Valve Dynamic and Thermal Cycle Model in Stepless Capacity Regulation for Reciprocating Compressor

The existing researches of stepless capacity regulation system by depressing the suction valve for reciprocation compressor always adopt hypothesis that the compressor valves are open or close instantaneously, the valve dynamic has not been taken account into thermal cycle computation, the influence of capacity regulation system on suction valves dynamic performance and cylinder thermal cycle operation has not been considered. This paper focuses on theoretical and experimental analysis of the valve dynamic and thermal cycle for reciprocating compressor in the situation of stepless capacity regulation. The valve dynamics equation, gas forces for normal and back flow, and the cylinder pressure varying with suction valve unloader moment during compression thermal cycle are discussed. A new valve dynamic model based on L-K real gas state equation for reciprocating compressor is first deduced to reduce the calculation errors induced by the ideal gas state equation. The variations of valve dynamic and cylinder pressure during part of compression stroke are calculated numerically. The calculation results reveal the non-normal thermal cycle and operation condition of compressor in stepless capacity regulation situation. The numerical simulation results of the valve dynamic and thermal cycle parameters are also verified by the stepless capacity regulation experiments in the type of 3L-10/8 reciprocating compressor. The experimental results agree with the numerical simulation results, which show that the theoretical models proposed are effective and high-precision. The proposed theoretical models build the theoretical foundation to design the real stepless capacity regulation system.

Effects of Deposition Models on Deposition and Performance Deterioration in Axial Compressor Cascade

A new particle deposition model, namely partial deposition model, is developed in order to improve the accuracy of prediction to particle deposition. Concepts of critical velocity and critical angle are proposed and used to determine whether particles are deposited or not. The comparison of numerical results calculated by partial deposition model and existing deposition model shows that the deposition distribution obtained by partial deposition model is more reasonable. Based on the predicted deposition results, the change of total pressure loss coefficient with operating time and the distribution of pressure coefficients on blade surface after 500 hours are predicted by using partial deposition model.

Modelling Design and Test of Steam Centrifugal Compressor

This paper discusses the modeling design and accuracy analysis of a single stage steam centrifugal compressor for China′S first seawater desalinization plant, and gives a brief presentation on the closed loop vapour test platform designed and constructed for qualification of the compress or for performance and operational reliability, and results of tests run with the compressor. Both tests and actual operation show the modeling design is successful, and the compressor achieved and exceeded what was expected in performance. The seawater desalinization plant has run with excellent performance and reliability for several years for the national seawater desalinization demonstration program. This proves it is practical and practicable to develop and design China′s steam centrifugal compressors in series from air centrifugal compressors by maintaining equal specific volume ratio at both inlet and outlet of the compressor.

STUDY ON THERMODYNAMIC MODEL OF A COMPRESSOR WITH ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS

A new compressor thermodynamic model is set up. Artificial neural networks(ANN) which have self adjusting functions are adopted to calculate volumetric efficiency and electrical efficiency of a compressor. The new compressor model composed of the theoretical model and ANN reaches more precise results than traditional ones. Furthermore, the new compressor model is of better flexibility in a large scale.

Design optimization of transonic compressor stage using CFD and response surface model

In order to shorten the design period, the paper describes a new optimization strategy for computationally expensive design optimization of turbomachinery, combined with design of experiment (DOE), response surface models (RSM), genetic algorithm (GA) and a 3-D Navier-Stokes solver(Numeca Fine). Data points for response evaluations were selected by improved distributed hypercube sampling (IHS) and the 3-D Navier-Stokes analysis was carried out at these sample points. The quadratic response surface model was used to approximate the relationships between the design variables and flow parameters. To maximize the adiabatic efficiency, the genetic algorithm was applied to the response surface model to perform global optimization to achieve the optimum design of NASA Stage 35. An optimum leading edge line was found, which produced a new 3-D rotor blade combined with sweep and lean, and a new stator one with skew. It is concluded that the proposed strategy can provide a reliable method for design optimization of turbomachinery blades at reasonable computing cost.

