shows that thermoplastics are more damage tolerant under compression. Impacted thermoplastic composites have excellent compression compression fatigue behavior. The damage growth life is only a few percent of their total fatigue life and no regular damage growth can be found. Some design principles for thermosetting composite structures may still be used.

热冲击高强钢焊接接头的低周疲劳及断裂机理研究

为了研究热冲击下高强钢焊接接头的低周疲劳性能及断裂机理,用电弧焊焊接Q345结构钢,分别在-20~400℃、-40~650℃、-60~900℃下对焊接接头进行循环冲击,用疲劳试验机加载低周疲劳载荷,分析热冲击温度对低周疲劳性能及疲劳强度的影响,并用扫描电子显微镜等分析焊接接头的断裂机理。结果表明:相同疲劳加载次数下,焊接接头的总应变幅值随热冲击循环次数的增加匀速下降;相同热冲击循环次数下,疲劳加载次数越多,焊接接头的应变幅值越小;相同疲劳加载次数和相同热冲击循环次数下,随冲击温度范围的扩大,焊接接头的总应变幅值逐渐减小,但总应变幅值整体变化与冲击温度范围正相关。

基于率相关改进桥联模型的CFRP材料动态力学性能研究

桥联模型在预测CFRP材料静态力学性能上具有较高的精度,但目前鲜有基于桥联模型描述CFRP材料动态力学性能的报道。基于此,采用考虑应变率效应的本构方程与强度准则改进桥联模型。利用文献实验数据对改进后的模型进行了确认,针对侵彻弹使用环境,设计制备了CFRP层合结构并进行SHPB动态实验。理论预估模量与实验结果基本一致,理论强度值高于实验值约7%,由此校验了相关改进桥联模型在动载环境下的适用性。结合课题组已有的CFRP壳体侵彻试验结果,进一步验证了该理论模型可用于CFRP材料在冲击载荷下的性能预测。进一步的试验结果细观分析和数值模拟研究表明,X方向试样的动态破坏模式以层间分层为主,而Y方向则以纤维的压缩破坏与基体的剪切破坏为主。为CFRP材料用于抗冲击等动态载荷下的力学行为预测提供了一种可行的分析手段。

复合材料蜂窝夹芯结构低速冲击后压缩强度的可靠性与灵敏度分析

建立了一种复合材料蜂窝夹芯结构低速冲击后压缩强度的可靠性与灵敏度分析方法。利用ABAQUS有限元分析软件和VUMAT子程序建立了蜂窝夹芯结构冲击后压缩渐进损伤失效分析模型,并通过试验验证模型的有效性;在此基础上,利用Python语言对模型中材料力学性能和面板厚度、蜂窝芯子厚度进行参数化;采用径向基神经网络代理模型替代渐进损伤失效分析模型;基于蒙特卡洛法进行冲击后压缩强度的可靠性分析;分别采用基于方差和基于失效概率的方法进行参数的灵敏度分析,并研究参数的变异系数对结构可靠性的影响。结果表明:在外载荷低于10000 N,结构失效概率小于0.00017的情况下,当外载荷达到12700 N时,结构失效概率达到0.9;面板的力学性能、面板厚度、蜂窝芯厚度对冲击后压缩强度的影响较大;冲击后压缩强度的变异系数随着参数变异系数的增大而增大。

平纹编织复合材料加筋壁板低速冲击及冲击后压缩性能多尺度分析

该文通过构建平纹编织复合材料(plain woven composites,PWC)的微/细/宏观多尺度模型,对复合材料T型和工型加筋壁板的低速冲击(low-velocity impact,LVI)和冲击后压缩(compression after impact,CAI)性能进行分析。根据PWC内部结构特征,构建微观和细观代表性体积单元(representative volume element,RVE)模型,通过施加不同的载荷条件,预测其等效力学参数。同时,基于局部均匀化方法,将细观RVE模型转化为包含0°和90°子胞的等效交叉层合板(equivalent cross-ply laminate,ECPL)胞元。通过ECPL胞元建立PWC加筋壁板的宏观分析模型,并进行LVI和CAI性能分析。首先进行了能量为8 J、10 J和12 J的LVI试验和多尺度模拟,研究了PWC加筋壁板在LVI载荷下的力学行为。随后,对不同能量冲击后的加筋壁板进行CAI试验和数值模拟,研究其冲击后压缩剩余力学性能和损伤行为。最后,通过对比分析不同能量冲击下的LVI和CAI试验和预测结果,发现多尺度模型对加筋壁板力学性能的预测误差均小于6%,验证了该多尺度模型的有效性。试验和预测结果表明,在CAI载荷作用下,PWC加筋壁板的蒙皮部分沿着冲击损伤的位置发生完全断裂,其中,纤维断裂和层间分层成为PWC加筋壁板的主要损伤形式。此外,工型加筋壁板表现出更好的抵抗压缩强度衰减能力。

