Numerical Analysis of Bacterial Meningitis Stochastic Delayed Epidemic Model through Computational Methods

Based on theWorld Health Organization(WHO),Meningitis is a severe infection of the meninges,the membranes covering the brain and spinal cord.It is a devastating disease and remains a significant public health challenge.This study investigates a bacterial meningitis model through deterministic and stochastic versions.Four-compartment population dynamics explain the concept,particularly the susceptible population,carrier,infected,and recovered.The model predicts the nonnegative equilibrium points and reproduction number,i.e.,the Meningitis-Free Equilibrium(MFE),and Meningitis-Existing Equilibrium(MEE).For the stochastic version of the existing deterministicmodel,the twomethodologies studied are transition probabilities and non-parametric perturbations.Also,positivity,boundedness,extinction,and disease persistence are studiedrigorouslywiththe helpofwell-known theorems.Standard and nonstandard techniques such as EulerMaruyama,stochastic Euler,stochastic Runge Kutta,and stochastic nonstandard finite difference in the sense of delay have been presented for computational analysis of the stochastic model.Unfortunately,standard methods fail to restore the biological properties of the model,so the stochastic nonstandard finite difference approximation is offered as an efficient,low-cost,and independent of time step size.In addition,the convergence,local,and global stability around the equilibria of the nonstandard computational method is studied by assuming the perturbation effect is zero.The simulations and comparison of the methods are presented to support the theoretical results and for the best visualization of results.

Instability analysis of unsymmetrical rotor-bearing systems

This paper presents the instability analysis of unsymmetrical rotor bearing system in accordance with the Campbell diagrams of the system, and concludes that the unstable regions stay in high speed regions with the increase of supporting stiffness and they decrease or disappear with the decrease of the inequality diametrical moments of the inertia and stiffness of shaft.

Stability Analysis of q-axis Rotor Flux Based Model Reference Adaptive System Updating Rotor Time Constant in Induction Motor Drives

q-axis rotor flux can be chosen to form a model reference adaptive system(MRAS)updating rotor time constant online in induction motor drives.This paper presents a stability analysis of such a system with Popov’s hyperstability concept and small-signal linearization technique.At first,the stability of q-axis rotor flux based MRAS is proven with Popov’s Hyperstability theory.Then,to find out the guidelines for optimally designing the coefficients in the PI controller,acting as the adaption mechanism in the MRAS,small-signal model of the estimation system is developed.The obtained linearization model not only allows the stability to be verified further through Routh criterion,but also reveals the distribution of the characteristic roots,which leads to the clue to optimal PI gains.The theoretical analysis and the resultant design guidelines of the adaptation PI gains are verified through simulation and experiments.

Rock-soil slope stability analysis by two-phase random media and finite elements

To investigate the strong random nature of the geometric interfaces between soil and rock, a rock-soil slope is considered as a two-phase random medium. A nonlinear translation of a Gaussian field is utilized to simulate the two-phase random media, such that the soil(or rock) volume fraction and the inclination of the soil layer can be examined. The finite element method with random media incorporated as the material properties is used to determine the factor of safety of the rock-soil slope. Monte-Carlo simulations are used to estimate the statistical characteristics of the factor of safety. The failure mode of the rock-soil slope is examined by observing the maximum principal plastic strain at incipient slope failure. It is found that the critical surface of a rock-soil slope is fairly irregular, and it significantly differs from that of a pure soil slope. The factor of safety is sensitive to the soil volume faction, but it is predictable. The average factor of safety could be well predicted by the weighted harmonic average between the strength of soil and rock; the prediction model is practical and simple. Parametric studies on the inclination of the soil layer demonstrate that the most instable scenario occurs when the slope angle is consistent with the inclination of the soil layer.

Dynamic Evolutionary Game-based Modeling,Analysis and Performance Enhancement of Blockchain Channels

The recent development of channel technology has promised to reduce the transaction verification time in blockchain operations.When transactions are transmitted through the channels created by nodes,the nodes need to cooperate with each other.If one party refuses to do so,the channel is unstable.A stable channel is thus required.Because nodes may show uncooperative behavior,they may have a negative impact on the stability of such channels.In order to address this issue,this work proposes a dynamic evolutionary game model based on node behavior.This model considers various defense strategies'cost and attack success ratio under them.Nodes can dynamically adjust their strategies according to the behavior of attackers to achieve their effective defense.The equilibrium stability of the proposed model can be achieved.The proposed model can be applied to general channel networks.It is compared with two state-of-the-art blockchain channels:Lightning network and Spirit channels.The experimental results show that the proposed model can be used to improve a channel's stability and keep it in a good cooperative stable state.Thus its use enables a blockchain to enjoy higher transaction success ratio and lower transaction transmission delay than the use of its two peers.