多级压缩机气阀寿命评估与极限含水量预测

针对目前油田天然气回注具有介质含水多、压力高且变化范围宽等特点,多级往复式压缩机容易产生水击破坏,如何预测极限含水量以有效防止水击是亟需解决的关键问题。采用计算流体力学方法,数值模拟并分析了多级压缩机注入湿气条件下各级气阀阀片的动力学特性,得到了不同天然气含水量的气阀阀片载荷分布。进一步结合nCode计算疲劳,预测了多级压缩机气阀服役寿命与极限含水量。JGC-4型压缩机模拟计算结果表明:随着进气含水量增大,压缩机排气压力提高,气缸内不断析出水滴,致使水击产生,且对高压级影响更为显著,压缩机整机进气含水体积分数上限为0.43%。研究结果可为多级往复式压缩机的应用提供技术支撑。

考虑叶片造型的压气机流动稳定性模型研究进展

压气机实际稳定裕度是否达到指标直接决定了发动机是否可以投入使用.目前的压气机气动设计体系中缺乏一种高效、准确的评估失稳边界的工具,导致在设计定型后依然存在实际稳定裕度不足的风险.因此迫切需要发展快速可靠的压气机稳定性预测工具以供设计阶段使用.现代航空压气机叶片的气动设计朝着三维精细化方向发展,如何在设计阶段考虑叶片三维造型的变化对稳定性的影响愈发关键.传统的激盘/半激盘模型难以精细捕捉到三维叶片造型对流动稳定性的影响,而非定常数值模拟方法对计算资源的消耗在压气机设计阶段难以承受.为了在精细考虑叶片造型影响的同时提高计算效率,为气动设计阶段提供稳定性评估工具,本团队首先在2013年提出了叶轮机流动稳定性通用理论,通过分布式叶片力源项建模考虑复杂叶片造型的影响,通过系统特征值描述流动稳定性.继而针对不同的预测目标和应用条件,发展了3种简化模型:子午面模型、流线模型和径向展开模型.其中子午面模型能够准确刻画叶尖间隙、叶片掠和叶片加载方式等关键设计参数对流动稳定性的影响,为设计阶段提供了一种可靠的失稳边界预测工具;流线模型可以快速评估展向各条流线系统的流动稳定性,并定量地给出流动稳定性最为薄弱的区域,从而有针对性地指导叶片扩稳设计;径向展开模型可以快速地预测离心压气机的流动失稳点,定量评估离心压气机流动稳定性.以上模型可以应用于压气机气动设计体系,为设计定型的压气机提供了可靠的稳定性评估方法,为压气机气动/稳定性一体化设计提供了技术储备.

船用柴油机均值模型建模及仿真研究

柴油机模型的研究是探究柴油机性能、实现虚拟仿真的基础,可缩短仿真计算时间、有效节约柴油机开发成本。本文以RK270柴油机为研究对象,使用GT-POWER软件建立稳态性能仿真模型,在此基础上,采用仿真精度高、计算速度快的平均值法,以C++语言建立柴油机平均值模型,并归纳通用的平均值模型建模标定校核流程;提出二元响应拟合的方法,解决了涡轮增压器特性参数处理困难的问题,并借助数学工具,获得了压气机主要工作区域内拟合精度较高的模型。完成模型开发后,分析了8组工况下的仿真结果,通过误差分析,验证了模型的准确性,丰富完善了柴油机建模理论和方法,可应用于实时控制模型的动态仿真或者实现与船舶动力系统的交互。

适用过程模拟的等熵多级压缩机模块开发

基于国产化工过程模拟软件,开发了针对具有多流股中间级进出料的等熵多级压缩机单元模块。首先建立了多级串联等熵压缩和中间换热的数学模型以及求解步骤,然后利用面向对象的C++语言和COM组件技术开发了等熵多级压缩机模块,最后采用轻烃压缩、催化裂化装置的富气压缩等工段的实际数据校验模块计算准确性。结果表明,压缩机功率与冷凝器热负荷平均相对偏差分别为0.80%和0.39%,压缩机出口物流组成平均相对偏差分别为0.77%和0.73%,压缩机出口物流流量与密度平均相对偏差分别为0.15%和0.46%。实际案例验证表明,模拟结果与工业实际值吻合良好,说明等熵多级压缩机模块稳定可靠,对化工流程中气体压缩过程的模拟计算具有重要的指导作用。

适用流程模拟的压缩机模块开发

基于国产化工流程模拟软件开发了压缩机计算模块。首先建立了压缩机的五种数学模型以及求解步骤,然后利用面向对象的C++语言和COM中间件技术开发了压缩机计算模块,最后采用乙烯裂解装置的实际数据对模块计算准确性进行校验。结果表明,五种模型中压缩机功率平均相对偏差为0.43%,压缩机出口物流温度和密度平均相对偏差分别为0.12%和0.02%。模拟结果与工业实际值吻合良好,说明所建立的压缩机计算模块稳定可靠,将对化工流程中气体压缩过程的模拟计算具有重要的指导作用。

