Research progress in CALPHAD assisted metal additive manufacturing

Metal additive manufacturing(MAM)technology has experienced rapid development in recent years.As both equipment and materials progress towards increased maturity and commercialization,material metallurgy technology based on high energy sources has become a key factor influencing the future development of MAM.The calculation of phase diagrams(CALPHAD)is an essential method and tool for constructing multi-component phase diagrams by employing experimental phase diagrams and Gibbs free energy models of simple systems.By combining with the element mobility data and non-equilibrium phase transition model,it has been widely used in the analysis of traditional metal materials.The development of CALPHAD application technology for MAM is focused on the compositional design of printable materials,the reduction of metallurgical imperfections,and the control of microstructural attributes.This endeavor carries considerable theoretical and practical significance.This paper summarizes the important achievements of CALPHAD in additive manufacturing(AM)technology in recent years,including material design,process parameter optimization,microstructure evolution simulation,and properties prediction.Finally,the limitations of applying CALPHAD technology to MAM technology are discussed,along with prospective research directions.

Research on Machine Tool Fault Diagnosis and Maintenance Optimization in Intelligent Manufacturing Environments

In the context of intelligent manufacturing,machine tools,as core equipment,directly influence production efficiency and product quality through their operational reliability.Traditional maintenance methods for machine tools,often characterized by low efficiency and high costs,fail to meet the demands of modern manufacturing industries.Therefore,leveraging intelligent manufacturing technologies,this paper proposes a solution optimized for the diagnosis and maintenance of machine tool faults.Initially,the paper introduces sensor-based data acquisition technologies combined with big data analytics and machine learning algorithms to achieve intelligent fault diagnosis of machine tools.Subsequently,it discusses predictive maintenance strategies by establishing an optimized model for maintenance strategy and resource allocation,thereby enhancing maintenance efficiency and reducing costs.Lastly,the paper explores the architectural design,integration,and testing evaluation methods of intelligent manufacturing systems.The study indicates that optimization of machine tool fault diagnosis and maintenance in an intelligent manufacturing environment not only enhances equipment reliability but also significantly reduces maintenance costs,offering broad application prospects.

基于CIM标准的电网一体化规划信息模型及仿真系统研究

为实现电网内各级设备、分布式能源之间的协同管控,需对电网实行一体化规划,因此,研究基于CIM标准的电网一体化规划信息模型及仿真系统。基于CIM标准构建电网一体化规划信息模型引入电网一体化规划信息集成机制以及内存图数据库,实现电网信息集成,一体化管理网级、省级和地级之间的全部运行信息,存储至CIM整体模式中心的核心数据库中;以存储的数据为基础,通过电网数据多维分析引擎,构建仿真电网一体化规划仿真系统,并基于多维度信息可视化呈现电网负荷特性。测试结果显示:该系统的轮廓系数指标结果均在0.94以上,信息集成性能良好;数据查询所需最长时间为1136 ms,数据查询响应较快;能够获取电网不同负荷的变化情况,并呈现电网一体化规划后,各个区域的协调控制结果以及负荷调控仿真结果。

第三代半导体CIM系统集成设计与应用

在半导体制造企业推进数字化转型,建设CIM系统的过程中,各个数字化业务系统之间、数字化系统与车间设备之间打破数据孤岛,实现数据互联、互通、集成是所有企业面临的共同挑战。本文介绍第三代半导体CIM系统及各子系统的功能分工,重点对三个核心子系统MES、SPC、EAP之间以及EAP与设备监控系统之间的集成方案进行了介绍。该方案在某公司晶圆制造车间实现成功应用,可为半导体制造工厂CIM系统规划、设计开发、实施应用等提供参考。

基于实景三维的城市一张图CIM平台的建设研究

文章对基于实景三维的城市一张图CIM平台建设展开了研究。其中,通过整合实景三维数据、社会管理数据和城市运行数据,CIM平台实现了全景展示、数据分析和决策支持等功能。该平台在城市规划与管理中具有重要意义,能够提供全面、直观的城市信息和工具,从而提升城市管理效能并推动其可持续发展。