Stability Analysis on Rotor Systems Supported by Self-acting Tilting-pad Gas Bearings with Frequency Effects

The recent research on stability of gas bearing-rotor systems still mostly adopts the same method as in oil-lubricated bearing-rotor systems.The dynamic coefficients of gas bearings in the case that the perturbation frequencies are same as the rotating speed are used to carry out the stability analysis of rotor systems.This method does not contact the frequency characteristics of dynamic stiffness and damping coefficients of gas bearings with the dynamical behaviors of rotor systems.Furthermore,the effects of perturbation frequencies on the stability of systems are not taken into account.In this paper,the dynamic stiffness and damping coefficients of tilting-pad gas bearings are calculated by the partial derivative method.On the base of solution of dynamic coefficients,two computational models are produced for stability analysis on rotor systems supported by tilting-pad gas bearings according to whether the degrees of the freedom of pads tilting motions are included in the equations of motion or not.In the condition of considering the frequency effects of dynamic coefficients of tilting-pad gas bearings,the corresponding eigenvalues of the rigid and first five vibration modes of the system with the working speeds of 8-30 kr/min are computed through iteratively solving the equations of motion of rotor-system by using two computational models,respectively.According to the obtained eigenvalues,the stability of rotor system is analyzed.The results indicate that the eigenvalues and the stability of rotor system obtained by these two computational models are well agreement each other.They all can more accurately analyze the stability of rotor systems supported by tilting-pad gas bearings.This research has important meaning for perfecting the stability analysis method of rotor systems supported by gas bearings.

Structure and Dynamic Characters of New Radar Stabilized Platform

Aimed at requirements, a kind of radar stabilized platform with external rotor and orthogonal shafts is designed. Its dynamic characters are analyzed by using finite element theory and ANSYS software. Also, a traditional stabilized platform with inner rotor is designed for comparison. It is shown that the new platform reduces two transmission links and 20% of precise components, its weight decreases by 20%, its natural frequency and rigidity are enlarged, the operating accuracy and stationary are increased. The new stabilized platform is more superiority and practicability. Its design method and analysis results have already been used in development mission. It provides helpful reference for similar structure designs.

Effects of swirl brake axial arrangement on the leakage performance and rotor stability of labyrinth seals

Swirl brakes are usually introduced at the seal entrance in industry to improve the seal stability,especially for labyrinth seals suffering low seal clearance and high inlet preswirl ratio.However,how to arrange swirl brakes at the seal entrance to obtain better seal stability retains unknown,such as the axial distance between the brake trailing edge and the first tooth.To this end,the effects of the distance between brakes and the first tooth on the leakage flow rate and seal rotordynamic coefficients were numerically investigated at typical inlet preswirl ratios of 0.45 and0.8,and the predicted results were in comparison with the results for no-brake configuration.The obtained results disclose that the brake configuration arranged against the first tooth produces lower circumferential velocity in the downstream of the brakes as a result of the larger counterclockwise vortex moving from the brake trailing edge to the brake leading edge when compared to the brake configuration away from the first tooth.Besides,the dropped circumferential velocity in the downstream of brakes will cause larger pressure fluctuation in the circumferential direction and thus generates larger tangential force to restrain the rotor forward whirl.On the other hand,the effective damping is further increased when the distance between brakes and the first tooth decreases to zero,that is,the crossover frequency is even disappeared at the inlet preswirl ratio of 0.45 and successfully drops from 69.9 Hz to 32.7 Hz at the preswirl ratio of 0.8.

Computational analysis of triplex formation of oligonucleotides:protonated and 5-methylated py-pu-py motif

A triple helix composed of three dodecanucleotides,5'-d(TC)6,5-(AG)6 and 3'-d(TC)6 with each containing a methylcytosme or a protonated-cylosine,was examined in terms of various interactions Computational malvsis of the stability of triplex formation was consistent with the experimental observations.The Hoogsleen hase among interaction was increased through substitution of 5-methylcytosme for cytosme and/or protonation The inter-woon between water molecules and DNA triplex was visualized in terms,of the end-to-end distance change of each trand The chain length was reduced by about 7 5%-16 2% due to the screening effect In addition,as the screening fleer nerenises,Hoogsteen base pairs appear to be stable in triplex formation.Our computational results also show this the effect of protonated- and methylated cytosme on the stability of triplex formation was due to the change of the beerostanis mteractions rather than the surface stacking interaction

