This essay offers a conceptualist reading of Kant to address two central issues in Critique of Judgment:what is the nature of the judgment of beauty,and how it bears on the a priori principle of judgment.Challenging t...This essay offers a conceptualist reading of Kant to address two central issues in Critique of Judgment:what is the nature of the judgment of beauty,and how it bears on the a priori principle of judgment.Challenging the popular subjectivist approach which conceives Kant's judgment of beauty as a nonconceptual mental state,I argue that the judgment of beauty in Kant is a fullfledged judgment whose conceptual contents are aesthetic appreciation and criticism,and that the principle of subjective purposiveness in judgment refers to a generic concept instead of a mental episode.My view has the advantage over the subjectivism of both preserving the intuitive idea that aesthetic judgments have rich conceptual contents,and of avoiding the theoretical difficulties which subjectivism suffers.To sharpen my focus,I will present a sophisticated subjectivist reading of Kant's aesthetics given by Hannah Ginsborg in section 2,and in section 3 give my criticism of Ginsborg's theory,which also reveals a fundamental limit of the subjectivist approach in general.Finally,in section 4 I give my own conceptualist reading of Kant's aesthetics and respond to potential challenges from the subjectivist camp.展开更多
文摘【目的】针对Mean squared error(MSE)作为损失函数在人眼感知方面存在局限性,以及基于卷积神经网络的图像超分辨率(Super-resolution,SR)算法生成的图像存在参数较多、计算量较大、训练时间较长、纹理模糊等问题,设计基于深层卷积神经网络的单幅图像超分辨率重建模型。【方法】使用ImageNet预先训练的大型卷积神经网络Visual geometry group(VGG)模型提取图像特征,利用该特征设计视觉感知损失函数进行训练学习,引入亚像素卷积层(Sub-pixel convolution)替换上采样层,缓解生成图像的棋盘效应。【结果】设计的模型对放大两倍的图像进行超分辨率修复,与其他4种超分辨率重建模型的Peak signal to noise ratio(PSNR)值接近,且生成图像的视觉效果更加清晰逼真,细节更加细腻。【结论】该模型可以实现输入不同大小的低分辨率图像而不必多次训练学习不同比例的放大模型,可以实现对不同放大倍数图像的训练和预测,在保持一定PSNR正确率的前提下,放大后的超分辨率图像能够恢复更多纹理细节和更佳视觉效果。
文摘This essay offers a conceptualist reading of Kant to address two central issues in Critique of Judgment:what is the nature of the judgment of beauty,and how it bears on the a priori principle of judgment.Challenging the popular subjectivist approach which conceives Kant's judgment of beauty as a nonconceptual mental state,I argue that the judgment of beauty in Kant is a fullfledged judgment whose conceptual contents are aesthetic appreciation and criticism,and that the principle of subjective purposiveness in judgment refers to a generic concept instead of a mental episode.My view has the advantage over the subjectivism of both preserving the intuitive idea that aesthetic judgments have rich conceptual contents,and of avoiding the theoretical difficulties which subjectivism suffers.To sharpen my focus,I will present a sophisticated subjectivist reading of Kant's aesthetics given by Hannah Ginsborg in section 2,and in section 3 give my criticism of Ginsborg's theory,which also reveals a fundamental limit of the subjectivist approach in general.Finally,in section 4 I give my own conceptualist reading of Kant's aesthetics and respond to potential challenges from the subjectivist camp.
