Application of computer-aided engineering optimum design method in aluminum profile extrusion mould

The finite element analysis and the optimum design of aluminum profile extrusion mould were investigated using the ANSYS software and its parameterized modeling method. The optimum dimensions of the mould were obtained. It is found that the stress distribution is very uneven, and the stress convergence is rather severe in the bridge of the aluminum profile extrusion mould. The optimum height of the mould is 70.527 mm, and the optimum radius of dividing holes are 70.182 mm and 80.663 mm. Increasing the height of the mould in the range of 61.282 mm to 70.422 mm can prolong its longevity, but when the height is over 70.422 mm, its longevity reduces.

Integrated computer-aided formulation design:A case study of andrographolide/cyclodextrin ternary formulation

Current formulation development strongly relies on trial-and-error experiments in the laboratory by pharmaceutical scientists,which is time-consuming,high cost and waste materials.This research aims to integrate various computational tools,including machine learning,molecular dynamic simulation and physiologically based absorption modeling(PBAM),to enhance andrographolide(AG)/cyclodextrins(CDs)formulation design.The light GBM prediction model we built before was utilized to predict AG/CDs inclusion's binding free energy.AG/γ-CD inclusion complexes showed the strongest binding affinity,which was experimentally validated by the phase solubility study.The molecular dynamic simulation was used to investigate the inclusion mechanism between AG andγ-CD,which was experimentally characterized by DSC,FTIR and NMR techniques.PBAM was applied to simulate the in vivo behavior of the formulations,which were validated by cell and animal experiments.Cell experiments revealed that the presence of D-α-Tocopherol polyethylene glycol succinate(TPGS)significantly increased the intracellular uptake of AG in MDCKMDR1 cells and the absorptive transport of AG in MDCK-MDR1 monolayers.The relative bioavailability of the AG-CD-TPGS ternary system in rats was increased to 2.6-fold and 1.59-fold compared with crude AG and commercial dropping pills,respectively.In conclusion,this is the first time to integrate various computational tools to develop a new AG-CD-TPGS ternary formulation with significant improvement of aqueous solubility,dissolution rate and bioavailability.The integrated computational tool is a novel and robust methodology to facilitate pharmaceutical formulation design.

Computer-Aided Design of Some Advanced Steels and Cemented Carbides

Thermodynamic and kinetic study on TRIP （transformation induced plasticity） steels, cemented carbides and mold steel for plastics were carried out in order to design modern advanced materials. With the sublattice model, equilibrium compositions of ferrite and austenite phases in TRIP steels, as well as volume fraction of austenite at inter-critical temperatures for different time were calculated. Concentration profiles of carbon, manganese, aluminum and silicon in the steels were also estimated in the lattice fixed frame of reference. The effect of Si and Mn on TRIP was discussed according to thermodynamic and kinetic analyses. In order to understand and produce the graded nanophase structure of cemented carbides, miscellaneous phases in the M-Co-C （M= Ti, Ta, Nh） systems and Co-V-C system were modeled. Solution parameters and thermodynamic： properties were listed in detail. The improvement of machining behavior of prehardened mould steel for plastics was obtained by computer-aided composition design. The results showed that the matrix composition of large-section prehardened mould steel for plastic markedly influences the precipitation of non-metallic inclusion and the composition control by the aid of Thermo-Calc software package minimizes the amount of detrimental oxide inclusion. In addition, the modification of calcium was optimized in composition design.

Computer-aided designing and manufacturing of advanced steels

Suitable optimization and simulation were performed using a powerful software package with a mature database as well as modem measurement facilities, which led to the successful designing and manufacturing of advanced steels. In the course of designing, the composition of a large section of prehardened mold steel for plastics was estimated so as to lower the quantities of oxide inclusions to change the type of carbides and to raise the machinability. The composition and process were adjusted to obtain satisfactory surface quality for the prevailing galvanization in transformation-induced plasticity （TRIP） steel. The refuting process of low-carbon steel was simulated in the light of both Thermo-Calc and Factsage. Thermodynamic and kinetic analyses were always conducted during the test and the procedure.

A Computer-aided Design System for Framed-mould in Autoclave Processing

The general computer-aided design （CAD） software cannot meet the mould design requirement of the autoclave process for composites, because many parameters such as temperature and pressure should be considered in the mould design process, in addition to the material and geometry of the part. A framed-mould computer-aided design system （FMCAD） used in the autoclave moulding process is proposed in this paper. A function model of the software is presented, in which influence factors such as part structure, mould structure, and process parameters are considered; a design model of the software is established using object oriented （O-O） technology to integrate the stiffness calculation, temperature field calculation, and deformation field calculation of mould in the design, and in the design model, a hybrid model of mould based on calculation feature and form feature is presented to support those calculations. A prototype system is developed, in which a mould design process wizard is built to integrate the input information, calculation, analysis, data storage, display, and design results of mould design. Finally, three design examples are used to verify the prototype.

