面向制造过程的CAQ系统研究

计算机辅助质量系统是企业进行质量管理强有力的工具。文中阐述了CAQ系统的基本思想及其综合集成功能结构,分析了制造过程的主要质量职能。在此基础上,建立了面向制造过程的CAQ系统的功能模型,开发了原型系统,并结合实例进行了说明。

以XML为基的PDM与CAQ集成研究

在分析产品数据管理(Product Data Management,PDM)系统和计算机辅助质量管理(Computer Aided Quality,CAQ)系统架构的基础上,提出基于可扩展标记语言(Extensible Markup Language,XML)的PDM与CAQ的集成框架,分析基于XML的PDM数据库表示模式,以及产品设计图文档信息的XML表示。基于CAQ系统平台开发了PDM集成模块,实现了对产品设计过程数据的集成共享。

核产品流程生产企业CAQ系统关键技术探讨

核产品流程生产企业对质量管理和质量控制有特殊要求。本文针对核产品流程生产企业 CAQ系统开发的关键技术进行了探讨 。

基于CAQ的内部质量审核系统建模研究

基于CAQ理论及ISO9000系列标准,对内部质量审核系统进行了详细分析研究,建立了系统管理体系。依据该体系和PDCA循环方法,以项目开发和研制系统为应用对象,提出了在内部质量管理体系审核中运用过程方法的审核思路,建立了内部审核系统的业务流程和软件功能结构模型。从数据需求的角度建立了系统的数据流程图,正确描述系统逻辑模型,以表达设计的逻辑方案及系统的设计思想。结合应用对象,制定了具体的应用方法,为开发内部质量审核自动化系统提供了研发理论基础和技术支持。

CIMS环境下基于ISO9000的制造业CAQ系统

首先分析了CIMS环境下制造业质量管理和计算机质量辅助 (CAQ)系统的特点 ,在此基础上提出了基于ISO90 0 0的制造业计算机质量辅助系统的框架模型 。

面向航空企业的可定制CAQ系统研究

提出了基于组件技术的可定制CAQ系统,采用面向对象的方法进行系统组件化设计,采用Eclipse平台技术实现系统的组件化,并开发出了基于Eclipse平台的CAQ原型系统。

Epidemiology of Human Immuno-deficiency Virus and Quality of Life for People Living with HIV/AIDS in China

HIV/AIDS is increasing in prevalence in China and spread of infection from highly risk populations to the general populations was recognized. Despite the fact, there are still only few scientific reviews on quality of life （QOL） for people living with HIV/AIDS （PLWHAs）. However, many PLWHAs are struggling with social and psychological influences such as substances abuse, cultural beliefs, depression, stigma, poverty, which can affect their QOL. Public unawareness about infection and disease, willingness to seek medical care and motivation to follow therapy are indirectly influencing health outcome. In 2003 Chinese government has established the so-called the ＂Four Frees and One Care＂ policy. The policy was officially implemented from 2004 in some areas, yet to date it is not implemented nationwide. This paper discussed the epidemiology of HIV, underlying psychosocial factors affecting PLWHAs and their impact on QOL. We put forward some recommendations for stakeholders, advocacy groups, non-government organizations and Chinese government.

Relationship between spiritual well-being and Health-Related Quality of Life and some related factors in patients with AIDS/HIV

Objective:The study of effective factors on the quality of life(QoL),as an important criterion,in the outcome of new therapeutic and preventive strategies in human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)has been considered by researchers.To study the relationship between spiritual well-being and Health-Related Quality of Life(HRQoL)and some related factors in patients with Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome([AIDS]/HIV).Methods:In this cross-sectional study,224 people were selected as the study population(112 were male and 112 were female)from patients with AIDS/HIV at the Behavioral Counseling Center of Shiraz with available sampling method.The research tool was Palutzian&Ellison well-being scale and QoL Questionnaire(SF-36).Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation test.Results:There was a significant direct relationship between physical function dimensions(P=0.003).There was a significant relationship between general well-being,mental well-being,and total spiritual well-being(P<0.001).There was a statistically significant relationship between the dimensions of QoL and spiritual well-being with some age section of the patients,and their occupation and education(P<0.001).Conclusions:Spirituality has an impact on the QoL dimensions.Therefore,HIV positive people’s quality of life could be improved by the possibility of the spiritual well-being promotion as a method of adaptation with the disease.