基于混合深度学习的压气机喘振快速诊断及自抗扰控制方法

[目的]为了提升压气机设备安全、稳定运行的水平,提出一种基于混合深度学习参数辨识的喘振状态快速诊断方法,以及一种用于实现压气机退喘的自抗扰控制策略。[方法]首先,采用长短期记忆神经网络(LSTM)处理压气机参数辨识输入输出数据的时序关系,并融入高斯过程回归(GPR)的区间概率估计能力,提出一种基于LSTM和GPR结合(LSTM-GPR)的混合深度学习参数辨识算法,进而实现对压气机喘振状态的快速诊断;然后,基于自抗扰控制方法对压气机的节流阀参数进行控制,通过控制量对压气机节流阀参数的补偿,实现对压气机喘振状态的准确控制。[结果]结果表明,混合深度学习参数辨识算法可以实现对压气机临界Greitzer参数的准确辨识,能快速、准确地判断出压气机是否处于喘振状态,并且基于自抗扰控制的控制策略,可以使压气机有效退出喘振状态,相比传统的PID控制和非线性反馈控制等控制方法,所提方法快速、有效,可保证压气机的工作范围。[结论]提出的参数辨识和自抗扰控制方法能够用于压气机的喘振诊断和主动控制,可提升压气机的安全性与稳定性。

压气机叶片激光熔化沉积修复的机器人路径自动规划和试验研究

针对航空发动机TC17高压压气机叶片服役损伤后的修复问题,本文基于工业机器人的激光熔化沉积路径生成策略,提出使用模型布尔运算来分析叶片损伤区域,并在RobotStudio离线编程软件中嵌入二次开发插件分别生成Zigzag轴向扫描、中心线偏移扫描和边缘螺旋扫描路径。路径的仿真和沉积形貌分析表明,在设定扫描速度5 mm/s、沉积层厚度0.3 mm、搭接率50%时,中心线偏移扫描在95.97%时间内保持速度稳定,折返点处的速度下降幅度更小,同时沉积后表面高度接近0.3 mm,高度波动方差更小,保持了较高的平整度。此外,矩形平板区域的沉积模拟和试验表明,类似Zigzag扫描的连续路径可以显著降低成形表面的残余应力。

An improved deviation model for transonic stages in axial compressors

Deviation model is an important model for through-flow analysis in axial compressors.Theoretical analysis in classical deviation models is developed under the assumption of onedimensional flow,which is controlled by the continuity equation.To consider three-dimensional characteristics in transonic flow,this study proposes an improved theoretical analysis method combining force analysis of the blade-to-blade flow with conventional analysis of the continuity equation.Influences of shock structures on transverse force,streamwise velocity and streamline curvature in the blade-to-blade flow are analyzed,and support the analytical modelling of density flow ratio between inlet and outlet conditions.Thus,a novel deviation model for transonic stages in axial compressors is proposed in this paper.The empirical coefficients are corrected based on the experimental data of a linear cascade,and the prediction accuracy is validated with the experimental data of a three-stage transonic compressor.The novel model provides accurate predictions for meridional flow fields at the design point and performance curves at design speed,and shows obvious improvements on classical models by Carter and C¸etin.

耦合空压机通路的商用车进气噪声仿真分析

为了对商用车的进气管口噪声进行预测,提出了空压机通路一维仿真模型建立方法,建立空压机-发动机耦合仿真模型,在主要阶次噪声频率点处对噪声频率和噪声幅值进行准确预测,同时对来自空压机和发动机的阶次噪声进行识别。利用耦合模型研究了空压机通路的噪声特点以及在该通路上的降噪措施与效果。结果表明,空压机噪声有着典型的脉冲噪声特点,在处理该种类型的噪声时,不同种类消声器的布置顺序会对最终的消声效果产生明显影响。

R134a制冷机组中压缩机和回热器性能的试验研究

为研究R134a制冷机组中压缩机和回热器运转性能,以制冷机组运行压比为调节变量,使用压缩机排气温度、功耗、等熵效率、机组制冷量及系统能效比COP为评价指标,采用单一变量法对两元件运转性能进行测试。试验运行中,主要通过控制制冷机组蒸发温度、冷凝温度实现压缩机压比的调节。结果表明:压缩机排气温度、功耗随压缩机压比的增加而增大,机组制冷量、COP及压缩机等熵效率随压缩机压比的增加而减小;压缩机功耗与蒸发温度呈负相关,而其他性能指标与蒸发温度呈正相关。根据试验数据揭示压缩机等熵效率与压缩机压比之间的内在联系,所获取模型可实现压缩机等熵效率的高精度预测,预测平均误差约为0.45%。基于试验数据对比分析了回热器应用前后压缩机功耗、机组性能的变化趋势,除回热器在低压比工况下可明显提升机组制冷量外,在大部分工况下回热器可通过降低压缩机功耗提升机组整体性能。

An axisymmetric characteristic model for enhancing prediction of centrifugal compressor characteristics