BIM+CIM数据系统集成应用的研究与实践

作为国民经济的支柱产业,工程建设行业正处于跨越式发展的新阶段。为适应日趋严峻的国内和国际竞争形势,基于新型的信息技术手段,全面助力建筑企业的技术转型和提质增效已经成为建筑企业持续保持核心竞争力的关键所在。随着BIM技术在中建八局的持续实施,建筑项目所创建的BIM数据越来越多,对于日积月累的BIM数据的管控难度也越来越大。中建八局研发了具有自主可控知识产权的基于BIM协同管理平台,在助力现场高品质建造的同时,实现对所属各单位所创建的BIM数据、各类工程建造数据的“集中管控”。CIM以三维的城市空间地理信息为基础,是BIM在城市范围内的扩展,本文通过研究BIM与CIM平台数据集成应用,在BIM协同管理平台的基础上,梳理数据资源标准,通过轻量化处理、数模分离以及数据融合,实现从BIM到CIM的高效融合无缝衔接。

Integrated and Intelligent Manufacturing： Perspectives and Enablers

With ever-increasing market competition and advances in technology, more and more countries are prioritizing advanced manufacturing technology as their top priority for economic growth. Germany announced the Industry 4.0 strategy in 2013. The US government launched the Advanced Manufacturing Partnership （AMP） in 2011 and the National Network for Manufacturing Innovation （NNMI） in 2014. Most recently, the Manufacturing USA initiative was officially rolled out to further ＂leverage existing resources... to nurture manufacturing innovation and accelerate commercialization＂ by fostering close collaboration between industry, academia, and government partners. In 2015, the Chinese government officially published a 10- year plan and roadmap toward manufacturing： Made in China 2025. In all these national initiatives, the core technology development and implementation is in the area of advanced manufacturing systems. A new manufacturing paradigm is emerging, which can be characterized by two unique features： integrated manufacturing and intelligent manufacturing. This trend is in line with the progress of industrial revolutions, in which higher efficiency in production systems is being continuously pursued. To this end, 10 major technologies can be identified for the new manufacturing paradigm. This paper describes the rationales and needs for integrated and intelligent manufacturing （i2M） systems. Related technologies from different fields are also described. In particular, key technological enablers, such as the Intemet of Things and Services （IoTS）, cyber-physical systems （CPSs）, and cloud computing are discussed. Challenges are addressed with applica- tions that are based on commercially available platforms such as General Electric （GE）＇s Predix and PTC＇s ThingWorx.

Virtual CIM and Digital Manufacturing

Manufacturing enterprises play an important role in improving the economic environment of a country.Today,the capability to produce high quality products with shorter delivery time and the ability to produce according to the diverse customer requirements has become the characteristics of successful manufacturing industries. Application of intelligent manufacturing systems and Computer integrated manufacturing (CIM) are the most effective methods for overcoming the issues faced by present day manufactures while retaining the employment level and revenue of a country in today’s highly competitive global market. With the developments taking place in CIM and its related technologies,the application of CIM in manufacturing enterprises has become a reality from the dream. This paper highlights the historical developments towards automation and the need for CIM systems. Furthermore,it analyses some new terms such as agile manufacturing,digital manufacturing,agent-based manufacturing and others,which have been emerging recently,and argues all these new technologies are the subsystems of CIM. In addition,this paper provides a new direction in CIM to fulfil the emerging challenges in today’s global market and to satisfy the emerging need of virtual enterprises in the form of Virtual CIM.

Scheduling optimization of task allocation in integrated manufacturing system based on task decomposition

How to deal with the collaboration between task decomposition and task scheduling is the key problem of the integrated manufacturing system for complex products. With the development of manufacturing technology, we can probe a new way to solve this problem. Firstly, a new method for task granularity quantitative analysis is put forward, which can precisely evaluate the task granularity of complex product cooperation workflow in the integrated manufacturing system, on the above basis; this method is used to guide the coarse-grained task decomposition and recombine the subtasks with low cohesion coefficient. Then, a multi-objective optimieation model and an algorithm are set up for the scheduling optimization of task scheduling. Finally, the application feasibility of the model and algorithm is ultimately validated through an application case study.

Integrated Product and Process Control for Sustainable Semiconductor Manufacturing

Semiconductor fabrication is a manufacturing sequence with hundreds of sophisticated unit operations and it is always challenged by strategy development for ensuring the yield of defect-free products.In this paper,an advanced control strategy through integrating product and process control is established.The proposed multiscale scheme contains three layers for coordinated equipment control,process control and product quality control.In the upper layer,online control performance assessment is applied to reduce the quality variation and maximize the overall product performance （OPP）.It serves as supervisory control to update the recipe of the process controller in the middle layer.The process controller is designed as an exponentially weighted moving average （EWMA） run-to-run controller to reject disturbances,such as process shift,drift and tool worn out,that are exerted to the op-eration.The equipment in the process is individually controlled to maintain its optimal operational status and maximize the overall equipment effectiveness （OEE）,based on the set point given by the process controller.The ef-ficacy of the proposed integrated control scheme is demonstrated through case studies,where both the OPP （for product） and the OEE （for equipment） are enhanced.