Measures of Nutritional Status and Quality of Life in Adult People Living with HIV/AIDS at a Tertiary Hospital in Nigeria

Background & Aims: The study investigated the relationship between objective and subjective nutritional status parameters and quality of life in HIV seropositive patients. Methods: Retrospective review of clinic records of 150 HIV seropositive patients at a teaching hospital in Nigeria. Nutritional status was evaluated objectively with anthropometry including body mass index (BMI), subjectively with malnutrition universal screening tool (MUST) and subjective global assessment (SGA) tool. Data on quality of life (QOL) assessed with WHOQOL (Bref), and CD4 count were extracted. Correlation analysis and linear regression were done to investigate the relationship between variables, level of significance set at p < 0.05 respectively. The CD4 count correlated with percentage body fat (r = 0.224), MUST (r = -0.186) and SGA (r = -0.192), p < 0.05 respectively, but not with any of the QOL domains. Weight, MUST, SGA, percentage body fat were significant predictors of the percentage weight change in 6 months. Conclusions: BMI has significant positive association with psychological domain of QOL. MUST and SGA have significant negative association with certain domains. QOL did not predict short-term weight changes, as did the current weight, MUST, and SGA.

Treatment Adherence, Quality of Life and Clinical Variables in HIV/AIDS Infection

The purpose of the study was to analyze the relationship between treatment adherence, quality of life and clinical variables in HIV/AIDS Infection. The empirical study was conducted at two Portuguese hospitals (Porto and Lisbon) with a sample of 295 outpatients diagnosed with HIV/AIDS attending the Infectology service and on antiretroviral medication, during a 12-month period (February 2009 to February 2010). Data were collected by voluntary fulfillment of three questionnaires: one for socio-demographic variables, one to Assess Adherence to Antiretroviral Treatment-HIV and the Portuguese version of the WHOQOL-Bref to measure the quality of life (QoL). Clinical records were inspected in order to collect clinical information from the patients. The relationship between these variables was accessed by Student’s t-test and ANOVA using Tukey and LSD as the post Hoc test. Regarding disease stages, the post Hoc analysis has showed that asymptomatic patients have a better level of adherence and quality of life when compared to those in more advanced stages of the disease. Undetectable viral load 500 cells/mm3 were also associated with higher QoL in all overall domains. Patients on NRTI + NNTRI regimens have higher adherence when compared to those on NRTI + PI regimens and higher QoL indexes when compared to twice daily regimens, patients on single dose per day regimens have higher adherence and higher QoL in overall domain. Patients experiencing adverse effects have lower QoL and lower adherence levels when compared to those not experiencing such events. We consider the multiplicity and the interaction of several determinants of influence in the adaptation process during the HIV/AIDS treatment. The results may have implications for the psychological intervention to improve the adherence’s level to the antiretroviral therapy.

Does Quality of Care Differ When HIV Patients Are Treated by Non-Specialist and Specialist HIV Healthcare Providers in Developed Countries? A Systematic Narrative Review