Rapid and accurate determination of compressor characteristic maps is essential for the initial design of centrifugal compressors in aircraft power systems. The accuracy of existing methodologies, which rely on combinations of loss models, varies significantly depending on the compressor's geometry and operational range. This variance necessitates substantial experimental or Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD) data for coefficient calibration. To address this challenge, this study presents an axisymmetric characteristic model for compressor performance assessment. This model incorporates the factors of blade angle, meridional passage area, and the radial deflection angle of meridional streamlines of the compressor. These factors are derived from fundamental aerodynamic equations encompassing mass, momentum, and energy conservation of the compressor. In contrast to conventional one-dimensional approaches, the proposed method reduces the number of loss coefficients and more effectively accounts for the impact of geometric alterations on centrifugal compressor properties. Furthermore, the model reduces dependence on experimental and CFD data. Efficacy of the model is validated using experimental data from four distinct types of centrifugal compressors. Correlation analysis reveals that the model's coefficients can be expressed as functions of the ratio of the Reynolds number to the impeller tip speed. This ratio serves as a characteristic parameter for the design and optimization of centrifugal compressors. Consequently, the proposed method offers an efficient and accurate means for the quick computation of centrifugal compressor characteristics. This is of great significance for improving the efficiency of centrifugal compressors and reducing energy consumption.

基于Modelica和Dymola的压气机系统的建模与仿真方法

基于压气机性能方程推导出一种新的压气机级的数学模型,并在这一模型基础上用Modelica语言和Dymola编译器建立了计算机仿真模型,编成了压气机系统仿真程序。还描述了压气机仿真程序建模系统和面向对象的体系结构,介绍了压气机系统特性分析的应用例子,并进行了仿真验证。结果表明,采用建立的仿真模型能够用来模拟压气机性能。

氢燃料电池用气浮离心空压机实验与模拟研究

气浮轴承离心空压机具有无油、高效、低成本、轻量化和动态响应性好等优点,已成为车载氢燃料电池空压机的最佳选择。本文介绍了自主研发的额定压比2.8、质量流量130g/s、转速88000r/min、功率22kW的两级气浮轴承离心空压机,用于匹配电堆功率130kW的车载氢燃料电池。在离心空压机气动性能试验台上测试了空压机在60000~95000r/min范围内的气动性能,同时构建了离心空压机的泄漏通流模型并对其进行了数值模拟,最后将模拟结果与实验数据进行了对比分析。研究结果表明,该离心空压机在实验时最大转速达95000r/min,最大绝热效率可达77.04%。

基于HYSYS的往复式天然气压缩机橇数字孪生系统

针对海上平台电驱往复式天然气压缩机橇工艺机理分析映射难、运行监测不够全面、智能化运维水平较低等问题,创建了一套基于HYSYS机理模型的整橇数字孪生系统。设计了数字孪生系统驱动方法,为HYSYS机理模型的输入参数采集和计算结果映射,以及系统的数据循环传输和功能执行提供理论基础。针对整体建模较为复杂的整橇天然气2级压缩流程进行了简化,并以此为基础进行了HYSYS软件仿真模型构建,将HYSYS模型冷却水流量的仿真计算结果与设备设计性能参数进行分析对比,验证了模型的映射性能。基于MySQL数据库和MATLAB编程构建了HYSYS与数据库的通信接口。搭建了数字孪生系统可视化软件操作平台,配套了硬件系统并进行了功能验证和有效性、实时性测试。研究结果表明:基于HYSYS机理模型的整橇数字孪生系统可实时有效地实现天然气2级压缩流程较为全面的状态参数计算、在线监测和工艺机理分析映射。

基于流线曲率法的超临界二氧化碳离心压缩机通流计算方法

超临界二氧化碳(S-CO_(2))的真实气体特性使得开展S-CO_(2)离心压缩机的三维数值模拟难以获得稳定的收敛结果,同时,数值计算的时间成本进一步增加了压缩机设计优化的难度。对此,本文首先对压缩机开展三维数值模拟,得到流场信息及对应的损失分布,然后在传统流线曲率法中叠加一维损失模型,并沿流线分段计算CO_(2)压缩因子,以此反映真实气体的压缩过程,建立适用于S-CO_(2)离心压缩机的通流计算方法。将通流计算结果与三维数值模拟结果进行对比后发现:流线曲率法得到的子午面相对速度场分布和焓分布与计算流体动力学(computational fluid dynamics,CFD)结果基本一致;叶片出口温压数据与CFD结果接近,误差分别为0.23%和1.08%,总静等熵效率相差1.5%。结果表明,采用流线曲率法的通流计算可以快速获得较准确的S-CO_(2)离心压缩机叶轮性能参数。