Investigation of Non-Axisymmetric Endwall Contouring in a Compressor Cascade

The current paper presents experimental and computational results to assess the effectiveness of non-axisymmetric endwall contouring in a compressor linear cascade. The endwaU was designed by an endwall design optimi- zation platform at 0° incidence （design condition）. The optimization method is based on a genetic algorithm. The design objective was to minimize the total pressure losses. The experiments were carried out in a compressor cascade at a low-speed test facility with a Mach number of 0.15. Four nominal inlet flow angles were chosen to test the performance of non-axisymmetric Contoured Endwall （CEW）. A five-hole pressure probe with a head diameter of 2 mm was used to traverse the downstream flow fields of the flat-endwall （FEW） and CEW cascades. Both the measured and predicted results indicated that the implementation of CEW results in smaller comer stall, and reduction of total pressure losses. The CEW gets 15.6% total pressure loss coefficient reduction at design condition, and 22.6% at off-design condition （＋7° incidence）. And the mechanism of the improvement of CEW based on both measured and calculated results is that the adverse pressure gradient （APG） has been reduced through the groove configuration near the leading edge （LE） of the suction surface （SS）.

Influence of Endwall Air Injection with Discrete Holes on Corner Separation of a Compressor Cascade

The aim of this study is to reveal the influence mechanism of endwall air injection with distributed holes on the corner separation of a highly loaded compressor cascade,so as to promote the application of injection in aero-engines.Single-hole and double-hole endwall injection schemes featuring different axial locations,pitchwise locations,injection mass rates and injection directions,were designed and investigated.Results showed that the corner separation was eliminated by endwall injection;the optimal single-hole injection scheme achieved an endwall loss coefficient reduction of 29.7%,with injection coefficient as low as 0.48%.The optimal axial location of single-hole endwall injection was at 82%axial chord,being the center of corner separation.However,as injection hole was located at upstream of it,endwall injection resulted in severer corner separation.The mid-span flow field was deteriorated after endwall injection,which was due to 3D flow effects,i.e.,AVDR(axial velocity density ratio)effect and low-momentum fluid spanwise migration effect.The optimal injection was achieved at low injection angle and from close to the suction surface on pitchwise.Double-hole injection exhibited inferior performance compared with single-hole,which was due to the interaction of the two injection streams and mixing of injection streams with the bulk stream.

Investigation of Endwall Flow Behavior with Plasma Flow Control on a Highly Loaded Compressor Cascade

To discover the flow behavior in the endwall region and mechanism of plasma flow control on a highly loaded compressor cascade, distributions of static pressure coefficient, total pressure loss coefficient and streamline pat- tern were investigated. Results show that cross flow from the pressure surface to neighboring suction surface ex- ists under pitch-wise pressure gradient. The deflected endwall boundary layer flow interacts with the incoming flow, and then both of them leave off the endwall in tile form of a span-wise vortex. Effect of angle of attack on static pressure is greater than that of free stream velocity. The distinct variations of total pressure loss with end- wall actuations are mainly located within the outer verge of a triangular area with high total pressure loss. Effect of pitch-vAse actuation on separated flows is much better than that of stream-wise actuation, and both enhance with the increase of angle of attack and actuation strength. An efficient method for plasma flow control in the endwall region is the increase of actuation strength, such as adjusting discharge voltage or changing plasma power supply.

Investigation of flow unsteadiness in a highly-loaded compressor cascade using a dynamic mode decomposition method

Unsteady flow in the hub endwall region has long been a hot topic in the turbomachinery community.However important it is to the performance of the whole engine,the coherent unsteady flow phenomena are still not well understood.In this paper,the complex flow field in the hub endwall of a cantilevered compressor cascade has been investigated through numerical approach.The predicted results were validated by experimental data.To highlight the dominant flow structures among irregular and chaotic motions of various vortices,a Dynamic Mode Decomposition(DMD)method was utilized.The results show that there exist three dominant periodic flow structures:the oscillation of the leakage vortex,a circumferential migration of a Breakdown Induced Vortex(BIV)and the fluctuation of the passage vortex.These three coherent structures all together form a self-sustained closed loop which accounts for the flow unsteadiness of the studied cascade.During this process,the BIV plays a key role in inducing the flow unsteadiness.Only if the BIV is strong enough to affect the passage vortex,the flow unsteadiness occurs.This study expands current knowledge base of flow unsteadiness in a compressor environment,and shows the efficacy of the DMD method for revealing the origin of flow unsteadiness.