Introduction: In developed countries, HIV care is mostly provided by trained specialist healthcare professionals. Due to the increasing demand for HIV care, pressure on healthcare providers to reduce cost and the current global economic constraints, many developed countries are searching for alternative HIV care models. This review aims to consider whether HIV treatment and care can be provided as effectively and safely by doctors and nurses with no HIV-specialist training compared to those with HIV-specialist training. Methods: Three electronic bibliographic databases MEDLINE, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library were searched for studies conducted between January 1996 and March 2015. Manual searches of reference lists of all relevant reports retrieved from the electronic databases were conducted. All comparative studies examining the quality of HIV care provided by different types of healthcare providers in developed countries were included. Results: Nine observational studies involving 27,015 patients were included in the review. Eight studies were conducted in the USA and one study in Switzerland. Healthcare providers with HIV-related expertise and or training and those without HIV-related expertise or training who collaborated with providers with HIV-related expertise and or training outperformed other healthcare providers in many virological, immunological and ART-related outcomes. Conclusion: This review found moderate quality evidence that HIV care can be provided effectively by non-HIV specialists if they have access to HIV specialists or experts for advice and support.

A comparison of the quality of life of parents of children using hearing aids and those using cochlear implants

Objective:The goal of this study was to evaluate the quality of life of parents of children who use hearing aids(HA)with those who use cochlear implants(CI)in the Indian context and document any differences found.Methods:The Kannada version of the AQoL-4D was administered in a modified fashion to 131 parents(87 HA and 44 CI).Sociodemographic details were collected for supplemental information on the intervention strategy used.Results:A total of 49 parents(29 HA and 20 CI)responded to the questionnaire sent.The mean total scores for both the groups were similar(HA group=17.9(SD=5.5),CI group=17.2(SD=3.4)),as was the score for the first subscale(HA group=8.6(SD=2.9);CI group=8.5(SD=2.6))of the AQoL-4D.No significant differences were found between the two groups on either scores[Total Score:U(N_(HA)=29,NCI=20)=280.5,z=0.194,p>0.05;Subscale 1 Score:U(N_(HA)=29,NCI=20)=281.5,z=-0.176,p>0.05].The degree of hearing loss in the hearing aid group was equivalent to that of the cochlear implant group but this did not appear to influence parental quality of life.Conclusion:Parents of children with hearing aids and cochlear implants appear to be similar on several psychosocial factors in the realms of functional,social,and psychological well-being.In terms of parental quality of life,hearing aids and cochlear implants appear to be equally effective intervention techniques.

Relationship between Intimate Partner Violence and Quality of Life among Females Attending the HIV Clinic of a Teaching Hospital in North Central, Nigeria

Background: Intimate partner violence is a serious public health concern worldwide and is linked with serious mental and physical health consequences. Despite its commonality and attendant consequences, proper public healthcare intervention is rudimentary. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between quality of life associated with intimate partner violence among females attending the HIV Clinic at Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Plateau, Nigeria. Methods: This study employed a cross-sectional design and data was collected from 174 female patients attending the HIV Clinic who met the inclusion criteria with the aid of a 73-item semi-structured interviewer-administered questionnaire. This captured socio-demographic characteristics, knowledge and attitude towards intimate partner violence and their experiences of violence and quality of life using the World Health Organization Quality of Life Scale-Brief version (WHOQOL-BREF). Results: Almost half of the respondents, 85 (48.9%) rated their quality of life as good. Respondents experiencing IPV reported poorer quality of life compared to those not experiencing partner violence in all the domains and it was statistically significant in the physical health (p Conclusion: IPV is common among females attending the HIV/AIDS Clinic and those affected reported significantly poorer quality of life.

Sociodemographic, Clinical and Quality of Life Aspects of People Aged over 50 Years Living with HIV/AIDS

