Research on testing method of resin sand high temperature compressive strength

High temperature compressive strength is one of the most important performances of resin sand; its value directly concerns the quality of castings. In order to seek the best testing method of resin sand high temperature compressive strength, a self-developed instrument was used to carry out experiments, and the sample shape and size were designed and studied. The results show that a hollow cylinder sample can reflect the strength difference of different resin sands better than a solid cylinder sample, and its data is stable. The experiments selected φ20/5×30 mm as the size of the hollow cylinder samples. The high temperature compressive strengths of phenol-formaldehyde resin coated sand, furan resin self-setting sand, and TEA resin sand were each tested. For the resin sand used for cast steel and cast iron, 1,000 ℃ was selected as the test temperature; for the resin sand used for cast non-ferrous alloy, 800 ℃ was selected as the test temperature; and for all the resin sand samples, 1 min was selected as the holding time. This testing method can truthfully reflect the high temperature performance of three kinds of resin sand; it is reproducible, and the variation coefficients of test values are under 10%.

Effects of Specimen Height on the Acoustic Emission Rate Value 'a' for Cement Mortar

In order to study the size effect on the AE rate ’a’ value,three kinds of mix ratios were set up by different particle sizes and water cement ratios,45 cement mortar specimens with five different heights were tested under axial compression.And the whole damage processes were monitored by full-digital acoustic emission acquisition system,followed by an analysis of mechanical behavior and AE activity.The experimental results show that the height of the cement specimen has significant effects on the compressive strength and the acoustic emission rate ’a’ value,but a slight effect on the accumulated AE hits number,which is analyzed from aspects of failure process of cement mortar specimens.

Evaluation of rockburst proneness considering specimen shape by storable elastic strain energy

To systematically assess the rockburst proneness considering specimen shape,multiple groups of laboratory tests were performed on 5 rock materials in cylindrical and cuboid shapes.The linear energy storage(LES)law of both cylindrical and cuboid rock specimens under uniaxial compressive load was confirmed,and the energy storage coefficient was found to be unrelated to specimen shape.On the basis of LES law,two rockburst proneness indexes,namely the strain energy storage index(W_(et))and the potential energy of elastic strain(PES),were modified.Subsequently,the W_(et),PES,peak-strength strain energy storage index(W_(et))p,and peak-strength potential energy of elastic strain(PESp)were used to assess the rockburst proneness of the cylindrical and cuboid specimens.In addition,the fragment ejection course of specimens under test was recorded by a high-speed camera.Then,the rockburst proneness judgments obtained from the 4 indexes were compared with the qualitative data during rock destruction.The results show that,under similar stress conditions,specimen shape has an ignorable effect on the rockburst proneness as a whole.The judgment accuracy of the two modified indexes,especially that of the PESp,is favorably improved to evaluate the rockburst proneness of both cylindrical and cuboid specimens.However,misjudgment ofW_(et)^(p)and PESp may still occur in the assessment of rockburst proneness as these two indexes only consider the energy state before rock peak strength and the W_(et)^(p)is formulated in a ratio form.

Application of the Combined Method for Evaluating the Compressive Strength of Concrete on Site

Ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) and rebound hammer (RH) tests are often used for assessing the quality of concrete and estimation of its compressive strength. Several parameters influence this property of concrete as the type and size of aggregates, cement content, the implementation of concrete, etc. To account for these factors, both of the two tests are combined and their measurements are calibrated with the results of mechanical tests on cylindrical specimens cast on site and on cores taken from the existing structure in work progress at the new-city Massinissa El-Khroub Constantine in Algeria. In this study;the two tests cited above have been used to determine the concrete quality by applying regression analysis models between compressive strength of in situ concrete on existing structure and the nondestructive tests values, the combined method is used, equations are derived using statistical analysis (simple and multiple regression) to estimate compressive strength of concrete on site and the reliability of the technique for prediction of the strength is discussed for this case study.

Strength Prediction of Cruciform Specimen Under Biaxial Loading

In order to achieve a better understanding of failure behavior of cruciform specimen under different biaxial loading conditions,a three-dimensional finite element model is established with solid and interface elements.Maximum stress criterion,two Hashin-type criteria and the new proposed criteria are used to predict the strength of plain woven textile composites when biaxial loading ratio equals 1.Compared with experimental data,only the new proposed criteria can reach reasonable results.The applicability of the new proposed criteria is also verified by predicting the tensile and compressive strength of cruciform specimen under different biaxial loading ratios.Moreover,the introduction of interface element makes it more intuitive to recognize delamination failure.The shape of the predicted delamination failure region in the interface layer is similar to that of the failure region in neighboring entity layers,but the area of delamination failure region is a little larger.

