Effective dynamics for a spin-1/2 particle constrained to a curved layer with inhomogeneous thickness

We derive an effective Hamiltonian for a spin-1/2 particle confined within a curved thin layer with non-uniform thickness using the confining potential approach.Our analysis reveals the presence of a pseudo-magnetic field and effective spin–orbit interaction(SOI)arising from the curvature,as well as an effective scalar potential resulting from variations in thickness.Importantly,we demonstrate that the physical effect of additional SOI from thickness fluctuations vanishes in low-dimensional systems,thus guaranteeing the robustness of spin interference measurements to thickness imperfection.Furthermore,we establish the applicability of the effective Hamiltonian in both symmetric and asymmetric confinement scenarios,which is crucial for its utilization in one-side etching systems.

Curved surface effect and emission on silicon nanostructures

The curved surface （CS） effect on nanosilicon plays a main role in the activation for emission and photonic manipulation. The CS effect breaks the symmetrical shape of nanosilicon on which some bonds can produce localized electron states in the band gap. The investigation in calculation and experiment demonstrates that the different curvatures can form the characteristic electron states for some special bonding on the nanosilicon surface, which are related to a series of peaks in photoluminecience （PL）, such as LN, LNO, Lo1, and Lo2 lines in PL spectra due to Si-N, Si-NO, Si=O, and Si-O-Si bonds on curved surface, respectively. Si-Yb bond on curved surface of Si nanostructures can provide the localized states in the band gap deeply and manipulate the emission wavelength into the window of optical communication by the CS effect, which is marked as the Lyb line of electroluminescence （EL） emission.

A Review of Geothermal Type-Curves with Damage Effect: A Case of Practical Apply to a Mexican Geothermal Field

A review of the art state was developed about the inflow relationships and their application for reservoir characterization. The theoretical development of the methodology for determining the damage effect using type-curves of the inflow relationships was shown. We show the process followed for achieve the geothermal type-curve affected with damage for reservoirs with mean salinities of 30000 ppm and temperatures up to 350℃. This type-curve was applied using measurement production data in a Mexican geothermal field. According with the obtained results is shown that the methodology for determining the damage effect using production measurements is a sure alternative for the damage effect calculation. It was used an alternative methodology in order to validate the damage presence and the obtained results were consistent. Last thing shows that both methodologies can be combined as a confident manner.

基于Curve Fitting Toolbox的普朗克常数测定

介绍了使用MATLAB曲线拟合工具箱(Curve Fitting Toolbox)对光电效应实验数据进行曲线拟合,并利用曲线拟合的结果计算得到了普朗克常数.结果显示,利用曲线拟合工具箱能方便、直观的对实验数据进行拟合,使得实验的数据处理过程方便、准确.

Study on curved surface fitting model using GPS and leveling in local area

The height anomaly surface is fitt and the quasi-geoid can be obtained when the height anomaly is determined with the geometric analytic method. Therefore, some mathematical models to fit height anomaly surface using GPS, leveling and terrain data in a local area, including the polynomial fitting model, the multi-surface function fitting model, the motion surface fitting model and the fitting model of little flexibility deformation of thin board, are given. Then the digital characteristics are analyzed with the curved surface theory. The General curvature and the mean curvature of surface are concluded. The advantage, disadvantage and application of the above models are discussed. The effect of terrain undulation on height anomaly is considered in the surface fitting models. The practical case indicates that these models are of validity and practicability. It is concluded that the above models can give the good fitting results at the centimeter level. But the polynomial fitting model is worse than the other models.

Impact of Monthly Curve Number on Daily Runoff Estimation for Ozat Catchment in India

The Soil Conservation Service Curve Number (SCS-CN) is a well-established loss-rate model to estimate runoff. It combines watershed parameters and climatic factors in one entity curve number (CN). The CN exhibits an inherent seasonality beyond its spatial variability, which cannot be accounted for by the conventional methods. In the present study, an attempt has been made to determine the CN for different months of monsoon season with an objective to evaluate the impact of monthly CN on runoff estimation for Ozat catchment (Gujarat State, India). The standard CN and month wise CN were determined by three procedures, viz, the median, geometric mean and standard asymptotic fit using gauged rainfall and runoff. This study shows that the predictive capability of CN determination methods can be improved by using monthly CN. Refined Willmott’s index (dr) and mean absolute error (MAE) were used to assess and validate the performance of each method. The asymptotic fit CN method with monthly CN resulting dr from 0.46 to 0.49 and MAE from 1.13 mm to 1.18 mm was judged to be more consistent with the existing commonly used CN methods in terms of runoff estimation for the study area.