Aeroelastic analysis and structural parametric design of composite rotor blade

Based on FEM theory,a method of dynamic analysis for hingeless rotors considering anisotropic composite materials is established.A parametric modeling method of composite blade with typical profile and high simulation degree for design is proposed.Through the finite element method,the profile characteristics of rotor blade can be obtained efficiently and accurately,and the synchronization of parametric design and finite element analysis of structural characteristics can be realized.Then a 23-degrees of freedom non-linear beam element is used to simulate the extended one-dimensional beam,thereby a nonlinear differential equation describing the elastic motion of the rotor is established.To obtain the crosssectional target characteristics of the blades,an inverse design method is proposed for cross-section components based on combinatorial optimization algorithm.The calculation and validation work show that the proposed model can effectively analyze the aeroelastic characteristics of general composite rotors.Further,the influence of cross-sectional parameters on the aeroelastic stability and hub loads of hingeless rotor is analyzed and some remarkable conclusions are obtained.

Computation Method for the Real-Time Control Problems in Differential-Algebraic Systems

In this paper, a real-time computation method for the control problems in differential-algebraic systems is presented. The errors of the method are estimated, and the relation between the sampling stepsize and the controlled errors is analyzed. The stability analysis is done for a model problem, and the stability region is ploted which gives the range of the sampling stepsizes with which the stability of control process is guaranteed.

Finite element analysis of dynamic stability of bearingless rotor

Dynamic stability equations of bearingless rotor blades were investigated using a simplified model.The aerodynamic loads of blades were evaluated using two-dimensional airfoil theory.Perturbation equations were obtained by linearization of the perturbation.A normal-mode approach was used to transform the equations expressed by nodal degrees of freedom into equations expressed by modal degrees of freedom,which can reduce the dimension of the equations.The stability results of rotor blades were presented using eigenvalue analysis.The shape function matrix was obtained using spline interpolation,which simplified the analysis and made assembly of the inertial matrix,damping matrix,and stiffness matrix a simple mathematical summation.The results indicate that the method is efficient and greatly simplifies the analysis.

A new method for judging the computational stability of the difference schemes of nonlinear evolution equations

For the non-conservative difference schemes of nonlinear evolution equations with aperiodic boundary conditions, taken one-dimensional nonlinear advection equation as an example, a new method for judging the computational stability is given. It is proved to be practical and effective through several numerical examples. The stability criteria obtained by this method are really the necessary conditions of computational stability.

Conceptual design and optimization of a tilt-rotor micro air vehicle

The conceptual design and optimization of a tilt-rotor Micro Air Vehicle(MAV) for a well-defined mission are performed. The objective of this design cycle is to decrease the design time in order to efficiently create a functional tilt-rotor drone. A flight mission is firstly defined for a tiltrotor MAV performing hovering and cruise flight scenarios. Secondly, a complex wing shape is chosen and modeled in order to determine the final shape. The initial shape is scaled in order to acquire an arbitrary wingspan of one meter. For the specific area and wingspan, the aspect ratio of the designed wing shape is found to be equal to 2.32. Thirdly, a constraint analysis of the MAV is performed by using an energy balance analysis for six different flight scenarios. This analysis yields the required power loading and wing loading. Fourthly, the weight of the vehicle is estimated using both statistical and computational methods. After estimating the total weight and the wing loading of the MAV, the surface of the wing is determined, yielding a final wingspan of 0.76 m. Subsequently, considering the total weight of the designed MAV, the needed lift coefficient is determined.Fifthly, using the lift coefficient in conjunction with XLFR5, a batch of airfoils is selected and analyzed to evaluate the aerodynamic coefficients of the wing with each airfoil. This analysis ultimately leads to the optimum airfoil being selected. Finally, design of the fuselage and tail, internal components selection, and servo-mechanisms design are carried out prior to a stability analysis. All these proposed steps are needed to design efficient and functional tilt-rotor MAVs.