近海红黏填土的固结特性与预测模型研究

为研究大连金州湾海上填土机场用土的固结特性,防止出现不规则沉降,开展在含盐环境下不同含水率重塑红黏土的固结试验,分析含水状态对红黏土变形特性的影响规律,在此基础上,验证5种固结模型在含盐环境下对红黏土的适用性。分析结果表明:初始含水率是影响重塑黏土压缩特性的重要因素,初始含水率越高,压缩曲线的斜率变化最为明显;在较大的固结压力条件下,不同初始含水率试样的压缩曲线斜率趋于一致,但不同含水率下重塑土压缩后的孔隙比仍有较大差距;已有的黏土非线性压缩模型并不适用于高含水率和含盐环境下的红黏土;结合已有的孔隙指数概念,重新建立了固有压缩指数e_(100)与C_(c)的经验公式和考虑含水率的I_(v)-lnp压缩模型,该模型对高含水率和含盐环境下的黏土具有较好适应性。

隧道洞渣点荷载与饱和抗压强度相关性研究现状分析

饱和抗压强度是评价隧道洞渣能否用于制备机制骨料的关键指标,但现有饱和抗压强度测试方法呈现出制样要求复杂、测试程序严格以及预处理时间长等问题,而隧道洞渣具有形状不规则、块体尺寸不一、含水状态变化大等特征性能,无法满足力学性能快速评价需求,限制了隧道洞渣的机制骨料制备与应用。因此,亟需开展隧道洞渣饱和抗压强度快速评价方法的研究。通过分析隧道洞渣的性能特征以及不同行业对机制骨料母岩饱和抗压强度的规定,从标准层面与研究层面探讨隧道洞渣饱和抗压强度与点荷载强度指数的相关性,论证了基于点荷载强度指数评价隧道洞渣饱和抗压强度的可行性。通过总结点荷载评价方法的影响因素,发现岩性、含水状态、试件尺寸以及强度对点荷载预测效果影响显著,在实际工程应用中需重点考虑以降低评价误差率。提出适用于点荷载快速试验的条件,即隧道洞渣厚度宜控制在35~60 mm,宽度宜控制在40~60 mm,最长边宜控制在35~60 mm,从而提高了点荷载评价方法的稳定性,为机制骨料用隧道洞渣的绿色化应用提供技术支撑。

试样厚度对室内测定黄土压缩变形的影响

为研究试样厚度对室内测定黄土压缩变形的影响及水、力相互作用下的压缩变形特性,基于改造后的WG-2型固结仪,针对厚度分别为20 mm和40 mm的原状黄土,开展了不同初始上覆荷载条件下连续增湿压缩试验。结果表明,在同一上覆荷载条件下,试样压缩变形随着增湿含水率的增大而逐渐增大;同一增湿条件下,上覆荷载较小时,不同厚度试样的沉降变形相差不大;不同厚度试样的压缩变形量随着上覆荷载的增大而呈现增大的趋势。初始上覆荷载越小,含水率越低,试样厚度对压缩变形量的影响越大,随着增湿含水率和上覆荷载增大,可以忽略试验厚度对于压缩变形的影响。

超声回弹法检测再生骨料混凝土强度的试验分析

该文探究超声回弹法在再生骨料混凝土强度检测中的应用。采用对照试验法,使用再生骨料和水泥、外加剂等配制再生骨料混凝土,并制作标准试件,经过28 d养护后使用不同方法测定其抗压强度。以压力试验机测定的再生骨料混凝土试块抗压强度作为标准值,将回弹法和超声回弹法测定的抗压强度作为对照值,观察测定误差进而判断2种方法的优劣。分析试验数据可知,使用回弹法测定试块的抗压强度,测量值与标准值的误差为1.45%;使用超声回弹法测定试块的抗压强度,测量值与标准值的误差为0.49%。由此可得,超声回弹法在测定再生骨料混凝土抗压强度方面精度更高,能够为再生骨料混凝土的制备与应用提供参考。