端壁翼刀控制压气机叶栅二次流的机理研究

对CDA压气机直叶栅和具有不同流向位置和不同几何参数的端壁翼刀叶栅内三维粘性流场进行了数值模拟。结果表明,端壁翼刀主要通过阻断马蹄涡压力面分支汇入通道涡和有效产生反向翼刀涡来控制二次流。加装在距叶片压力面30%节距处且高度为1/3来流附面层厚度、占据前3/4流道的翼刀布置方式为本文所给出的最佳翼刀位置。

吸力面翼刀控制压气机叶栅二次流的实验研究

在低速风洞上通过详细测量叶栅的出口流场 ,研究了叶片吸力面上不同高度处加翼刀对压气机叶栅损失和二次流的影响。实验结果表明 ,合理地选择翼刀安装位置 ,可有效地控制压气机叶栅的二次流 ,降低叶栅的总损失。

具有不同翼刀的压气机叶栅二次流结构分析

给出了具有端壁翼刀、吸力面翼刀和组合翼刀的可控扩散叶型(CDA)压气机叶栅的二次流结构简图.端壁翼刀和吸力面翼刀分别通过阻断端壁横向流动和展向流动来对栅内二次流进行控制,不同程度上可使叶栅总损失得到降低;组合翼刀叶栅兼顾了端壁翼刀、吸力面翼刀叶栅中二次流的特点;最佳组合翼刀并不是最佳端壁翼刀和最佳吸力面翼刀的简单组合,它需要一个更详细的优化过程.不同翼刀在不同程度上改善栅内流动状况的同时,也伴随着端壁翼刀涡、吸力面翼刀涡和类通道涡的形成和发展,这使栅内旋涡结构较常规叶栅更为复杂.

不同长度端壁翼刀对压气机叶栅二次流影响的数值研究

对可控扩散叶型(CDA)常规直叶栅和三种具有不同长度和流向位置的端壁翼刀叶栅内的三维粘性流场进行了数值模拟。结果表明,不同长度端壁翼刀都不同程度上改善了栅内的气流流动状况;较小长度的翼刀所产生的附加损失也较小;反向翼刀涡的产生与流道内横向流动的强弱息息相关。计算结果表明,占据前3/4流道长的翼刀为最佳翼刀。

不同周向位置端壁翼刀对压气机叶栅损失影响的实验研究

在低速大尺寸叶栅风洞上通过详细测量叶栅流场,研究了叶栅端壁上不同周向位置处加装端壁翼刀对压气机叶栅损失和二次流的影响。实验结果表明,合理选择翼刀安装位置,可有效地控制压气机叶栅的二次流,降低叶栅的总损失。进一步对实验方案中叶栅总损失最小的翼刀位置的叶栅内流场进行了测量,分析了安装翼刀后流场内涡系结构的变化,探讨了翼刀涡的形成和发展变化。

凹型轴对称端壁造型在大安装角扩压叶栅中的应用研究

为改善大安装角扩压叶栅角区流动,应用轴对称端壁造型技术对其端区进行改型设计。采用数值模拟的方法探讨了凹型曲线覆盖长度以及深度对叶栅气动性能的影响,结果表明,在设计冲角以及负冲角下,采用合理的凹型端壁造型方案均可不同程度地降低叶栅端区流动损失和出口落后角度,但在正冲角下,端壁造型曲线选取不当将会提前促发角区失速,恶化端区流场。进一步将凹型轴对称端壁造型技术应用到1.5级压气机中,验证了此种改型方法的有效性,在保证工作范围基本不变的条件下,整机峰值效率提高了0.94%。

不同翼刀位置控制涡轮叶栅二次流的数值研究

为明确翼刀改善涡轮静叶栅二次流的机理,采用数值模拟的方法研究了端壁加装翼刀静叶栅的三维流场。与常规叶栅二次流特性相比,翼刀的存在降低了端壁附面层内的横向压力梯度,减弱了低能流体向叶栅吸力面/壁角区的堆积;同时通过产生的反向翼刀涡限制了马蹄涡的压力面分支的发展,从而达到减小通道涡的尺寸和强度的目的。通过距离压力面位置远近不同的3个翼刀方案的比较,发现距压力面愈近的翼刀方案控制二次流的效果较好。

吸力面翼刀对压气机叶栅内二次流的影响

对CDA常规直叶栅和具有不同展向位置和高度的吸力面翼刀压气机叶栅内三维粘性流场进行了数值模拟。结果表明,加装位置越高、高度越大的吸力面翼刀对吸力面附近展向流动阻断能力越强;反向翼刀涡的产生与流道内展向流动的强弱息息相关;具有距端壁一个附面层且高度为一个吸力面附面层厚度的翼刀方案为最佳翼刀方案。

下端壁流向槽抽吸对高负荷扇形扩压叶栅性能影响的数值研究

为探究附面层抽吸对亚声速高负荷扇形扩压叶栅气动性能和流场结构的影响,利用数值方法对叶栅进行了下端壁流向槽附面层抽吸的研究。对比原型和各抽吸方案发现:下端壁附面层的抽吸可以有效抑制下角区低能流体的分离及回流,降低下角区总压损失并提升叶栅近端壁区域的扩压能力,但上角区分离会略有加剧。当抽吸质量流量为原型叶栅质量流量的0.50%时,抽吸槽起始于角区分离点下游附近的抽吸方案(EW2)效果最佳,叶栅整体总压损失降低27.65%,静压比提升8.69%。