Electrolyte Design for Low‑Temperature Li‑Metal Batteries:Challenges and Prospects

Electrolyte design holds the greatest opportunity for the development of batteries that are capable of sub-zero temperature operation.To get the most energy storage out of the battery at low temperatures,improvements in electrolyte chemistry need to be coupled with optimized electrode materials and tailored electrolyte/electrode interphases.Herein,this review critically outlines electrolytes’limiting factors,including reduced ionic conductivity,large de-solvation energy,sluggish charge transfer,and slow Li-ion transportation across the electrolyte/electrode interphases,which affect the low-temperature performance of Li-metal batteries.Detailed theoretical derivations that explain the explicit influence of temperature on battery performance are presented to deepen understanding.Emerging improvement strategies from the aspects of electrolyte design and electrolyte/electrode interphase engineering are summarized and rigorously compared.Perspectives on future research are proposed to guide the ongoing exploration for better low-temperature Li-metal batteries.

A Novel Human Antibody,HF,against HER2/erb-B2 Obtained by a Computer-Aided Antibody Design Method

Fully human antibodies have minimal immunogenicity and safety profiles.At present,most potential antibody drugs in clinical trials are humanized or fully human.Human antibodies are mostly generated using the phage display method(in vitro)or by transgenic mice(in vivo);other methods include B lymphocyte immortalization,human–human hybridoma,and single-cell polymerase chain reaction.Here,we describe a structure-based computer-aided de novo design technology for human antibody generation.Based on the complex structure of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER2)/Herceptin,we first designed six short peptides targeting the potential epitope of HER2 recognized by Herceptin.Next,these peptides were set as complementarity determining regions in a suitable immunoglobulin frame,giving birth to a novel anti-HER2 antibody named "HF,"which possessed higher affinity and more effective anti-tumor activity than Herceptin.Our work offers a useful tool for the quick design and selection of novel human antibodies for basic mechanical research as well as for imaging and clinical applications in immune-related diseases,such as cancer and infectious diseases.

Computer-Aided Design and Fabrication of Finger Prosthesis

Custom-made esthetic finger prostheses, which are used for rehabilitation of patients with missing or impaired fingers, have been fabricated manually. However, such fabrication is time-consuming and requires manual skill. Here we propose a computer-aided method for fabricating finger pros-theses to save time and allow fabrications that do not require considerable manual skill. In this method, the dimensions of a patient’s healthy finger on the contralateral hand are first measured using a caliper. Using these dimensions, a three-dimensional model is constructed for fabricating a prosthesis for the patient’s impaired finger. Using the 3D model, a mold is designed using 3D modeling tools and a computer-aided design system. The resulting mold is then fabricated using a 3D printer. A finger prosthesis is fabricated by pouring silicone resin into the mold. A finger prosthesis for a volunteer was experimentally fabricated according to the proposed method. To evaluate the size and shape of the finger prosthesis, the difference between the finger prosthesis and the original finger of the volunteer was analyzed. Because the average difference between them was 0.25 mm, it was concluded that the proposed method could be used to fabricate a finger prosthesis of adequate size and shape.

Computer-Aided Design of X-Ray Microtomographic Scanners

The article is to study the development of computer-aided design of X-ray microtomography—the device for investigating the structure and construction of three-dimensional images of organic and inorganic objects on the basis of shadow projections. This article provides basic information regarding CAD of X-ray microtomography and a scheme consisting of three levels. The article also shows basic relations of X-ray computed tomography, the generalized scheme of an X-ray microtomographic scanner. The methods of X-ray imaging of the spatial microstructure and morphometry of materials are described. The main characteristics of an X-ray microtomographic scanner, the X-ray source, X-ray optical elements and mechanical components of the positioning system are shown. The block scheme and software functional scheme for intelligent neural network system of analysis of the internal microstructure of objects are presented. The method of choice of design parameters of CAD of X-ray microtomography aims at improving the quality of design and reducing costs of it. It is supposed to reduce the design time and eliminate the growing number of engineers involved in development and construction of X-ray microtomographic scanners.

Application of Solid Thinking Evolve in Product Modeling Design

In view of application characteristics of Solid Thinking Evolve in product modeling design, and the practical design of cosmetics packaging, this paper introduced the unique Construction TreeTM, fast, convenient and easy features of Solid Thinking Evolve, and its application prospects in product development.

