Research and Practice on the Crustal Deformation Mobile Monitoring Network Layout in the Hydropower Station Reservoir Area

According to the construction project of the crustal deformation mobile monitoring network in the cascade hydropower stations built in the lower reaches of Jinsha River,this paper analyzes the design ideas and layout principles of crustal deformation mobile monitoring used in the monitoring of reservoir induced earthquakes. This paper introduces three types of monitoring networks used in the Xiluodu reservoir and Xiangjiaba reservoir, as well as the work already undertaken,in order to provide a kind of reference for the related engineering construction and comprehensive monitoring of reservoir induced earthquakes.

Measures for controlling large deformations of underground caverns under high in-situ stress condition--A case study of JinpingⅠhydropower station

The Jinping I hydropower station is a huge water conservancy project consisting of the highest concrete arch dam to date in the world and a highly complex and large underground powerhouse cavern. It is located on the right bank with extremely high in-situ stress and a few discontinuities observed in surrounding rock masses. The problems of rock mass deformation and failure result in considerable challenges related to project design and construction and have raised a wide range of concerns in the fields of rock mechanics and engineering. During the excavation of underground caverns, high in-situ stress and relatively low rock mass strength in combination with large excavation dimensions lead to large deformation of the surrounding rock mass and support. Existing experiences in excavation and support cannot deal with the large deformation of rock mass effectively, and further studies are needed. In this paper, the geological conditions, layout of caverns, and design of excavation and support are first introduced, and then detailed analyses of deformation and failure characteristics of rocks are presented. Based on this, the mechanisms of deformation and failure are discussed, and the support adjustments for controlling rock large deformation and subsequent excavation procedures are proposed. Finally, the effectiveness of support and excavation adjustments to maintain the stability of the rock mass is verified. The measures for controlling the large deformation of surrounding rocks enrich the practical experiences related to the design and construction of large underground openings, and the construction of caverns in the Jinping I hydropower station provides a good case study of large-scale excavation in highly stressed ground with complex geological structures, as well as a reference case for research on rock mechanics.

Safety monitoring and stability analysis of left abutment slope of Jinping Ⅰ hydropower station

Safety monitoring and stability analysis of high slopes are important for high dam construction in high mountainous regions or precipitous gorges. In this paper, deformation characteristics of toppling block at upper abutment, deforming tensile rip wedge in the middle part and deep fractures are comprehensively analyzed based on the geological conditions, construction methods and monitoring results of left abutment slope in Jinping Ⅰ hydropower station. Safety analyses of surface and shallow-buried rock masses and the corresponding anchorage system are presented. The monitoring results indicate that the global stability of the large wedge block in the left abutment is effectively under control, and the abutment slope is stable in a global sense. After the completion of excavation, the deformations of toppling block at the top of the slope and deep fracture zone continue at a very low rate, which can be explained as 'rock mass creep'. Further monitoring and analysis are needed.

Study on Safety and Stability Evaluation of Waste Disposal Field of a Hydropower Station Based on <i>In Situ</i>Monitoring

Reasonable site selection, blocking to meet design standards, interception and drainage and other protective measures are the basic conditions for not causing disaster in slag disposal site. A hydropower station is located in mountainous area, the amount of slag abandoned is large, the grade of slag disposal field is high, and the site selection is difficult. On the basis of in Situ deformation monitoring, the slope stability of slag disposal site is calculated by Swedish arc method through the analysis of the scale, grade, site selection, surrounding environment, cut and discharge, blocking and protection design standards of slag disposal site. Under normal and abnormal operating conditions, the slope stability of slag disposal site meets the requirements of the code, and the results of in Situ deformation monitoring verify the calculation results of slope stability of slag disposal site by Swedish circular arc method.

Technical development of operational in-situ marine monitoring and research on its key generic technologies in China

In China,operational in-situ marine monitoring is the primary means of directly obtaining hydrological,meteorological,and oceanographic environmental parameters across sea areas,and it is essential for applications such as forecast of marine environment,prevention and mitigation of disaster,exploitation of marine resources,marine environmental protection,and management of transportation safety.In this paper,we summarise the composition,development courses,and present operational status of three systems of operational in-situ marine monitoring,namely coastal marine automated network station,ocean data buoy and voluntary observing ship measuring and reporting system.Additionally,we discuss the technical development in these in-situ systems and achievements in the key generic technologies along with future development trends.