端壁合成射流对高负荷扩压叶栅损失特性的影响

利用端壁合成射流技术对高负荷扩压叶栅内的流动分离控制展开数值研究,探讨其改善损失的作用机理及影响因素。研究结果表明,端壁合成射流可以显著提升叶栅气动性能,使总压损失最大降低21.63%,静压升提高5.60%。射流形成的流向射流旋涡通过上洗/下洗作用促进了端壁附面层与主流高速流体间的动量交换,阻碍了通道涡向叶展中部的迁移、削弱其展向影响范围,并通过流向动量注入效应增大了激励缝下游流体的能量,从而推迟流动分离、降低叶栅损失。激励位置和射流角度是影响端壁合成射流作用效果的重要参数,当激励位于角区分离线上游附近且射流角度较小时,流动控制效果最佳。此外,提高射流动量也有助于增强其控制流动分离的能力。

不同参数端壁翼刀控制二次流机理的实验研究

不同周向和轴向位置的压气机叶栅上安装1/2轴向弦长翼刀的叶栅出口流场测量结果表明,两种方案的叶栅总损失随翼刀周向位置变化的总体趋势是翼刀靠近压力面时叶栅总损失降低。翼刀安装在流道前半部的最佳周向位置是距离吸力面60%相对节距处;安装在流道后半部的翼刀最佳周向位置是距离吸力面80%相对节距处。通过对比初步探讨了翼刀减小二次流损失的机理:一方面通过降低流道内端壁附面层内横向压力梯度,减弱低能流体向吸力面/壁角区的堆积;另一方面是通过产生的反向翼刀涡限制马蹄涡的压力面分支发展,从而减小通道涡的尺寸和强度。

不同冲角端壁翼刀控制压气机叶栅二次流的实验研究

对不同冲角下端壁翼刀安装在不同周向位置的压气机叶栅进行的实验研究,结果表明,叶栅总损失随翼刀位置的变化趋势是远离吸力面时损失降低,靠近吸力面时损失升高,冲角变化时叶栅总损失降低的最佳翼刀位置发生变化;在距离吸力面位置70%相对节距处安装翼刀后叶栅总损失在一定的冲角范围内(-9°^+6°)仍然比常规叶栅低。在负冲角下,安装翼刀对流道内流动的影响有随冲角的增大而减小的趋势;在正冲角下,安装翼刀对流道内的影响有随冲角增大而加强的趋势。

翼刀附面层控制二次流技术的研究现状及发展前景

翼刀技术是附面层控制技术的一种,主要是通过有效阻断端壁附面层或叶片吸力面附面层近端壁处低能流体的横向迁移或径向迁移以及反向翼刀涡的影响来控制二次流。国外对此项研究起步较早,重点集中在对汽轮机叶栅的实验研究上;而国内在近几年,才开始了对压气机叶栅中应用翼刀技术的实验和计算研究工作。

通道前缘小叶片对轴流压气机叶栅气动性能的影响研究

为了更好地控制压气机静叶角区分离,结合翼刀和涡流发生器的流动控制思想,提出一种在通道前缘端壁处设置小叶片的新型流动控制方法。以某高负荷轴流压气机叶栅为研究对象,基于数值方法深入分析了不同周向位置和安装角的小叶片对流场的影响。结果表明:小叶片存在提升叶栅气动性能的最佳周向位置和安装角范围。在近失速工况附近,小叶片可减缓角区分离,提高全叶高的扩压能力,但会不可避免地增加中间叶高位置处的流动分离和气动载荷;小叶片可减少角区分离损失和尾迹损失,提高各流向位置处的静压系数;小叶片能阻碍马蹄涡压力面分支发展,减缓叶栅前缘附近的横向二次流动;从小叶片叶顶泄漏的诱导涡可将马蹄涡压力面分支推向流向,带走端壁和角区附近的低能流体,从而削弱通道涡强度。

正/反弯曲对高负荷压气机叶栅流场影响机理

弯曲叶片是改善压气机近端壁流动的有效技术手段之一。为探索叶片弯曲对高负荷压气机叶栅流场的影响机理,在初始高负荷直列叶栅的基础上,设计了不同正/反弯曲水平的叶栅,并采用数值模拟方法对系列叶栅进行研究。研究发现:叶片正弯曲形成了中间静压低、两端静压高的"C"形静压分布,可有效改善压气机叶栅近端壁流场,显著抑制角区分离,使得端壁区域扩压能力提高;正弯曲可增大叶展中部区域负荷,恶化叶中流场,增大流动分离;叶片反弯曲形成了中间静压高、两端静压低的反"C"形静压分布,可显著恶化近端壁区流场,角区分离区增大,端壁区域扩压能力降低,叶中流场有所改善。

上端壁流向槽抽吸对带导叶跨声速扇形扩压叶栅性能影响的数值研究

研究对象为跨声速压气机,探究附面层抽吸对跨声速压气机气动性能和流场结构的影响,利用数值模拟计算的方法对压气机进行了上端壁流向槽附面层抽吸的相关研究。对比原型静叶叶栅和各个抽吸方案可以发现:上端壁附面层抽吸对上角区分离的抑制具有显著效果,能够降低损失并提高扩压能力。当抽吸槽位置设置在靠近角区分离起始点附近时,其抽吸效果最佳,叶栅整体的总压损失降低15.82%。