Introduction: In the last few years, there has been a growth in the number of cases of people with HIV/AIDS aged 50 years and older. This is explained by the inclusion of antiretroviral therapy, increased survival of patients as well as by the growth in the number of infected people in this age group. Objective: To analyze the association between sociodemographic and clinical characteristics with the QOL of people aged 50 years or older living with HIV/AIDS. Methods: Quantitative, cross-sectional study conducted in the outpatient clinic of a reference hospital in Natal, Brazil. The sample consisted of 50 subjects, aged over 50, seropositive for HIV and with cognitive conditions to answer the interview. Authors used sociodemographic and clinical evaluation tools and the WHOQOL-HIV BREF scale. Results: Sociodemographic: respondents’ average age was 57.32 years, 58% male, 38% brown, 26% incomplete primary education, 46% single, 56% retired, 70% with a monthly income of 1 to 2 minimum wages and 70% Catholic. Clinical: 60% have a partner without the diagnosis of HIV/AIDS;62% had not been hospitalized previously;66% did not have opportunistic infections;40% indicated that there was a change in the physiological sexual function after the onset of the disease. Quality of life: people living with HIV/AIDS had low scores in QOL domains. When associating sociodemographic and clinical aspects, it was observed that they had associations with QOL, especially in regard to education, income, religion, change in sexual function and feelings. Conclusion: The spiritual domain was highlighted with the best performance, collaborating to facing, hope and resilience of HIV/AIDS.

Institutional Quality,Foreign Aid and Economic Growth in Recipient Countries

Foreign aid is an important aspect of China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI)for enhancing two-way cooperation with BRI countries. Based on the panel data of China’sforeign aid over the period 2000-2014, this paper employs the Worldwide GovernanceIndicators (WGI) to conduct an empirical study on the economic growth effects of China’sforeign aid and recipient countries’ institutional quality with the endogeneity of aid takeninto account. Results of our empirical study suggest that (i) China’s foreign aid, especiallyinfrastructure aid, can effectively promote economic growth in recipient countries;(ii)sound institutional development offers an important assurance for economic growth inrecipient countries;(iii) sample-specific regression reveals that the institutional quality ofrecipient countries can significantly influence the economic growth effects of China’s foreignaid, especially economic infrastructure aid for recipient countries in Asia and Europe.To improve aid effectiveness and quality, China needs to improve aid structure, superviseaid program implementation, and mitigate the impact of institutional risks in recipientcountries.

Evaluation of Quality of Healthcare Service Avaeilable to People Living with HIVIAIDS： Evidence from Enugu State

The study evaluated the quality of healthcare services given to PLWHA （people living with HIV/AIDS） in different communities of Enugu State of Nigeria. Descriptive cross sectional survey design was employed for the study. The participants were PLWHA attending health facilities in different communities in the state. A sample of 180 PLWHA who participated in the study were selected using a multi-stage sampling procedure and were interviewed at community level. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The results showed that 82.2% of the respondents were cared for by government health facilities, 75% were of the opinion that the health workers in those places do not discriminate against them, 81.7% felt that they were being given high quality healthcare, 82.8% stated that their drugs were readily available, 75% were of the opinion that the physical facilities in their care centers were adequate, 84.4% felt that grievance redressing were good while 90% felt that their healthcare providers maintain confidentiality about their conditions. It was concluded from the findings that quality of care provided to PLWHA in communities was of good quality as perceived by PLWHA and that the national antiretroviral programmes are making drugs available and affordable in the state. It was then recommended that all levels of government in the nation should strengthen the programmes on HIV prevention and control to maintain the continuity of care to PLWHA.

Impact of Institutional Quality on Multilateral Aid in Nigeria

The linkage between quality of institutions and economic performance of nations has generated a lot of interest among scholars,due to their influence on development of many countries and effective use of resources including foreign aid from multilateral organizations.Two strands of theories emerge on the institutions-multilateral aids nexus:those for benefits of aid to growth and development;and those for harms caused by aid.The research objective is to investigate the impact of institutional quality on multilateral aid in Nigeria.To do this,the study applied auto-regressive distributed lag(ARDL)bounds testing approach.Data for the study were sourced from the ICRG data,WGI data,QoG database,Transparency International,and World Development Indicators(WDI).The findings show that institutional quality variables do not have any influence on the multilateral aid in Nigeria,except the‘independence of judiciary’which appeared statistically significant.In the short-run analysis,the disequilibrium in the long-run equilibrium is corrected for in the next quarter period by about 25%;almost all the variables are statistically and significantly influencing multilateral aid.It is therefore recommended that donor agencies should consider other factors that negatively influence official development assistance(ODA)such as politics,location and colonial history.