Development of seismic fragility curves for precast concrete frames with cast-in-situ concrete shear-walls

Precast reinforced concrete buildings have been well received in some seismic zones worldwide due to advantages such as the ease and the speed of implementation,and the possibility of working in inappropriate atmospheric conditions.In this research,seismic fragility curves were developed for precast concrete frames with a cast-in-situ concrete shear-wall,concerning the important issues of modeling the precast beam-column joints,construction quality,and soil type effects.For this purpose,the incremental dynamic analysis(IDA)was conducted for three-dimensional models of 3-,5-,and 8-story buildings under two record sets corresponding to soil types C and D of the NEHRP code.Beam-column joints were modeled using nonlinear rotational springs with rigid links with respect to the finite size of the joint panel.Results demonstrate that the Weibull distribution can be fitted to the damage state capacities better than the lognormal distribution at the intensities that are more than one standard deviation away from the median damage capacity.The seismic vulnerability of precast structures increases at all damage states as the height of the building increases.It is also observed that soil type has almost no considerable effect on the fragility curve parameters for all damage states considered herein.

Electromagnetohydrodynamic flows and mass transport in curved rectangular microchannels

Curved microchannels are often encountered in lab-on-chip systems because the effective axial channel lengths of such channels are often larger than those of straight microchannels for a given per unit chip length.In this paper,the effective diffusivity of a neutral solute in an oscillating electromagnetohydrodynamic(EMHD)flow through a curved rectangular microchannel is investigated theoretically.The flow is assumed as a creeping flow due to the extremely low Reynolds number in such microflow systems.Through the theoretical analysis,we find that the effective diffusivity primarily depends on five dimensionless parameters,i.e.,the curvature ratio of the curved channel,the Schmidt number,the tidal displacement,the angular Reynolds number,and the dimensionless electric field strength parameter.Based on the obtained results,we can precisely control the mass transfer characteristics of the EMHD flow in a curved rectangular microchannel by appropriately altering the corresponding parameter values.

Bradley Curve视角下矿工违章行为的惩罚机制分析

为有效约束矿工违章行为、促进煤矿安全生产,从惩罚机制有无溢出效应的对比视角出发,构建矿工与煤矿企业的演化博弈模型,分析两种惩罚机制下系统的演化稳定策略,并以平顶山市某煤矿的“安全伙伴”制度为例进行算例分析。研究结果从制度层面验证了Bradley Curve存在的合理性,即针对群体互助管理的溢出性惩罚制度优于针对个体独立管理的非溢出性惩罚制度;实施溢出性惩罚制度可以促使矿工由Bradley Curve中的自主管理阶段转向互助管理阶段,从而降低事故伤害的概率。结合示例,该煤矿的最优安全伙伴成员数量为2人。

Modeling and Analyzing for a Novel Continuum Model Considering Self-Stabilizing Control on Curved Road with Slope

It is essential to fully understand master the traffic characteristics of the self-stabilizing control effect and roadcharacteristics to ensure the regular operation of transportation. Traffic flow on curved roads and slopes is irregularand more complicated than that on the straight road. However, most of the research only considers the effect ofself-stabilizing in the straight road. This study attempts to bridge this deficiency from the following three aspects.First, we review the potential influencing factors of traffic flow stability, which are related to the vehicle’s steadyvelocity, history velocity, and the turn radius of the road and the slope of the road. Based on the above review,an extended continuum model accounting for the self-stabilizing effect on a curved road with slope is proposed.Second, the linear stability criterion of the new model is derived by applying linear stability theory, and the neutralstability curve is obtained in detail. The modified KdV equation describing the evolution characteristics of trafficcongestion is derived by using the nonlinear analysis method. Upon the theoretical analysis, the third aspectfocuses on simulating the self-stabilizing effect under different slopes and radius, which demonstrates that theself-stabilizing effect is conducive to reducing congestion of the curved road with slope.

Matrix effect suppressing in the element analysis of soils by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy with acoustic correction

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy(LIBS)has been used for soil analysis,but its measurement accuracy is often influenced by matrix effects of different kinds of soils.In this work,a method for matrix effect suppressing was developed using laser-induced plasma acoustic signals to correct the original spectrum,thereby improving the analysis accuracy of the soil elements.A good linear relationship was investigated firstly between the original spectral intensity and the acoustic signals.The relative standard deviations(RSDs)of Mg,Ca,Sr,and Ba elements were then calculated for both the original spectrum and the spectrum with the acoustic correction,and the RSDs were significantly reduced with the acoustic correction.Finally,calibration curves of MgⅠ285.213 nm,CaⅠ422.673 nm,SrⅠ460.733 nm and BaⅡ455.403 nm were established to assess the analytical performance of the proposed acoustic correction method.The values of the determination coefficient(R~2)of the calibration curves for Mg,Ca,Sr,and Ba elements,corrected by the acoustic amplitude,are improved from 0.9845,0.9588,0.6165,and 0.6490 to 0.9876,0.9677,0.8768,and 0.8209,respectively.The values of R~2 of the calibration curves corrected by the acoustic energy are further improved to 0.9917,0.9827,0.8835,and 0.8694,respectively.These results suggest that the matrix effect of LIBS on soils can be clearly improved by using acoustic correction,and acoustic energy correction works more efficiently than acoustic amplitude correction.This work provides a simple and efficient method for correcting matrix effects in the element analysis of soils by acoustic signals.

