Study of the intrinsic mechanisms of nickel additive for grain refinement and strength enhancement of laser aided additively manufactured Ti–6Al–4V

It is well-known that grain refiners can tailor the microstructure and enhance the mechanical properties of titanium alloys fabricated by additive manufacturing(AM). However, the intrinsic mechanisms of Ni addition on AM-built Ti–6Al–4V alloy is not well established. This limits its industrial applications. This work systematically investigated the influence of Ni additive on Ti–6Al–4V alloy fabricated by laser aided additive manufacturing(LAAM). The results showed that Ni addition yields three key effects on the microstructural evolution of LAAM-built Ti–6Al–4V alloy.(a) Ni additive remarkably refines the prior-β grains, which is due to the widened solidification range. As the Ni addition increased from 0 to 2.5 wt. %, the major-axis length and aspect ratio of the prior-β grains reduced from over 1500 μm and 7 to 97.7 μm and1.46, respectively.(b) Ni additive can discernibly induce the formation of globular α phase,which is attributed to the enhanced concentration gradient between the β and α phases. This is the driving force of globularization according to the termination mass transfer theory. The aspect ratio of the α laths decreased from 4.14 to 2.79 as the Ni addition increased from 0 to2.5 wt. %.(c) Ni as a well-known β-stabilizer and it can remarkably increase the volume fraction of β phase. Room-temperature tensile results demonstrated an increase in mechanical strength and an almost linearly decreasing elongation with increasing Ni addition. A modified mathematical model was used to quantitatively analyze the strengthening mechanism. It was evident from the results that the α lath phase and the solid solutes contribute the most to the overall yield strength of the LAAM-built Ti–6Al–4V–x Ni alloys in this work. Furthermore, the decrease in elongation with increasing Ni addition is due to the deterioration in deformability of the β phase caused by a large amount of solid-solution Ni atoms. These findings can accelerate the development of additively manufactured titanium alloys.

Enhancing Operational Efficiency: Exploring the Integration of SOPs Using Virtual Reality and Smart Glasses Technology in Food Manufacturing

This paper explores the integration of Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) using virtual reality and smart glasses technology in food manufacturing. The study employs a thorough methodology, combining observational insights to develop a comprehensive SOP. Implementation at different firms resulted in significant improvements, reducing product waste and enhancing overall efficiency. The use of virtual reality further augments SOP adoption. The findings underscore SOPs’ transformative influence, offering a tangible solution to challenges in the food production sector. Recommendations include regular SOP reviews and ongoing training for sustained success. Different firms exemplify SOPs as indispensable tools for operational excellence.

B&R Seminar on Equipment Manufacturing Standardization

SAC organized a seminar on equipment manufacturing standardization for the standardization officers in countries along the Belt and Road from June9 to 29 to further facilitate the connectivity of policies,rules and standards and better serve the national Belt and Road Initiative.

China and Germany further boost intelligent manufacturing standardization

The 5th Meeting of Sino-German Standardization Sub-working Group on Intelligent Manufacturing/Industry 4.0 was held in Hangzhou,capital of east China’s Zhejiang province from December 3 to 4,2017,bringing together over 90 representatives of both countries.

MANUFACTURING SERVICE SYSTEM BASED ON WEB SERVICES FOR PARALLEL KINEMATICS MACHINES

Parallel kinematics machine （PKM） is advantageous over the serial machine tools in processing the complex-surface products. A manufacturing service system for PKM is developed to provide the services of the complex-surface machining for potential geographically-dispersed manufacturing enterprises. In order to easily in- tegrate the external system, Web services are used to encapsulate post-processing functions of PKM legacy sys- tems, including compilation, workspace calculation, interfere calibration, and kinematics transformation. A ser- vice-oriented architecture（SOA） is proposed for the cooperative work between the PKM system and its client. The workflow and the function module of this manufacturing service system are presented. An example shows that as a result of SOA and loose coupling, such a Web service-based manufacturing service system is easier to in- tegrate and interoperate with its client. Meanwhile, the system decreases the manufacturing cost and improves the efficiency than its former kind of distributed system.

A CAD EXPERT SYSTEM OF AIRCRAFT MANUFACTURING COORDINATION

讨论了工程CAD专家系统特点，提出其一般结构。为了解决如飞机制造协调等复杂工程问题，实现一种层次分布式CAD专家系统（HDES）结构。HDES由元级、任务级两个水平的分布式专家系统组成：任务级专家系统（T－ES）主要用于应用设计，它们在其自己的设计领域中执行；元级专家系统（M－ES）则处理合作。介绍了层次－框架－规则的专家系统组织表示方法。

Impact of Different Grinding Aids on Standard Deviation in X-Ray Fluorescence Analysis of Cement Raw Meal

X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis utilizes particle size which is resulted from milling of a material. The milling ensures uniform and fine grained powder. The finer and more uniform the particle size is, the better the result and easier it is for material quality control. To ensure uniformity in particle size and finer powder, a comparative analysis was conducted with different grinding aids and pressed pellet method was used in obtaining analysis results. Pressed pellets of cement raw meal sample milled with different grinding aids (graphite, aspirin and lithium borate) were subjected to XRF. Graphite produced better particle size uniformity with a corresponding standard deviation that made quality control of raw meal easier and better than aspirin and lithium borate.

