Autoimmune hepatitis(AIH)is a chronic inflammatory liver disease that threatens human health worldwide.The aim of this study was to detect the protective effect of a fermented Lentinus edodes extract containingα-gluc...Autoimmune hepatitis(AIH)is a chronic inflammatory liver disease that threatens human health worldwide.The aim of this study was to detect the protective effect of a fermented Lentinus edodes extract containingα-glucan(FLA),in a concanavalin A(Con A)-induced AIH mouse model and to determine the underlying liver-protective mechanism.The results showed that compared with the model group,the level of proinflammatory cytokines in serum of FLA pretreated mice was significantly decreased,and the degree of inflammatory cell infiltration in liver,thymus and spleen was significantly reduced.Quantitative polymerase chain reaction,immunohistochemistry,and Western blotting showed that FLA pre-treatment inhibited the Con A-induced apoptosis of hepatocytes by down-regulating the expression of BAX and up-regulating the expression of BCL-2.Further research found that FLA may improve liver injury in mice by activating NRF2 signaling pathway and inhibiting TRAF6/NF-κB signaling pathway.Thus,FLA may improve liver injury in mice by shifting gut microbial composition to reduce the release of inflammatory cytokines in the serum and prevent the necrosis of hepatocytes.Up-regulation of NRF2 signaling pathway,down-regulation of TRAF6/NF-κB signaling pathway,and an increase in the relative abundance of Lactobacillus_johnsonii and Ligilactobacillus_murinus play a protective role in liver.展开更多
LCA and ConA-binding glycoconjugates on cricket (Teleogryllus emma) sperm surface were detected with fluorescence microscope after FITC labelling for better understanding of the distribution of glycoconjugates during ...LCA and ConA-binding glycoconjugates on cricket (Teleogryllus emma) sperm surface were detected with fluorescence microscope after FITC labelling for better understanding of the distribution of glycoconjugates during spermatogenesis and spermiogenesis. FITC-LCA and FITC-ConA were bound on the spermatocytes, and their distribution changes in the process of spermiogenesis were observed .In the testis sperm, FITC-LCA and FITC-ConA were mainly bound on the head and neck region. That is different from the mark pattern of spermatophore sperm, in which the nucleus, neck region and front of the tail showed obvious fluorescence mark, especially the acrosome complex and neck region exhibited stronger mark. The mark patterns of FITC-LCA and FITC-ConA were similar,though the former was distinctly clearer than the latter. But a little difference still exists in both of them. For example in the ninth stage of spermatid, FITC-LCA mark is located on the spermatid head and neck region, and FITC-ConA mark on the spermatid head, neck and front of the tail region. When fixed germ cells were treated with PBS instead of lectin solution, or fixed cells were incubated with lectin solution, which have been treated with 0.1 mol/L specific sugar inhibitor, i.e.α-D-mannose for FITC-LCA and FITC-ConA, and α-D-glucose for FITC-ConA, no mark was observed on the cells. Those results indicate that FITC-LCA conjugated glycoconjugates has the α-D- mannose residue, and FITC-ConA conjugated glycoconjugates has the α-D-mannose and α-D-glucose residue. The investigations show that the changes in glycoconjugates distribution of cricket sperm is similar to those of other insects and mammals. The evidence exhibit that a common rule of the glycoconjugates distribution on the sperm surface is followed by most of animal sperm which may relate to the function of sperm physiology.展开更多
基金supported by the Shanghai Lithy One-Health Group Technology Co.,Ltd.,Project(114-KH210230A)。
文摘Autoimmune hepatitis(AIH)is a chronic inflammatory liver disease that threatens human health worldwide.The aim of this study was to detect the protective effect of a fermented Lentinus edodes extract containingα-glucan(FLA),in a concanavalin A(Con A)-induced AIH mouse model and to determine the underlying liver-protective mechanism.The results showed that compared with the model group,the level of proinflammatory cytokines in serum of FLA pretreated mice was significantly decreased,and the degree of inflammatory cell infiltration in liver,thymus and spleen was significantly reduced.Quantitative polymerase chain reaction,immunohistochemistry,and Western blotting showed that FLA pre-treatment inhibited the Con A-induced apoptosis of hepatocytes by down-regulating the expression of BAX and up-regulating the expression of BCL-2.Further research found that FLA may improve liver injury in mice by activating NRF2 signaling pathway and inhibiting TRAF6/NF-κB signaling pathway.Thus,FLA may improve liver injury in mice by shifting gut microbial composition to reduce the release of inflammatory cytokines in the serum and prevent the necrosis of hepatocytes.Up-regulation of NRF2 signaling pathway,down-regulation of TRAF6/NF-κB signaling pathway,and an increase in the relative abundance of Lactobacillus_johnsonii and Ligilactobacillus_murinus play a protective role in liver.
文摘LCA and ConA-binding glycoconjugates on cricket (Teleogryllus emma) sperm surface were detected with fluorescence microscope after FITC labelling for better understanding of the distribution of glycoconjugates during spermatogenesis and spermiogenesis. FITC-LCA and FITC-ConA were bound on the spermatocytes, and their distribution changes in the process of spermiogenesis were observed .In the testis sperm, FITC-LCA and FITC-ConA were mainly bound on the head and neck region. That is different from the mark pattern of spermatophore sperm, in which the nucleus, neck region and front of the tail showed obvious fluorescence mark, especially the acrosome complex and neck region exhibited stronger mark. The mark patterns of FITC-LCA and FITC-ConA were similar,though the former was distinctly clearer than the latter. But a little difference still exists in both of them. For example in the ninth stage of spermatid, FITC-LCA mark is located on the spermatid head and neck region, and FITC-ConA mark on the spermatid head, neck and front of the tail region. When fixed germ cells were treated with PBS instead of lectin solution, or fixed cells were incubated with lectin solution, which have been treated with 0.1 mol/L specific sugar inhibitor, i.e.α-D-mannose for FITC-LCA and FITC-ConA, and α-D-glucose for FITC-ConA, no mark was observed on the cells. Those results indicate that FITC-LCA conjugated glycoconjugates has the α-D- mannose residue, and FITC-ConA conjugated glycoconjugates has the α-D-mannose and α-D-glucose residue. The investigations show that the changes in glycoconjugates distribution of cricket sperm is similar to those of other insects and mammals. The evidence exhibit that a common rule of the glycoconjugates distribution on the sperm surface is followed by most of animal sperm which may relate to the function of sperm physiology.