含动态裂隙岩体的高精度数字散斑相关量测方法

数字图像相关与相关系数计算是数字散斑相关方法(DSCM)的基本原理与基础算法,然而,岩体在产生裂隙前后,会导致裂隙区数字图像相关性的明显改变和依据相关系数计算结果的错误判断,因此,常规以点为中心来构建图像相关分析像素块的方法必然会产生较大误差甚至错误。为此,基于岩体裂隙的分布特征及其简化型式的分析,提出一种简单有效的新方法——"一点五块"法以消除裂隙影响,在自行研制的PhotoInfor软件系统中实现了这一功能,并针对一含双孔岩石试件单轴压缩下的变形与破裂过程进行了应用研究。结果表明:①"一点五块"法有效解决了含有动态裂隙岩体的DSCM量测的精度问题,巩固了数字照相量测技术在岩石破裂演变全场精细观测实验中的优势地位;②"一点五块"法同时可作为一种DSCM通用精度提高算法,应用于包含动态裂隙与非动态裂隙的材料变形量测中;③在岩石单轴压缩过程中,DSCM获得了岩体变形破裂演变过程与轴向应力之间的关系,发现了岩体在峰值附近开始出现局部较大剪应变,但岩体结构的严重破坏则发生在接近残余应力阶段;④DSCM能够揭示岩体内部结构破裂情况与孔洞周围变形之间的时间关系,从而为进一步研究通过孔洞洞壁的位移来预测围岩内部变化的方法提供一个有效的手段。

两种含瓦斯煤样变形特性与抗压强度的实验分析

介绍型煤煤样和原煤煤样的制作过程,设计含瓦斯煤样的三轴实验方法和步骤。利用自行研制的三轴蠕变瓦斯渗流装置和材料实验机组成含瓦斯煤样三轴压缩实验装置,对型煤煤样和原煤煤样进行含瓦斯三轴实验,获得大量不同围压和不同瓦斯压力条件下的实验数据;根据实验结果系统地研究含瓦斯煤样两种煤样在三轴应力条件下的变形特性和抗压强度。研究结果表明,围压和瓦斯压力对含瓦斯煤样的变形特性和抗压强度都有一定程度的影响;型煤煤样和原煤煤样的变形特性和抗压强度具有规律上的共性,但是其力学参数存在显著差异;弹性模量和泊松比在含瓦斯煤样的变形过程中不是定值,而是动态变化的,且2种煤样的弹性模量差别很大,泊松比也不相等;相同载荷条件下型煤煤样的变形比原煤煤样的要大得多,其形状改变也比原煤煤样的大。研究结果对进一步认识含瓦斯煤样的力学性质具有一定的意义。

岩样单轴压缩的尺度效应和矿柱支承性能

岩样应力峰值之后的变形是非均匀的，其强度降低与总的塑性变形量成正比，比例系数与岩样长度无关；讨论了岩样形状、尺度对峰后弱化过程的影响．从支承顶板载荷与沉降位移两个方面说明了大矿柱具有更好的性能。

光滑与含孔复合材料压-压疲劳实验研究

本文新设计了光滑与含孔两种复合材料试样的抗失稳装置，简述了这两种试样的压－压疲劳实验概况，分析和讨论了其疲劳破坏机理，提出复合材料疲劳损伤的“转捩点”概念。

大理岩三轴压缩的塑性变形与能量特征分析

利用伺服试验机对大理岩岩样在不同围压下轴向压缩屈服之后完全卸载,再对损伤岩样进行的单轴压缩试验,研究岩样不同围压下三轴压缩的塑性变形量、能耗与损伤岩样单轴压缩时的强度、平均模量、能耗特征的变化规律。研究结果表明,大理岩具有明显的脆性–延性转化特征,围压较高时应力–应变曲线出现屈服平台,岩样塑性变形持续增加,而裂隙通过摩擦力使岩样承载能力基本保持不变。岩样三轴压缩过程中屈服前能量消耗较少,塑性变形过程需要消耗更多的能量,塑性变形与耗能具有良好的线性特征,高围压下要使岩样完全破坏需要消耗较多能量。损伤岩样单轴压缩时的强度、平均模量与三轴压缩的塑性变形大致线性降低,低围压下产生的塑性变形对强度、平均模量的影响显著。峰后屈服弱化阶段岩样承载能力的降低与塑性变形的增加近似成线性关系,弱化模量与强度没有明显关系,表现出损伤岩样明显局部化破坏特征。

φ75mm混凝土芯样抗压强度应用性研究

通过采用当地原材料进行混凝土配合比、成型、养护、取芯、加工、试压,对大量数据进行分析、归纳、总结,着重研究了φ75mm×75mm混凝土芯样强度值与φ100mm×100mm混凝土标准芯样和150mm×150mm×150mm同条件的标准试块强度值三者之间的相关关系,并在综合分析国内研究成果的基础上,探讨了小直径芯样与标准直径芯样所测混凝土抗压强度之间的修正关系。