持续质量改进对急诊科低年资护士急救应急能力的影响

目的:探讨持续质量改进对急诊科低年资护士急救应急能力的影响。方法:选取2022年6月—12月我院急诊科13名低年资护士作为研究对象,并实施持续质量改进,共实施6个月。比较实施前后低年资护士的急救知识、急救技能、应急能力等成绩考核情况。结果:实施持续质量改进后,低年资护士的急救理论考核成绩[(90.94±5.79)分]高于实施前[(60.14±6.88)分],急救技能考核成绩[(91.21±8.68)分]高于实施前[(55.15±3.97)分],急救应急能力考核成绩均高于实施前,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:持续质量改进可提高急诊科低年资护士的急救理论和急救技能水平,从而有效提高急救应急能力,不仅培养了低年资护士的综合素养,还有利于提高急诊科护理质量,具有重要的研究价值。

PDCA结合情景模拟的培训模式对提高门诊急救质量的研究

目的:探讨PDCA循环管理结合情景模拟的培训模式对提高门诊突发事件急救质量的效果。方法:将2021年1月至2022年12月上海交通大学医学院附属瑞金医院北部院区门诊护士经筛选后共38名作为研究对象,其中男性1名,女性37名,平均年龄(29.89±5.62)岁。此外选取同一时期门诊突发急救事件共71例患者作为研究对象,进行回顾性分析。2022年1月前采用常规模式下的急救培训设为实施前,2022年1月后采用PDCA结合情景模拟模式(新模式)下的急救培训设为实施后,比较实施前后门诊护士急救能力(理论考试、基本操作考试、综合急救能力考试)、急救病例中的急救表现(启动时间、转运时间、急救成功率、纠纷及投诉率、满意度评分)以及自我效能感(一般自我效能量表评分)。结果:经过不同模式培训后,实施后护士急救能力中的理论考试[(89.19±6.50)分比(85.11±6.84)分]、综合急救能力考试[(87.76±6.10)分比(84.38±5.19)分]及基本操作各项技能考试成绩均优于实施前(均P<0.001);在真实急救病例中,实施后启动时间[(4.89±1.24)min比(5.56±1.19)min]、转运时间[(9.36±1.05)min比(10.24±1.26)min]、纠纷及投诉率(2.8%比17.1%)及满意度评分[(87.14±9.68)分比(81.63±11.18)分]也显著优于实施前(均P<0.05);实施后护士一般自我效能量表总评分也较实施前明显提高[(2.53±0.24)分比(2.31±0.22)分,P<0.05]。结论:采用PDCA循环管理结合情景模拟模式下的急救培训可有效提升门诊护士的急救能力和自我效能感,减少其紧张焦虑情绪,并在真实突发事件中提高急救质量,急救表现更好。

“零转介”AIDS诊疗管理模式的临床验证

目的探讨“零转介”诊疗管理模式对人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)感染患者治疗疗效和满意度的效果。方法选取石家庄市第五医院2022年7月至12月新增HIV感染者100例,随机分为对照组和研究组,每组50例。对照组给予常规认知干预和健康指导、心理干预,研究组在确诊前较对照组提前7~10 d即给予认知干预、生活指导和心理干预。比较对照组和研究组患者的HIV感染患者睡眠[匹兹堡睡眠质量指数表(PSQI)]、服药依从性、焦虑抑郁量表分值。结果对照组患者的PSQⅠ评分高于研究组患者(P<0.01);研究组患者的焦虑抑郁的心理状况要优于对照组(P<0.05);对照组患者服药依从性良好者比例低于研究组患者(P<0.01);研究组患者对疾病的接受度和认知评定量表均好于对照组患者(P<0.01)。结论“零转介”模式,提前给予认知干预、生活指导和心理干预,可提高HIV感染患者满意度,对社会层面的AIDS预防具有积极意义。