布仑口水电站冲击式机组柔性电制动技术应用

为保证布仑口水电站机组停机过程中轴承油膜不被破坏,确保机组瓦温运行在安全范围内,解决制动停机问题,文章以新疆布仑口水电站为背景,介绍了冲击式机组柔性电制动技术的工程应用,重点介绍了布仑口电站冲击式机组停机方式、柔性电制动停机原理、电制动主回路接线形式、电制动流程、电制动系统主要设备参数,并对柔性电制动技术的基本思路和工程实现进行探讨。

基于DS-InSAR的西南某电站库区形变监测及滑坡体识别

针对中国西南部水电站及其周边区域存在形变及滑坡隐患的问题,提出一种联合DS-InSAR技术和空间聚类的分析方法。采用DS-InSAR技术获取了澜沧江流域的某水电站及其库区的时序形变,并利用GPS监测数据对比验证。在此基础上,利用空间聚类方法绘制了滑坡多边形,识别了库区的潜在滑坡体。结果表明,DS-InSAR监测与GPS点的监测值误差范围为-4.73~4.33 mm/a,水电站大坝表面整体存在不同程度的形变特征。沿水流方向,库岸两侧呈现顺坡向形变的趋势。结合空间聚类统计方法成功识别出6处具有突出形变特征的区域,其中4处为古滑坡。该研究成果可为水利工程的稳定运行和地质灾害的预防提供依据,为识别、排查水电站及库区存在的安全隐患提供参考。

复合过水围堰高效填筑技术

针对非洲的朱利叶斯·尼雷尔(Julius Nyerere)水电站大坝成功截流后,上游过水围堰建造期短、工程量大、施工要求高等难题,提出了一种复合过水围堰新型高效填筑技术,重点介绍了底部赶水混凝土浇筑、左岸堆石混凝土浇筑、下游预制挡块模板施工、上游黏土防渗层平起施工、主体胶凝砂砾石变态碾压施工5种高效填筑施工流程及关键技术。工程实践表明,该新型高效填筑技术大幅优化了施工组织与效率,最终在汛期来临之前安全、高效、优质地完成了过水围堰的修筑工作。

基于InSAR的乌东德水电站库区边坡形变监测及分析

水电站建成投产后,水库水位变化频繁,改变了库岸边坡原有的稳定性,易诱发边坡失稳破坏,从而对水电站的安全运行及周边居民区产生一定安全隐患。为了更好地掌握乌东德水电站蓄水过程中库区边坡的形变情况,通过SBAS-InSAR技术对该区域2020年5月至2022年8月间的升降轨哨兵数据进行解算,获取了研究区的地表形变特征;结合库水位变化情况、SAR数据反演出的边坡土壤含水量后向散射系数,对识别出的5处不稳定区域的形变机理进行分析。结果表明:运用升降轨InSAR可准确识别出库岸边坡的形变情况,研究区最大年平均沉降速率为-92 mm/a;库岸边坡的形变趋势与库水位及土壤含水量后向散射系数变化有着明显的相关性,水库蓄水是致使边坡体加速沉降的主要因素。

基于LoRa的自动气象站故障诊断装置的设计与实现

为了改善人工定位设备故障难度高、耗时长的问题,设计了一款基于LoRa无线通信技术的自动气象站故障诊断装置;该装置包含4个监测单元和1个主控单元,通过STM32系统实现对相关信号的采集和处理;其中,4个监测单元分别布设在自动气象站的各关键组成部分,可采集相关供电信号、传感器输出信号和工作状态信息等,并通过LoRa通信将信息无线传输至主控单元;主控单元则对信息进行汇总和分析,结合其内置的故障综合诊断方法来定位出故障发生的准确位置,并经HMI屏幕输出定位结果,以协助业务人员及时排除故障;经测试表明,该装置能够实现自动气象站故障位置的自动判定,可大幅缩短故障排除耗时,提高装备保障效率。

布桑加水电站坝址探洞地震波CT应用研究

为满足布桑加水电站混凝土双曲拱坝对地质条件的基本要求(即坝基岩体完整均一、强度高、地质构造简单等),需要研究坝址区基础岩体质量状况,并探查岩体内部是否存在地质缺陷,利用坝址区两坝肩已开挖探洞实施洞间岩体地震波CT测试,获得测试区域工程岩体的波速分布规律。依据地震波CT成像波速分布变化特点判定坝址工程岩体结构特征、工程岩体质量以及地质构造、软弱岩带等地质缺陷的空间分布等,揭示了坝址区工程岩体的基本地质条件,取得了良好的应用效果,达到了勘察测试的目的,为大坝工程设计提供了可靠的基础资料。

西藏DG水电站大坝安全监测系统设计

基于相关规程规范和已建工程经验,结合西藏DG水电站坝址区水文地质条件、枢纽工程的布置及各建筑物结构形式,各项安全监测设施的特点,研究建立了大坝自动化安全监测系统。电站下闸蓄水至今,大坝安全监测系统运行正常,变形、位移、渗流等实测资料、现场巡查及相关复核计算成果表明,大坝工作性态正常,满足设计和相应规程规范等要求,自动化安全监测系统可供类似工程设计参考。

地铁车站大体积混凝土温度监测及裂缝控制技术

本文首先简述了大体积混凝土的特点,强调其容易产生裂缝的特性,分析大体积混凝土产生裂缝的原因,包括温度差异和温度应力的累积,并结合工程实例展示了大体积混凝土结构在施工过程中出现裂缝的情况,详细介绍了大体积混凝土结构温度监控与裂缝控制措施,比对裂缝控制效果表明,大体积混凝土温度监测及裂缝控制技术具有明显的控制效果,可以有效降低大体积混凝土的温度应力,从而减少裂缝的产生。