Gateside packwall design in solid backfill mining-A case study

Based upon characteristic movement features of the overlying strata in solid backfill mining and in-situ observations,an associated model representing a roadway support system has been developed.Based on the Winkler foundation and beam model,the current study presents a static analysis of the model,thus permitting acquisition of a theoretical formula pertaining to roof convergence.Through use of working face 6304-1(Jisan Colliery) as the research setting,the association between roof convergence magnitude and both packwall strength and width have been elucidated.Based upon observed conditions at the working face,realistic packwall parameters have been formulated,with numerical simulation results and field application results indicating that design parameters garnered from the developed formula successfully adapted to local geological movement and deformation.Accordingly,roadway deformation was shown to be within the permissible range,thus satisfying mine production requirements.The proposed method in the current study may give a design basis for pack design in the context of SBM under similar conditions.

Study on Mechanical Properties of High Fine Silty Basalt Fiber Shotcrete Based on Orthogonal Design

In order to improve the comprehensive utilization rate of highfines sand(HFS)produced by the mine,full solid waste shotcrete(HFS-BFRS)was prepared with HFS asfine aggregate in cooperation with basaltfiber(BF).The strength growth characteristics of HFS-BFRS were analyzed.And thefitting equation of compressive strength growth characteristics of HFS-BFRS under the synergistic effect of multiple factors was given.And based on the orthogonal experimental method,the effects on the compressive strength,splitting tensile strength andflex-ural strength of HFS-BFRS under the action of different levels of influencing factors were investigated.The effect of three factors on the mechanical properties of HFS-BFRS,3,and 28 d,respectively,was revealed by choosing the colloidal sand ratio(C/H),basaltfiber volume fraction(BF Vol)and naphthalene high-efficiency water reducing agent(FDN)as the design variables,combined with indoor tests and theoretical analysis.The results show that the sensitivity of the three factors on compressive strength andflexural strength is C/H>FDN>BF Vol,and split-ting tensile strength is BF Vol>FDN>C/H.Finally,thefitting ratio of HFS-BFRS was optimized by the factor index method,and the rationality was verified by thefield test.For thefluidity of HFS-BFRS,the slump can be improved by 139%under the action of 1.2%FDN,which guarantees the pump-ability of HFS-BFRS.

Reverse design of microstructure and application effectiveness for semi-solid processing of aluminum alloy

The hypoeutectic Al-Si alloy billet with non-dendrite was reheated to meet the needs of the semi-solid thixoforming microstructure by four kinds of reheating power,achieving the same final temperature of 851 K.Subsequently,under the same condition of thixoforming,the microstructure,surface hardness and tensile properties were observed.Afterwards,quantitative analysis was made for the microstructures of the reheated semi-solid of billet and the thixoforming parts.The results show that when the induction reheating power is 90 kW,the average grain size of the semi-solid billet is the minimum,the microstructures of the thixoforming samples also are the finest,and the mechanical properties of the relevant thixoforming samples are the best.Furthermore,after studying on the relationship between the microstructures of the semi-solid billet of aluminum alloy and the mechanical properties of the thixoforming samples,the reverse design of microstructure is primarily achieved.Finally,the effectiveness of the reverse design for semi-solid microstructure is confirmed by an actual automobile part with complex shape.

基于Solid Works的转盘式沙漠种植机设计

针对当前市面上的沙漠种植机械品类少、设备笨重、工序单一、需要多人辅助作业且树苗的成活率难以保证,该文为直径为1~2 cm、高35~55 cm的树苗,设计一款自动化程度高、操作简单的转盘式沙漠种植机。该设备使用Solid Works2019软件对其机械结构进行设计,整体设备包括钻孔单元、旋转盘植树单元、覆土单元和设备车体;使用Adams 2016软件对其钻孔单元进行动态仿真分析,确保其尺寸设计的合理性。

三种固废改性生土材料配方设计及力学性能研究

为改善生土材料的力学性能,本研究以铁尾矿、煤矸石、电石渣、油泥与水泥等材料作为掺和料对生土进行改性。基于单形格子法设计配方,对3种配方、180个改性生土试件进行抗压强度试验,研究不同因素对试件破坏形态、抗压强度和试验数据离散性的影响;利用频数分析法,研究了固废改性生土材料的最优配方;通过CT扫描,从细观层面分析受荷后材料内部的分形和孔隙。结果表明:改性生土试件抗压破坏形态基本相同,极限位移受掺料影响显著。以煤矸石与电石渣、铁尾矿与水泥、油泥与水泥作为掺和料均可大幅提高改性生土试件的力学性能,掺和料种类、掺量对改性生土试件强度及数据离散性影响显著。经过频数寻优,3种配方的理想强度掺和料配比分别为1)铁尾矿12.1%~19.5%(质量分数,下同)、水泥13.9%~19.1%、生土65.5%~69.9%;2)电石渣6.7%~14.1%、煤矸石8.9%~11.8%、生土76.7%~81.8%;3)油泥11.4%~14.4%、水泥17.4%~19.4%、生土67.1%~70.5%。材料内部的分形和孔隙特征稳定,表现出较小的波动性和良好的密实性。