Research on Digital Product Modeling Key Technologies of Digital Manufacturing

With the globalization and diversification of the market and the rapid development of Information Technology (IT) and Artificial Intelligence (AI),the digital revolution of manufacturing is coming.One of the key technologies in digital manufacturing is product digital modeling.This paper firstly analyzes the information and features of the product digital model during each stage in the product whole lifecycle,then researches on the three critical technologies of digital modeling in digital man- ufacturing-product modeling,standard for the exchange of product model data and digital product data management.And the potential signification of the product digital model during the process of digital manufacturing is concluded-product digital model integrates primary features of each stage during the product whole lifecycle based on graphic features,applies STEP as data ex- change mechanism,and establishes PDM system to manage the large amount,complicated and dynamic product data to implement the product digital model data exchange,sharing and integration.

An Integrated Geometric Modeling Methodology for 2.5D Cylindrical Prismatic Part for Computer Aided Process Planning

The field of solid modeling has created numerous techniques for unambiguous computer representations of three-dimensional objects. Its data structures and algorithms have been used in a broad range of applications: Computer-Aided Design and Computer-Aided Manufacturing (CAD/ CAM), robotics, computer vision, computer graphics and visualization, virtual reality, etc. This research paper is used to generate process plan from feature-based modeling, based on an integrated geometric modeling system that supports both feature-based modeling and information storage. Present system is developed only for milling components and limited to selective machining features for prismatic components and further implemented for more machining features to develop algorithms for modeling the components through the input of machining features. As a result, feature information is directly available to downstream activities, and feature extraction is no longer needed. The various systematic steps involved in this approach are study of Design, identification of Features, selection of Processes, Tools and Machines, Machining and Inspection [DFPTMMI]. Machining features generated in the design stage are recognized and stored under the Visual Basic control of CATIA software ActiveX interface. Algorithms are developed for individual features and these algorithms are embedded in Visual Basic forms. This system is discussed and suited for 2.5 Dimensional part approach, however, that can be extended to 3 dimensional prismatic part and complex features machining. Finally a process planning chart has been presented as a model process planning.

As Could We Assure Safety in Large-Scale Manufacturing of Nanoparticles for the Biomedical Use

Nanoparticles provide great advantages but also great risks. Risks associating with nanoparticles are the problem of all technologies, but they increase in many times in nanotechnologies. Adequate methods of outgoing production inspection are necessary to solve the problem of risks, and the inspection must be based on the safety standard. Existing safety standard results from a principle of “maximum permissible concentrations or MPC”. This principle is not applicable to nanoparticles, but a safety standard reflecting risks inherent in nanoparticles doesn’t exist. Essence of the risks is illustrated by the example from pharmacology, since its safety assurance is conceptually based on MPC and it has already come against this problem. Possible formula of safety standard for nanoparticles is reflected in many publications, but conventional inspection methods cannot provide its realization, and this gap is an obstacle to assumption of similar formulas. Therefore the development of nanoparticle industry as a whole (also development of the pharmacology in particular) is impossible without the creation of an adequate inspection method. There are suggested new inspection methods founded on the new physical principle and satisfying to the adequate safety standard for nanoparticles. These methods demonstrate that creation of the adequate safety standard and the outgoing production inspection in a large-scale manufacturing of nanoparticles are the solvable problems. However there is a great distance between the physical principle and its hardware realization, and a transition from the principle to the hardware demands great intellectual and material costs. Therefore it is desirable to call attention of the public at large to the necessity of urgent expansions of investigations associated with outgoing inspections in nanoparticles technologies. It is necessary also to attract attention, first, of representatives of state structures controlling approvals of the adequate safety standard to this problem, since it is impossible to compel producers providing the safety without the similar standard, and, second, of leaders of pharmacological industry, since their industry already entered into the nanotechnology era, and they have taken an interest in a forthcoming development of inspection methods.

Computer-Aided Design and Fabrication of Finger Prosthesis

Custom-made esthetic finger prostheses, which are used for rehabilitation of patients with missing or impaired fingers, have been fabricated manually. However, such fabrication is time-consuming and requires manual skill. Here we propose a computer-aided method for fabricating finger pros-theses to save time and allow fabrications that do not require considerable manual skill. In this method, the dimensions of a patient’s healthy finger on the contralateral hand are first measured using a caliper. Using these dimensions, a three-dimensional model is constructed for fabricating a prosthesis for the patient’s impaired finger. Using the 3D model, a mold is designed using 3D modeling tools and a computer-aided design system. The resulting mold is then fabricated using a 3D printer. A finger prosthesis is fabricated by pouring silicone resin into the mold. A finger prosthesis for a volunteer was experimentally fabricated according to the proposed method. To evaluate the size and shape of the finger prosthesis, the difference between the finger prosthesis and the original finger of the volunteer was analyzed. Because the average difference between them was 0.25 mm, it was concluded that the proposed method could be used to fabricate a finger prosthesis of adequate size and shape.