Current Status of the Integrated Circuit Industry in China--IC Manufacturing Industry

Editorial Introduction: China's IC industry has been flourishing in recent years, huge market demand together with government investments are the major driving forces for this development. The status and development momentum of the Chinese IC industry also attracted wide interest and attention of international counterparts. A group of domestic IC experts are invited by the JoMM to write a series of articles about China's IC industry, including the history, current status, development, and related government policies. Information in these articles is all from public data from recent years. The purpose of these articles is to enhance mutual understanding between the Chinese domestic IC industry and international IC ecosystem. The following article is the third one of this series, the status quo of China's IC industry. The IC industry chain is very long including design, manufacturing, special equipment, materials, packaging and testing. The article series are arranged in accordance with this scope.

Additive manufacturing of promising heterostructure for biomedical applications

As a new generation of materials/structures,heterostructure is characterized by heterogeneous zones with dramatically different mechanical,physical or chemical properties.This endows heterostructure with unique interfaces,robust architectures,and synergistic effects,making it a promising option as advanced biomaterials for the highly variable anatomy and complex functionalities of individual patients.However,the main challenges of developing heterostructure lie in the control of crystal/phase evolution and the distribution/fraction of components and structures.In recent years,additive manufacturing techniques have attracted increasing attention in developing heterostructure due to the unique flexibility in tailored structures and synthetic multimaterials.This review focuses on the additive manufacturing of heterostructure for biomedical applications.The structural features and functional mechanisms of heterostructure are summarized.The typical material systems of heterostructure,mainly including metals,polymers,ceramics,and their composites,are presented.And the resulting synergistic effects on multiple properties are also systematically discussed in terms of mechanical,biocompatible,biodegradable,antibacterial,biosensitive and magnetostrictive properties.Next,this work outlines the research progress of additive manufacturing employed in developing heterostructure from the aspects of advantages,processes,properties,and applications.This review also highlights the prospective utilization of heterostructure in biomedical fields,with particular attention to bioscaffolds,vasculatures,biosensors and biodetections.Finally,future research directions and breakthroughs of heterostructure are prospected with focus on their more prospective applications in infection prevention and drug delivery.

Fabrication of polyetheretherketone(PEEK)-based 3D electronics with fine resolution by a hydrophobic treatment assisted hybrid additive manufacturing method

Additive manufacturing(AM)is a free-form technology that shows great potential in the integrated creation of three-dimensional(3D)electronics.However,the fabrication of 3D conformal circuits that fulfill the requirements of high service temperature,high conductivity and high resolution remains a challenge.In this paper,a hybrid AM method combining the fused deposition modeling(FDM)and hydrophobic treatment assisted laser activation metallization(LAM)was proposed for manufacturing the polyetheretherketone(PEEK)-based 3D electronics,by which the conformal copper patterns were deposited on the 3D-printed PEEK parts,and the adhesion between them reached the 5B high level.Moreover,the 3D components could support the thermal cycling test from-55℃ to 125℃ for more than 100 cycles.Particularly,the application of a hydrophobic coating on the FDM-printed PEEK before LAM can promote an ideal catalytic selectivity on its surface,not affected by the inevitable printing borders and pores in the FDM-printed parts,then making the resolution of the electroless plated copper lines improved significantly.In consequence,Cu lines with width and spacing of only60μm and 100μm were obtained on both as-printed and after-polished PEEK substrates.Finally,the potential of this technique to fabricate 3D conformal electronics was demonstrated.

Study on Integrated Quality Assurance System in CIMS

Integrated Quality Assurance System (IQAS) is an important part of CIMS.This paper introduces the architecture of IQAS,elaborates the philosophy of quality assurance and quality control in CIMS.A type of function model is proposed.Meanwhile, details of the model are described.