基于水电站储能技术的可再生能源并网策略研究

本文旨在深入研究水电站储能技术在可再生能源并网中的应用策略。通过介绍可再生能源的快速发展趋势及储能技术在解决波动性问题中的关键作用。分析探讨水电站储能技术在可再生能源并网中的地位,并提出优化策略以提高系统的稳定性和经济性。重点讨论了水电站储能技术在提高可再生能源利用率、支持电力系统调度、动态调度策略和系统集成方面的应用。通过对技术挑战的识别,本文探讨了克服问题的潜在创新方案,同时展望了水电站储能技术在未来的发展趋势。本研究为深化可再生能源并网策略提供了理论基础和实践指导。

乳化液泵站变频控制技术应用研究

基于先进的自动化技术和计算机控制技术,探讨了乳化液泵站的变频控制技术。首先阐述了乳化液泵站的运行原理和存在的问题,然后通过PID压力控制、变频器保护配置、人机界面等实现了对乳化液泵站的自动化控制,并通过实际案例分析验证了该技术的有效性和实用性。

水电站入侵监控视频数据扩容存储系统设计

设计水电站入侵监控视频数据扩容存储系统,有效提升水电站入侵监控视频数据存储容量,为水电站安全保障工作提供可靠依据。视频数据采集层使用基于FPGA的视频采集技术采集水电站入侵监控视频数据,经有效预处理后,由网络通信层发送给扩容存储层,扩容存储层接收到由网络通信层发送过来的水电站入侵监控视频数据后,采用合理的数据处理技术删除重复的水电站入侵监控视频数据,并利用视频数据容错算法结合数据扩容存储约束,合理控制水电站入侵监控视频数据弹性,实现水电站入侵监控视频数据扩容存储。实验结果表明,该系统可较好采集、传输与存储水电站入侵监控视频数据,有效提升系统存储容量,入侵监控视频数据存储的安全性以及稳定性均较高。

电动汽车充电站群电能质量协同监测技术

为解决现有电能质量监测技术存在的监测范围小、精度低的问题,优化设计电动汽车充电站群电能质量协同监测技术。根据电动汽车充电站群的组成结构,构建充电站群模型,模拟充电过程。针对电能质量指标配置相应的电能质量监测点,协同采集与处理电动汽车充电站群暂态信号,通过对扰动、谐波/间谐、电压偏差、频率偏差等指标的计算,得出电能质量的协同监测结果。通过与现有监测技术的对比,所设计监测技术的监测范围扩大了1306.24m^(2),且监测误差更低。

基于大数据技术的水电站设备故障诊断与预测研究

针对水电站设备故障诊断与预测问题,提出了基于大数据技术的研究方法。第一,介绍了大数据技术的发展及其在水电站设备故障诊断与预测中的重要性。第二,研究了大数据与水电站设备的关联性,包括水电站设备的一般性能和可能出现的故障类型,以及大数据技术在水电站设备运行监测中的应用。第三,探讨了大数据技术在水电站设备故障诊断和预测上的应用,包括数据收集和预处理、故障模式与效应分析,以及基于大数据的故障诊断策略和技术。第四,介绍了基于历史数据和实时数据的故障预测模型、基于机器学习的故障预测技术,以及故障预测结果的验证和评价方法。第五,通过典型的应用案例研究和分析,验证了大数据技术在水电站设备故障诊断与预测中的有效性。

基于超宽频电压监测的大型水电站雷击暂态过电压分析

水电站出线遭受雷击时将产生严重的雷击侵入过电压,站内GIS(气体绝缘组合电器)隔离开关和断路器操作也将激发VFTO(特快速暂态过电压),严重威胁GIS及变压器设备的绝缘安全。为此,在水电站主变压器高压侧的GIS设备上增设超宽频暂态电压传感器,构建水电站暂态电压在线监测系统,完整记录水电站出线遭受雷击时的站内暂态响应过程。通过对暂态电压时域和频域特征分析发现:水电站出线遭受雷击接地故障时,断路器可能出现断口重燃;基于侵入水电站的雷击暂态电压波形可实现准确的故障单端定位,当线路雷击距离水电站10 km以内时,侵入水电站内部的暂态电压将威胁变压器绝缘。利用超宽频暂态电压监测系统可准确记录水电站内异常暂态事件,通过各测点暂态波形的时域和频域特征对比分析,可定位暂态激励源位置,有助于发现设备异常并及时预警,保障设备运行可靠性和水电稳定外送。

基于多数据融合的水电机组全息监测系统及应用

随着全息检测技术与计算机性能的发展,水电站智能化研究逐渐成为评价水电行业的重要指标。提出了融合多数据的水电站相关设备的智能化监测系统,利用数字全息轮廓测量技术扫描转换原始模型的流道特征,利用传感器采集的不同工况下的运行参数与流场特性,基于云计算技术、大数据分析方法和人工智能等技术构建高效的数据分析与处理平台,逐级学习故障特征,进行故障预警定值的挖掘。该系统涵盖在线监测、故障诊断和预警、健康评估以及数据挖掘等功能,消除了水电站运行状态难监控、故障预警难发现和调度策略难实施等痛点,可为水电站全息监测系统的智能化改造、研究和发展提供一定的参考。