ANALYSIS AND PREDICTION OF INTERFERENCE IN ASSEMBLING CURVED BEVEL GEARS

The phenomena of interference in the course of assembling curved bevel gears are ana. lysed and the corresponding prediction program of interference is established taking KlingInberg bevel gear as an exmple. The factors influencing interferenee are discussed and the coneept ofcritical cutter radius is proposed. Finally, a simplified approximate function between the critical cutter ra- dius and the other factors is derived,and the designing method of avoiding interferenee is provided. The analysis and caiculation are proved to consistent with a case of actual product.

Discrimination of Structural Isomers of Aromatic Compounds with EI Mass Spectra and Their Ionization Efficiency Curves of Dehydrogenated Fragment Ions

The mechanism of ionization and fragmentation for terphenyl (diphenylbenzene) with three structural ring isomers (ortho-, meta- and para-), and stilbene (1,2-diphenylethylene) with two geometrical isomers (trans- and cis-) by EI mass spectrometry and ionization efficiency curves are investigation.

Experimental Study and Fragility Analysis of Effective-Length Factors in Column Buckling

The design of columns relies heavily on the basis of Leonhard Euler’s Theory of Elastic Buckling.However,to increase the accuracy in determining the maximum critical load a column can withstand before buckling,a constant was introduced.This dimensionless coefficient is K,also known as the effective-length factor.This constant is often found in building design codes and varies in value depending on the type of column support that is applied.This paper presents experimental and analytical studies on the determination of the effective-length factor in the buckling stability of columns with partially-fixed support conditions.To this end,the accurate K value of the columns tested by the Instron Testing Machine(ITM)at California State University,Northridge’s(CSUN’s)Mechanics Laboratory is determined.The ITM is used in studying the buckling of columns where the supports are neither pinned nor fixed,and the material cross-section rather rests upon the machine while loading is applied axially.Several column specimens were tested and the experimental data were analyzed in order to estimation of the accurate effective-length factor.The calculations from the tested results as well as the conducted probabilistic analysis shed light on how a fragility curve may aid in predicting the effective-length value of future tests.

Inverse J-curve of RMB Appreciation:China Versus America

This is a research report of the study on the inverse J-curve effect of RMB appreciation based on the empirical analysis of trading data between China and America during 1994-2012.This report uses the Marshall-Lerner conditions on J-curve effect explanation,and theoretically analyzes the inverse J-curve effect.Through empirical analysis,that reveals the empirical results exist the‘inverse J-curve effect’in the process of Chinese Yuan appreciation.

曲线轨道式隔震装置的结构优化与应用研究

针对浮放物体的防震保护需求,研发出一款基于新型抗侧移组件的曲线轨道式隔震装置。阐述它的构造特点和运行机制,并依据结构原理制作模型,通过试验与理论对比来检验模型的运行质量进而验证方案的可行性。然后结合雨花阁内文物来设计样机,采用多条楼面波进行样机的振动台试验,测试其隔震效果。最后探讨建筑滤波效应对该类隔震装置设计的影响。研究结果表明:曲线轨道式隔震装置经优化后不仅零部件功能清晰,结构简单易加工,而且具备整体性强、运行质量高以及后期可扩展等优势。试验模型的零部件能充分发挥各自功能,尤其是抗侧移组件极大提高了模型的稳定性和可靠性,理论分析与试验结果吻合良好。结合案例所设计的样机虽具有较好的隔震性能,但限于非线性双自由度的结构特点,重复试验的响应结果存在差异,工程应用中应予以重视。当楼面波不易获取且隔震装置周期远离建筑自振周期时,依据楼面加速度放大系数,将调幅后的原始波作为隔震装置设计依据是可行的且结果偏保守。