WC-Ni基硬质合金的基础研究进展

WC-Ni基硬质合金可应用在磁性材料成形模具和核主泵机械密封关键部件等极端工况领域。由于材料体系的本征特性,WC-Ni基硬质合金的高性能化和质量稳定性控制一直面临挑战。两相区碳窗口、固液转变温度、液相烧结过程中的润湿行为,以及合金组元在黏结相中的固溶特性,是硬质复合材料成分及其制备工艺设计的关键参数。本文以制备工艺体系最完善的WC-Co基硬质合金为参比对象,从上述4个方面对WC-Ni基硬质合金的本征特性及其研究进展进行综述,旨在强化对WC-Ni基硬质合金本征特性的理解,为高性能WC-Ni基硬质合金新材料高效开发提供参考。

固体运载火箭发射轨道一种快速生成方法

通过采用牛顿迭代法快速优化发射方位角,克服了发射方位角初值偏差过大的缺陷,极大缩短了优化时间。通过采用基于特征参数网格化的程序角优化设计技术,建立了程序角设计参数数据库,在机动发射的情况下能够快速进行参数插值,避免了大量优化计算过程,有力地支持了机动发射情况下发射轨道的快速生成。最后通过仿真证明设计算法的有效性和正确性。

异型仿生艺术建筑数字化绿色建造技术研究与实践

随着中国经济的快速发展和建筑业的转型升级,“双碳”战略的落地促使各行业加快产业转型。由新西兰建筑设计师Fred先生设计、位于深圳的玛丝菲尔总部一期工程、二期工程,其结构体系利用大自然经过亿万年进化的仿生学原理,运用生物力学的智慧实现薄壳、大跨结构的最优解。同时项目在建筑材料的选用上进行了创造性的尝试,回收建筑废弃物作为装修用材,在建筑固废处理方面提供了新思路。仿生艺术建筑独特结构和装饰的设计表达及结构验算迫切需要采用数字建造技术来实现,真正实现BIM正向设计。我司通过采用数字建造技术结合工程实际解决测量定位、产品加工、现场施工等一系列困难,打造了一座集仿生、绿色为一体的办公综合体。

漆黄素固体脂质纳米粒的制备及体外释放评价

目的制备漆黄素固体脂质纳米粒(FIT-SLN),对其进行质量评价并考察其体外释放作用。方法采用乳化蒸发-低温固化法制备FIT-SLN,利用Box-Behnken设计试验优化处方工艺,并制成冻干粉末。考察其外观、粒径、Zeta电位,并通过差示量热扫描仪判断药物在FIT-SLN冻干粉中的存在状态,透析袋法评价制剂在不同介质中的体外释放行为。结果FIT-SLN的最佳制备工艺:漆黄素用量3 mg、吐温80用量115μL、双硬脂酸甘油酯(Precirol ATO 5)用量30 mg、卵磷脂用量30 mg。所得FIT-SLN的粒径、Zeta电位、包封率分别为(124.53±2.00)nm、(-21.33±1.69)mV、77.89%,体外释放规律与一级动力学方程相符。结论成功制备粒径小、包封率高的FIT-SLN,其具有一定的缓释能力。

面向智能制造的实木家具产品数字化设计技术

在智能制造技术的推动下,传统家具制造业迈上了数字化转型的道路。相较于已发展完善工业4.0设计生产一体化的板式家具,实木家具因其缺乏标准化、信息化程度低等因素,数字化转型亟待寻求发展路径。设计是设计生产一体化定制流程的第一环节,是流程的数据源头,因而设计阶段的技术突破是传统实木家具企业实现数字化转型的首要步骤,数字化设计技术是实木家具企业数字化转型的关键技术。在总结我国实木家具设计生产一体化现状的基础上,分析实木家具发展数字化转型亟待解决的难点问题,即改善实木家具设计模式、规范产品体系、提高零部件标准化、建立完善产品数据库和生产工艺数据库。以实木家具产品设计为切入点,分析数字化软件在一体化发展中的应用,基于传统家具企业数字化转型升级路径,构建了实木家具数字化设计实施技术路径,具体包括:数字化模型构建(产品成组和零部件标准化、信息数据模型构建)、产品数据库构建、系统数据对接、基于数字化设计平台的大规模定制等,旨在为我国实木家具的数字化转型升级提供一定的参考。