冲击荷载下高强混凝土动力特性及破碎特征研究

为探究粉煤灰替代率和细集料类型对高强混凝土冲击压缩性能的影响,以粉煤灰替代水泥比例为0、10%、15%、20%、25%为胶凝材料,玄武岩机制砂和天然砂为细集料配制C80高强混凝土,利用分离式霍普金森杆对其开展冲击压缩试验,计算破碎体分形维数量化混凝土破碎特征,并借助扫描电镜(SEM)分析混凝土微观形貌。结果表明:机制砂混凝土(MSC)的峰值应力和韧性均高于天然砂混凝土(NSC);随着粉煤灰替代率增加,混凝土峰值应变逐渐降低;当粉煤灰替代率10%时,混凝土的峰值应力和韧性均达到最高值,且破碎体分形维数最小、平均块径最大、综合表现的破碎特征最简单;与未掺粉煤灰组混凝土相比,粉煤灰替代率10%时混凝土的微观形貌致密,孔隙数量减少,整体密实度提升。

PVA纤维增强珊瑚混凝土静动态力学性能试验研究

为增强珊瑚混凝土的力学性能,对其进行了5种聚乙烯醇纤维体积分数(0、0.5%、1%、1.5%和2%)条件下的静态力学试验,并采用直径为100 mm的分离式霍普金森杆研究其在4种应变率下的冲击压缩性能。结果表明:掺入适量纤维能明显提高混凝土静态抗压强度与劈裂抗拉强度;动态力学试验表明珊瑚混凝土具有明显的应变率效应,加入纤维后能提高动态增强因子对应变率的敏感性,增强效果在纤维掺量为1.5%时趋于饱和;纤维在混凝土中起到了阻裂与耗能的作用,能明显地改善混凝土的破坏形态与冲击韧性。

玄武岩纤维增强混凝土动态压缩力学性能研究

采用直径为50 mm的分离式Hopkinson压杆试验装置,对不同气压下玄武岩纤维掺量为0%、0.05%、0.1%、0.15%、0.2%的玄武岩纤维增强混凝土(BFRC)进行动态压缩试验,研究BFRC在不同应变率下的力学性能,分析动态抗压强度与准静态抗压强度之间的关系以及冲击韧性,建立BFRC动态本构模型。结果表明:BFRC具有显著的应变率效应;动态抗压强度和比能量吸收值随玄武岩纤维掺量的增加呈先增加后减小的趋势,掺量为0.1%时达到最大值;动态强度增长因子与应变率对数近似呈线性增长关系;BFRC动态本构模型拟合试验与应力-应变曲线结果较吻合。

静水压环境下岩石动态压剪耦合力学响应与本构模型

静水压环境是深部岩石的典型应力赋存状态,并且岩石内存在多尺度的结构面,易遭受压剪耦合的复杂动力扰动。因此,探究静水压环境下岩石动态压剪耦合力学响应及损伤本构模型对于深部岩石结构安全评估和动力灾害防控极为重要。本文应用霍普金森压杆试验装置,对倾斜砂岩试样进行动态压剪耦合试验,揭示静水围压、动态荷载压剪耦合比及加载率对岩石力学特性的影响规律;基于Drucker–Prager准则和Weibull分布,建立静水压环境下深部岩石动态压剪耦合损伤本构模型。结果表明:1)岩石动态强度及变形模量随着加载率及静水围压的增大呈增加趋势,强度的围压效应及加载率效应明显,动态荷载中的剪切分量能削减岩石承载能力并提升岩石的变形能力。2)随着动态荷载剪压比和静水围压的增加,岩石冲击破坏模式由拉伸主导的内部锥形破裂面及表面劈裂转变为剪切主导的单一平面破坏;动态荷载中的剪切分量对静水围压作用下岩石的动态破碎存在明显的限制作用。3)采用极值解析法推导了模型分布参数F0和m的解析表达式,探究了模型分布参数F0、m和损伤修正系数q的物理意义及其对本构模型的影响规律;同时,对比不同工况下试验和理论应力应变曲线,验证了该模型的合理性。本文揭示的静水压环境下岩石动态压剪耦合动力响应与建立的损伤本构模型,可为复杂动力扰动下深部岩石工程安全建设与灾害防护提供理论支撑。