Smart Design and Manufacturing the Welded Q350 Steel Frames via Lifecycle Management Strategy of Digital Twin

Artificial intelligent aided design and manufacturing have been recognized as one kind of robust data-driven and data-intensive technologies in the integrated computational material engi-neering(ICME)era.Motivated by the dramatical developments of the services of China Railway High-speed series for more than a decade,it is essential to reveal the foundations of lifecycle man-agement of those trains under environmental conditions.Here,the smart design and manufacturing of welded Q350 steel frames of CR200J series are introduced,presenting the capability and opportu-nity of ICME in weight reduction and lifecycle management at a cost-effective approach.In order to address the required fatigue life time enduring more than 9×10^(6)km,the response of optimized frames to the static and the dynamic loads are comprehensively investigated.It is highlighted that the maximum residual stress of the optimized welded frame is reduced to 69 MPa from 477 MPa of previous existing one.Based on the measured stress and acceleration from the railways,the fatigue life of modified frame under various loading modes could fulfil the requirements of the lifecycle man-agement.Moreover,our recent developed intelligent quality control strategy of welding process mediated by machine learning is also introduced,envisioning its application in the intelligent weld-ing.

基于CIM构架的城市智慧停车综合管理系统研究

目前,全国智慧停车项目正在如火如荼地进行中,但还存在建设路径、运营模式、标准体系不健全等问题。文中提出了基于CIM的智慧停车系统架构设计和建设内容,为促进智慧停车的高质量发展指明了方向。CIM+智慧停车的数字孪生“三维数字底座”,将宏观与微观一体化、室内与室外一体化、静态与动态一体化,实现了停车场空间信息全局可视、车位实时态势精细洞悉、停车场运行规律深度挖掘、停车发展趋势推演仿真,可用于指导新建和改扩建智慧停车综合管理系统的建设与运营。

智能制造类专业复合型人才培养路径研究

信息技术与制造技术不断交叉融合,新技术和新业态催生出复合型企业,使得高水平复合型技术技能人才需求量呈现迅速增长趋势。作为技能人才重要供给源的职业院校,为应对智能制造类高端技能人才储备不足问题,将人才培养与生产实际相结合,开展产教融合人才培养研究与探索。面向智能制造领域,整合政府、行业协会、产业园区、制造企业等社会各方资源,深入推进产教融合与校企合作。本文探索将“政府、行业协会、产业园区、企业、学校”五方融为一体的产教融合人才培养路径,将技术技能复合型人才培养与生产实践紧密对接,进一步提升高职院校人才培养质量,为精准服务先进制造业产业集群发展提供强力支撑。

数实融合培育和壮大制造业产业集群的理论逻辑与实施路径

数字经济与实体经济融合发展已经成为中国提升产业竞争力的重要手段,在培育和壮大产业集群发展中具有重要的推动作用。本文从农村电商这一数字经济与实体经济融合的典型形式入手,以电商大县山东曹县的服饰产业为例,探究数实融合在培育和壮大制造业产业集群中的理论逻辑和实施路径,为深化数实融合促进产业集群发展提供新思路。数实融合带来的销售模式创新促使销售实体的市场容量跃升,为产业集聚发展提供动力支撑;数实融合改善制造业产业集群内部的资源配置水平和创新能力,线上集聚极大突破产业集群区域的发展资源禀赋限制,进而提升产业集群的竞争力水平。推动电商高质量发展、加强数字基础设施建设、推进生产企业的数字化转型和引导产业线上集聚,是以数实融合推动制造业集群发展的重要路径。

基于城市信息模型(CIM)的“多测合一”系统设计

本文针对“多测合一”项目全过程缺乏透明可视化的问题,分析项目过程中各类数据汇聚、共享和可视化等现状,通过引入城市信息模型(CIM)技术,基于CIM建模、CIM数据轻量化和WebGL三维渲染等关键技术来构建“多测合一”CIM基础平台,并基于平台的二次开发能力来定制开发“多测合一”成果的可视化与分析系统。结果表明:该技术可以实现“多测合一”全过程的透明化管控,对于多方主体实现实时信息共享和互联协作具有一定的应用价值。

机械设计与低温锂电池全流程数字化智能制造的联系及应用

随着现代制造技术、信息技术和数字化技术的飞速发展,低温锂电池生产迎来了技术升级。对此本文综述了机械设计与低温锂电池数字化智能制造的联系以及技术优化进展。首先分析了低温锂电池产业数字化、智能化的发展流程,包括低温锂电池数字化制造和二阶段的智能化制造;然后重点探讨了机械设计为低温锂电池数字化智能制造产业带来的优化变革。从产业发展角度来看,与机械设计技术深度融合,可以从多个方面优化现有的低温锂电池数字化智能制造技术,对后者的产业结构调整和技术升级具有重要的指导作用。