新一代含氟环保气体绿色制造标准体系的构建

新一代含氟环保气体是解决臭氧层消耗和全球变暖问题的新兴产品。本文针对当前新一代含氟环保气体绿色制造标准少、不全面、不系统等问题,分析了当前国内新一代含氟环保气体绿色制造标准发展存在的问题及标准化需求,提出了新一代含氟环保气体绿色制造标准体系框架,从新一代含氟环保气体绿色制造标准体系的发展现状、建立意义及构建等三个方面进行探讨。为新一代含氟环保气体绿色制造工作指明了方向,为新一代含氟环保气体绿色制造的管理和高质量发展提供了支持。

THE RESEARCH OF MANUFACTURING TOOLS(FIXTURES) PLANNING FOR ARMOURED FLEXIBLE CONVEYOR (AFC) USING CAD TECHNIQUE

The deepth and width of CAD application in coal mining equipments need promote furtherly. The information stream method is applied as the main clue to deal with the related technology and problems in research of manufacturing tools (Fixtures) planning for AFC (mining scraper bars conveyor) using CAD technique.

院前急救基础术语的标准化研究

医学名词的标准化定义和规范化使用对医学事业发展有着重要的现实意义和应用价值。我国院前急救发展迅猛,但关于急救医学的名词术语尚未统一规范。文章通过对急救医学中有关的急救、院前急救、急救医疗服务、非院前急救医疗服务、急救中心、救护车、医疗救护员等基础术语的(中外)历史渊源、出处、演化、发展、规范以及定义和范畴进行较详细地介绍,初步呈现了急救医学发展的脉络以及我国急救工作的进展情况,希望国内急救同行能进一步深入了解并在工作中推广使用,以统一认识、保护权益、避免纠纷、提升业务水平、促进学科发展。

《急救工作站配置规范》地方标准编制研究

急救工作站是保障院前医疗急救服务工作的固定场所。《急救工作站配置规范》地方标准编制遵循规范性、一致性、协调性、科学性原则,采用文献研究、实地调查、专家访谈等方法,规范了急救工作站功能布局、设备设施、人员配置、外观标识等内容,可用于指导急救工作站建设,提升院前医疗急救服务能力与水平。

从国内外标准化实践看智能制造技术发展

标准是技术发展的“风向标”和产业发展的“助推器”。本文从标准化视角出发,综合分析了国际智能制造关键技术研究现状及发展趋势,提出了未来发展建议,为新时期我国系统深入推进智能制造提供参考。

参与制定技术标准对企业专利质量的影响研究

建立以技术标准促进创新的创新路径对打造电子信息制造业现代产业集群具有重要作用。以2008-2021年中国电子信息制造业上市企业为研究样本,对参与制定技术标准与企业专利质量的关系进行实证检验发现,参与制定国家标准和行业标准对企业专利质量存在正向影响,研发背景高管对上述关系起到正向调节作用,经过稳健性检验后结论仍然成立。异质性分析发现,企业规模越大,参与制定技术标准越能够促进企业专利质量的提升,东部地区企业参与制定技术标准对企业专利质量的促进作用更强。研究结论为电子信息制造业上市企业实现以标准促进创新的路径提供了参考。

中国数字经济与制造业融合发展水平测度及其分布动态演进

在顺应数实融合发展的背景下,推行数字经济与制造业的融合发展是促进数字经济发展、助推制造业数字化转型升级与提质增效的重要途径。在运用投影寻踪模型分别测度中国30个省份2012—2021年数字经济与制造业发展水平的基础上,建立耦合协调度模型,测度区域数字经济与制造业的融合发展水平,并运用标准差椭圆与核密度估计方法深入分析全国及四大区域数字经济与制造业融合发展水平的空间分布及动态演进规律。结果表明:①全国数字经济与制造业融合发展水平整体上呈现稳步上升的向好态势;②中国数字经济与制造业融合发展水平分布重心呈现向西向南移动的趋势,且椭圆面积与长短半轴均表现出在波动中呈扩大之势,存在明显扩散效应;③区域数字经济与制造业融合发展水平及其增速均具有梯度分布特征,且融合发展水平较低省份的追赶效应凸显,呈现出省际差距逐渐收敛的趋势;④全国范围及四大区域融合发展水平均表现出一定的多极分化效应。

铁路物流装卸机械数据平台及配置计算系统研究

随着“一带一路”建设的推进,铁路物流总量和种类日益增多,针对站场装卸机械配置计算的科学性、高效性需求,开展装卸机械数据平台及计算系统研究。提出了装卸机械设备和工程全过程设计数据层次结构,建立了元数据定向驱动和组合标准,嵌入各类装卸机械的配置计算规则,实现了设备选型、配置数量、房屋面积、定员等中间成果的智能计算。采用B/S架构,通过界面、数据库、文件、图形多组件开发技术,开发了网络化的全过程辅助设计系统,搭建项目信息库、知识库、模板库、审核意见库4个标准库,实现对全过程设计数据的记录和管理,智能定制项目的计算标准及设计标准,实现了设计全过程接口资料、投资概算、说明书的标准化输出,革新铁路物流装卸机械配置设计模式。