圆钢管再生镍铁渣混凝土柱冲击性能试验

为研究掺镍铁渣钢管再生混凝土柱抗冲击性能,以粗骨料替代率、轴压比、落锤质量及冲击能量为变化参数,设计并制作了11根圆钢管再生混凝土柱。通过落锤冲击试验,得到了试件的破坏形态、位移时程曲线及冲击力时程曲线,研究了轴压比、粗骨料取代率、冲击能量和落锤质量对钢管再生混凝土柱侧向冲击性能的影响。结果表明:钢管再生混凝土柱抗冲击性能良好,能量吸收率基本恒定在67%左右;与取代率为0%相比,再生粗骨料取代率为30%时,试件跨中挠度平均降低8.9%;再生粗骨料取代率为70%时,试件跨中挠度平均降低11.4%;随着冲击能量的增加,试件跨中残余位移显著增大;轴压比在0~0.4以内,轴向力对钢管再生混凝土抗冲击性能有提高作用;落锤质量由330 kg增加至430 kg,冲击持续时间增加16%;套箍系数增大,跨中挠度减小。

不同加载速率下煤单轴抗压强度测试与冲击倾向性影响分析

针对冲击倾向性测试中煤样单轴抗压强度数据随加载速率变化和离散性问题,以内蒙古鄂托克前旗长城六号煤矿3号煤为研究背景,通过设置0.50、0.75、1.00 MPa/s三种不同加载速率进行煤样标准件的分组测试。测试结果表明,3种不同加载速率测试得到煤的单轴抗压强度测试值均存在离散性;加载速率与单轴抗压强度测试值无明显线性关系;在舍去每组离散性较大的最大值和最小值后,再次计算在不同加载速率条件下煤单轴抗压强度的平均值和标准差,可以得到离散性相对较小的测试值;煤样单轴抗压强度测试值与加载速率无明显比例关系,加载速率的变化可导致同煤层冲击倾向性等级的变化。

缝合复合材料T型加强板强度仿真研究

为提高复合材料筋条与蒙皮的连接界面强度,局部缝合技术是一种有效的方法。分别对无损伤缝合加筋板和含冲击损伤缝合加筋板采用内聚力模型模拟界面层、粘接元模拟缝合进行有限元建模(FEM)计算分析,并与轴压试验结果进行对比。两组试验结果与有限元计算分析结果偏差均不大于8.5%,表明采用有限元模拟界面层和缝线的方法是可行的;试验结果和有限元计算结果显示,当蒙皮与筋条尚未发生剥离的情况下,缝合对复合材料加筋板的压缩承载能力影响不显著。

侧向冲击后钢管混凝土柱剩余轴压承载力研究

为研究钢管混凝土柱受侧向冲击后的剩余承载力,进行了冲击后钢管混凝土柱的轴压试验,运用ABAQUS有限元软件对冲击后钢管混凝土柱轴压试验进行了数值模拟,并验证了有限元模型的合理性。分析轴压过程中典型钢管混凝土柱的受力性能,研究混凝土强度等级、冲击质量、冲击高度、钢管强度等级、冲击位置、边界条件和长径比对受冲击后钢管混凝土柱剩余承载力的影响。结果表明:混凝土强度等级对剩余承载力影响较小,当从C50增大C65时,剩余承载力仅提高了1.44%;当冲击质量从330 kg增大到630 kg时,剩余承载力减小了10.64%;冲击高度由4 m增大到7 m时,剩余承载力减小了10.15%;采用Q420钢材的钢管混凝土柱的剩余承载力比采用Q235钢材的钢管混凝土柱的相应值提高了39.54%;冲击位置越靠近跨中,剩余承载力越小;随着边界条件的自由度增加,剩余承载力减小。给出了冲击后钢管混凝土柱的剩余承载力公式。

系统性疼痛护理对骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折患者睡眠质量及预后的影响

目的:探讨系统性疼痛护理对骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折患者睡眠质量及预后的影响.方法:选取2019年1月至2023年3月本院收治的60例骨质疏松椎体压缩性骨折患者作为研究对象,按照入院先后顺序,分为观察组(后30例,采取系统性疼痛护理)和对照组(前30例,采取常规护理),护理后对比两组患者的睡眠质量及预后.结果:护理后观察组患者睡眠质量评分明显优于对照组,术后恢复情况优于对照组,生活质量评分高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论:将系统性疼痛护理应用于骨质疏松椎体压缩性骨折患者中,可明显改善患者睡眠质量及生活质量,具有临床推广价值.

磷酸镁水泥掺合料的研究进展

考虑添加掺合料能使磷酸镁水泥有更强的可操作性及更好的性能,结合国内外对磷酸镁水泥掺合料的研究现状,论述了可与磷酸镁水泥混合以形成复合磷酸镁水泥的掺合料种类,总结阐述了流动性、初凝时间、抗压强度、水化热、冲击韧性等性能要求,指出了复合磷酸镁水泥在实际工程应用中存在的问题以及未来磷酸镁水泥掺合料种类尚待深入的研究方向。