基于CFD的起重机机械臂屈曲稳定性分析

首先建立起重机机械臂结构的有限元模型,并将载荷施加到模型节点;其次运用计算流体动力学(Computational Fluid Dynamics,CFD)模拟实际流体情况,计算风载荷分布,通过气流模拟简化模型;最后进行起重机机械臂的屈曲稳定性分析。在结构性屈曲分析中,所有试件的屈曲载荷值均处于304~574 kN,在动态允许的最大起升载荷范围内;在非线性屈曲分析中,最大应力值为113.5 MPa,最小应力值为-2.0 MPa;在线性屈曲分析中,当载荷达到80 kN时,起重机机械臂的位移达到最大,此时机械臂已接近其极限承载能力。通过屈曲稳定性分析,得出起重机机械臂具有较为稳定的特性的结论。

不对称弱电网下双馈风机系统的稳定性评估及正负序虚拟转子电感控制策略

不对称弱电网下,双馈风机与电网之间存在着复杂且剧烈的交互作用,严重影响风机运行的稳定性以及向电网输送功率的能力。针对该问题,建立了双馈风机系统源荷耦合的单输入单输出(SISO)等效模型,分析了系统失稳机理,特别是探明了正序有功电流、电网不对称故障深度等因素对稳定性的作用规律。提出了正负序虚拟转子电感控制策略,厘清了虚拟转子电感参数对系统稳定性的作用机理,并据此给出了参数整定依据,有效提升了双馈风机系统在弱电网下的稳定运行能力。理论分析表明所提模型大幅减小了稳定性分析时间,仿真及实验验证了理论分析结果的正确性和正负序虚拟转子电感控制策略的有效性。

双重三要素型转子吸振器抑振性能的稳定性分析

利用转子动力学方法对双重三要素型吸振器-转子系统进行动力学建模,并基于局部灵敏度分析法建立了灵敏度评价模型,分析了最优抑振性能对吸振器参数、不平衡力、安装位置的灵敏度,探讨了吸振器抑振性能的稳定性。结果显示:当参数偏离系数为-0.35时,最优抑振性能对两个单体吸振器质量的灵敏度分别为0.54和0.36,而对串联刚度的灵敏度仅为0.03和0.12。整体上看,固有频率较大的单体吸振器的参数灵敏度系数相对较小。不平衡力增大时,系数均为正值。存在安装位置误差的情况下,吸振器使用时的安装位置若靠近优化时的安装位置,其灵敏度系数降低至0.05;而远离时,灵敏度系数提高至1.58。因此,在吸振器的参数中,质量对最优抑振性能的稳定性影响最大,而串联刚度的影响最小。固有频率较小的单体吸振器的参数对稳定性影响较大。使用安装位置距离优化时的安装位置越接近,其稳定性越高。

一种低压无导叶对转涡轮特性分析与设计

为获得高载荷无低压级导叶对转涡轮气动设计规律,以一个流量5·25kg/s,膨胀比5·69,高低压涡轮转速均为2·5×104r/min的高效超跨声对转涡轮作设计实例,从基元级分析、通流设计和全三维数值模拟三个部分研究了对转涡轮在取消低压级导叶后出现的诸多新特征给气动设计带来的困难及相应采取措施。设计与分析结果表明,在相同气动设计参数条件下对转涡轮比传统涡轮效率高1·77%。对转涡轮设计关键问题是在合理选择主流参数后,解决高压涡轮动叶既作功又整流双重功能。

暂态稳定多故障协调预防控制策略在线计算方法

提出一种电力系统暂态稳定多故障约束预防控制策略计算方法。通过预想故障位置拓扑分析,对失稳故障进行解耦;依据故障严重程度制定合适的多故障调整时序,将多个故障约束的预防控制问题分解成若干个单一故障的稳定控制决策问题,最终得到满足所有暂态稳定约束的预防控制调整策略。调整过程兼顾预防控制的经济性。结合并行计算技术,使算法具备在线应用可行性。仿真算例证明了所提控制策略计算方法的正确性。

考虑变频器特性的变速恒频双馈风力发电机组控制策略的研究与仿真

以并网型变速恒频风电机组中双馈发电机的运行特性及连接于发电机转子部分的脉宽调制(PWM)控制的电压源型交—直—交变频器的结构和机理为基础,在假设变频器采用理想开关器件,即忽略电子器件的换相重叠、损耗,并只考虑变频器直流电容充放电的动态过程而不计频率调节的动态变化过程的前提下,提出了基于定子磁场旋转坐标系统下的变速恒频风电机组电气控制部分的控制策略并设计了相应的 PI控制器。同时基于 MATLAB 软件建立了变速恒频双馈风力发电机组的仿真模型,并以渐变风和随机风模式为例,针对提出的控制策略对变速恒频双馈风力发电机组的并网运行特性进行了仿真研究,仿真结果表明了该控制策略的合理性及控制器设计的有效性,同时也说明了双馈发电机在保证有功输出的情况下能够有效地调节无功功率,保证变速恒频风电机组的稳定运行。