废玻璃粉的火山灰活性

研究中位粒径为15.63、14.93、9.54μm的3种废玻璃粉,分别以相同的质量分数取代10%、20%、30%的水泥制成的胶砂试件7、14、21、28、35、120 d的抗压强度比(活性指数),测定不同龄期废玻璃粉石灰溶液与粉煤灰石灰溶液pH。结果表明:取代率越大,废玻璃粉的活性指数越小;35 d以前的龄期,中位粒径为15.63、14.93μm的废玻璃粉组活性指数最大,35~120 d的后期,中位粒径为9.54μm的废玻璃粉组活性指数最大;废玻璃粉组活性指数前期随着龄期的延长呈减小趋势,后期增大,120 d时达90%以上,比粉煤灰组活性指数约小15%;废玻璃粉石灰溶液与粉煤灰石灰溶液前期pH均呈减小趋势,后期增大;废玻璃粉和粉煤灰的石灰溶液均生成大量CaO-SiO2-H2O凝胶,粉煤灰石灰溶液中还有钙矾石生成,说明废玻璃粉后期有很强的火山灰活性。

高应变率下纯水冰和杂质冰的动态力学行为

通过采用大热惯性试件快速加载技术和波形整形技术,对3种冰材料在-18℃下的动态压缩性能进行测试,实验中试件达到了应力均衡和近似恒应变率加载等条件。通过实验波形对比分析,解释了反射波和透射波中的“双峰现象”。在700~2 700 s^-1的应变率范围内,纯冰试件的压缩强度为14.5~49.3 MPa,相比于准静态结果表现出明显的动态增强效应。含有杂质的冰试件总体峰值应力相比于纯水冰试件有较大提升,而峰值应力对应的平均应变在减小,这表明添加了杂质的冰试件动态模量增大,冰材料变得更硬,其抵抗变形的能力更强。b型试件所表现出的强度(41.3~51.6 MPa)较a、c型试件均有提高并且分散性较小,说明该试件中杂质与冰晶体之间的结合力较强,抑制了微裂纹的萌生、扩展、成核等过程。

应变率历史对应力应变曲线的影响

利用普通SHPB实验系统、双试件SHPB实验系统,对一特种钢材进行了不同应变率历史的动态压缩实验,获得了不同应变率历史所对应的应力应变曲线。通过量化平均应变率相同的情况下不同应变率历史所对应的应力应变曲线的差别,以及量化应变率历史的恒定程度,初步分析了应变率历史对应力应变曲线的影响。研究结果表明:特别是在较高平均应变率下,应变率历史对试件材料的应力应变曲线有明显的影响,在材料动态本构关系研究中应当考虑应变率历史的影响。

含天然贯通弱面石灰岩试样的力学性质研究

为研究天然弱面对岩石力学特性的影响,对40个完整和含有53°～90°倾角的天然贯通弱面石灰岩试样进行纵波速度测试、单轴和常规三轴压缩试验。试验结果表明:纵波速度与弱面倾角和单轴抗压强度并没有明确的关系。试样破坏有沿弱面滑移、穿切弱面和复合破坏3种形式:弱面倾角为65°～80°时易沿弱面滑移破坏,强度明显偏低;弱面倾角小于65°或大于80°时出现穿切弱面破坏,强度和破裂角大致满足Coulomb强度准则;有2个试样发生复合破坏,强度介于两者之间。石灰岩充填弱面的材料与主体类似,因而与完整试样具有相同的内摩擦因数0.944;据此可以从三轴压缩强度扣除围压影响,得到40个试样材料强度为30.3～177.1 MPa,平均值为121.3 MPa,标准差为32.6 MPa,大致服从正态分布规律。因最弱断面的方向随试样而不同,其黏聚力也存在显著差异,引起试样三轴压缩的强度和破坏方式的显著不同。

岩石泊松比与内摩擦角的关系研究

在纯张破坏时的泊松比与内摩擦角关系式基础上,推导出纯剪破坏时的泊松比与内摩擦角关系式,定义由泊松比与内摩擦角确定的剪破坏、脆性剪破坏、塑性剪破坏与张破坏及流动变形破坏分布区域。根据试验数据分析,确立张剪破坏与剪张破坏的线性分界线,建立脆性剪破坏判别条件半经验关系式。据此关系式,进行泊松比与内摩擦角的互算、单试样抗剪强度的计算及岩石细观破坏类型的分区。与岩石三轴压缩试验资料进行对比分析,解释岩石试样破坏类型发生的力学机制。实例表明,用泊松比计算单试样抗剪强度的方法具有实用价值,而且利用岩石破坏类型分区图可辅助预测岩石可能的破坏方式与类型。