肾小管及肾小球标志物在2型糖尿病患者不同肾损伤阶段诊断价值的研究

目的探讨肾小管及肾小球相关标志物在2型糖尿病(type 2 diabetes mellitus,T2DM)患者不同肾损伤阶段的诊断价值。方法选取于2018年4月1日至2019年10月31日入住首都医科大学附属北京同仁医院内分泌科的T2DM患者272例,完善临床生化指标及尿蛋白四项:尿微量白蛋白/肌酐(urinary albumin to creatinine ratio,ACR)、α1-微球蛋白/肌酐(urinary α1-microglobulin to creatinine ratio,UA1CR)、免疫球蛋白G/肌酐(urinary immunoglobulin G to creatinine ratio,UIGG)、转铁蛋白/肌酐(urinary transferrin to creatinine ratio,UTRF);进行眼底照相、核医学99mTc-EC检测肾有效血浆流量(effective renal plasma flow,ERPF)和99mTc-DTPA检测肾小球滤过率(glomerular filtration rate,GFR)。根据ACR和眼底检查结果分为4组:正常蛋白尿无糖尿病视网膜病变(diabetic retinopathy,DR)132例,即对照组(ACR≤30 mg/g);正常蛋白尿合并DR 32例,为糖尿病肾病(diabetic kidney disease,DKD)前期组;微量蛋白尿组78例(30<ACR≤300 mg/g)和大量蛋白尿组30例(ACR>300 mg/g)。比较四组间尿蛋白四项和ERPF、GFR的水平,通过受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线评价上述各指标在不同肾损伤阶段的诊断价值。结果尿蛋白四项和ERPF、GFR的水平在不同组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。在尿蛋白正常组中,DR组中肾小管功能标志物UA1CR较对照组明显升高(P<0.01);肾小球功能标志物ACR、UTRF和GFR在两组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),DR组UIGG较对照组升高(P<0.01)。在微量蛋白尿组和大量蛋白尿组,尿蛋白四项随肾损伤程度增加而增加,而ERPF和GFR随肾损伤程度增加而降低。ROC曲线分析显示,在尿蛋白排出正常的T2DM患者中合并DR组中肾小管功能标志物UA1CR和ERPF的曲线下面积(area under the curve,AUC)分别为68.2%(P<0.01)和60.5%(P<0.05),而肾小球功能标志物ACR和GFR的AUC均小于60%,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。尿蛋白四项及GFR在微量和大量蛋白尿组的AUC均大于60%(P<0.05),ERPF在大量蛋白尿组AUC为67.2%(P<0.05)。结论T2DM极早期微血管改变即ACR正常仅有DR时,肾小管标志物UA1CR先于肾小球标志物ACR和GFR发生变化。肾损伤早期,肾小管标志物诊断效能优于肾小球;肾损伤后期,肾小球标志物诊断效能优于肾小管。提示DKD肾小管功能的改变可能早于肾小球。

不同加载条件下含瓦斯煤岩强度极限邻域范围研究

煤与瓦斯突出灾害的发生机理尚不清楚,据流变假说,含瓦斯煤岩在长期载荷下可能进入“强度极限邻域”,此时受外部冲击扰动更易破坏。为研究不同加载条件下含瓦斯煤岩的“强度极限邻域”,以找到进入该状态的影响规律,并建立相应的微观判别标准,利用自主研发的岩石流变扰动效应三轴试验系统和煤岩流变扰动效应渗流实验装置,开展不同围压、不同瓦斯压力、轴压下的含瓦斯煤岩流变扰动实验,通过核磁共振手段对流变扰动前后煤岩进行分析对比,得到不同加载条件下的孔隙率、孔径分布、T_(2)谱曲线。试验结果表明:①不同加载条件下的煤岩流变过程中,存在一个应力阈值,可以使得煤岩在受到外部冲击扰动后阈值左右邻域有不同力学性质的表现;当施加力小于此阈值时,冲击扰动后,煤岩的孔隙度减小,煤样随之被压缩紧密,T_(2)谱曲线中代表大孔径的谱峰降低,谱峰曲线左移;当施加力大于此阈值时,冲击扰动后,煤岩大孔径孔隙增多,T_(2)谱曲线出现右移,所有谱峰高度增大,说明该应力阈值是用来判断煤岩是否进入“强度极限邻域”关键。②围压和瓦斯压力对煤岩的影响具有相反的力学作用性质,在抗压能力、损伤程度、长期强度、“强度极限邻域”中有所表现,其中,围压越大,煤岩越晚进入“强度极限邻域”,瓦斯压力越大,煤岩则越早进入该邻域。③煤岩的孔径分布、T_(2)谱曲线能直观反映了煤岩“强度极限邻域”内、外微观变化特征。④通过煤岩孔隙率所确定的进入“强度极限邻域”时的轴压与围压、瓦斯压力构建函数方程可判断不同加载条件煤岩进入“强度极限邻域”的时机,作为进入“强度极限邻域”范围时的判别标准,其中围压越大,此时进入“强度极限邻域”范围时的应力阈值越大;瓦斯压力越大,进入“强度极限邻域”时的应力阈值越小。