Live yeast(Saccharomyces cerevisiae) constitutes an effective additive for animal production;its probiotic effect may be related to the concentrate-to-forage ratio(CTFR).The objective of this study was to assess the e...Live yeast(Saccharomyces cerevisiae) constitutes an effective additive for animal production;its probiotic effect may be related to the concentrate-to-forage ratio(CTFR).The objective of this study was to assess the effects of S.cerevisiae(SC) on fiber degradation and rumen microbial populations in steers fed diets with different levels of dietary concentrate.Ten Simmental × Local crossbred steers(450 ± 50 kg BW) were assigned to a control group or an SC group.Both groups were fed the same basal diet but the SC group received SC supplementation(8 × 10~9 cfu/h/d through the ruminal fistula)following a two-period crossover design.Each period consisted of four phases,each of which lasted 17 d:10 d for dietary adaptation,6 d for degradation study,and 1 d for rumen sample collection.From the 1^(st) to the 4^(th) phase,steers were fed in a stepwise fashion with increasing CTFRs,i.e.,30:70,50:50,70:30,and 90:10.The kinetics of dry matter and fiber degradation of alfalfa pellets were evaluated;the rumen microbial populations were detected using real-time PCR.The results revealed no significant(P> 0.05) interactions between dietary CTFR and SC for most parameters.Dietary CTFR had a significant effect(P< 0.01) on degradation characteristics of alfalfa pellets and the copies of rumen microorganism;the increasing concentrate level resulted in linear,quadratic or cubic variation trend for these parameters.SC supplementation significantly(P< 0.05) affected dry matter(DM) and neutral detergent fiber(NDF)degradation rates(c_(DM),c_(NDF)) and NDF effective degradability(ED_(NDF)).Compared with the control group,there was an increasing trend of rumen fungi and protozoa in SC group(P < 0.1);copies of total bacteria in SC group were significantly higher(P< 0.05).Additionally,percentage of Ruminobacter amylophilus was significantly lower(P< 0.05)but percentage of Selenomonas ruminantium was significantly higher(P< 0.05) in the SC group.In a word,dietary CTFR had a significant effect on degradation characteristics of forage and rumen microbial population.S.cerevisiae had positive effects on DM and NDF degradation rate or effective degradability of forage;S.cerevisiae increased rumen total bacteria,fungi,protozoa,and lactate-utilizing bacteria but reduced starch-degrading and lactate-producing bacteria.展开更多
[Objective]The paper was to investigate the effects of dietary concentrate to forage ratios on production performance and serum bio-chemical indicators of post-fattening Hainan Yellow Cattle.[Method]Sixteen Hainan Yel...[Objective]The paper was to investigate the effects of dietary concentrate to forage ratios on production performance and serum bio-chemical indicators of post-fattening Hainan Yellow Cattle.[Method]Sixteen Hainan Yellow Cattles with the same genetic backgrounds and similar initial weight of(242.22 ±0.71 kg) were randomly divided into four treatments.Cattles were fed with diets of different concentrate to forage ratios(20:80, group Ⅰ;30:70, Group Ⅱ;40:60, group Ⅲ;50:50, group Ⅳ).The trial lasted 62 d.[Result]The daily gain in experimental group Ⅳ was significantly higher than that in experimental group Ⅱ(P<0.05), but the feed gain ratio in experimental group Ⅳ was lower than those in other ex-perimental groups(P>0.05).The feed intake in experimental group Ⅳ was also markedly higher than those in experimental groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ(P<0.05).Compared with the experimental group Ⅱ, the gross profit of experimental group Ⅳ was significantly promoted(P<0.05).The alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase activities in experimental group Ⅱ were markedly higher than those in experimental groups Ⅰ, Ⅲ and Ⅳ.[Conclusion]When the dietary concentrate to forage ratios was 50∶50, the production performance of post-fattening Hainan Yellow Cattle was better.展开更多
Twenty-eight male, weaned Chinese Holstein calves((156.8±33.4) kg) were used to investigate the effects of dietary forage to concentrate ratio(F:C) and forage length on nutrient digestibility, plasma metabolites,...Twenty-eight male, weaned Chinese Holstein calves((156.8±33.4) kg) were used to investigate the effects of dietary forage to concentrate ratio(F:C) and forage length on nutrient digestibility, plasma metabolites, ruminal fermentation, and fecal microflora. Animals were randomly allocated to four treatments in a 2×2 factorial arrangement: whole-length forage(WL) with low F:C(50:50); WL with high F:C(65:35); short-length forage(SL) with high F:C(65:35); and SL with low F:C(50:50). Chinese wildrye was used as the only forage source in this trial. The grass in the SL treatments was chopped using a chaff cutter to achieve small particle size(~50% particles >19 mm). Dry matter intake(DMI) and organic matter(OM) intake was increased by increasing both F:C(P<0.01) and forage length(FL)(P<0.05), while acid detergent fiber(ADF) and neutral detergent fiber(NDF) intakes were only increased by increasing the F:C(P<0.01). The digestibility of NDF was increased as the FL increased(P<0.01), and it was also affected by interaction between F:C and FL(P<0.05). Cholesterol(CHO)(P<0.01), leptin(LP)(P<0.05), and growth hormone(GH)(P<0.01) concentrations in plasma were increased as dietary F:C increased. A significant increase in plasma triglyceride(TG)(P<0.01), insulin(INS)(P<0.05), and GH(P<0.01) levels was observed with decreasing dietary FL. Ruminal p H values of calves fed with low F:C diets were significantly lower than those in high F:C treatment(P<0.05). Increasing the F:C enhanced ruminal acetic acid(P<0.05) and acetic acid/propionic acid(P<0.01). Fecal Lactobacillus content was significantly higher, while Escherichia coli and Salmonella contents were significantly lower in WL and high F:C groups(P<0.05). Lower fecal scores(higher diarrhea rate) were observed in calves fed with SL hay compared to WL hay(P<0.05). Denatured gradient gel electrophoresis(DGGE) bands and richness index(S) were significantly affected by the interaction between F:C and FL(P<0.05), under high F:C, band numbers and richness index from WL group were higher than that from SL group(P<0.05), whereas there were no differences between WL andSL groups under low F:C(P>0.05). Microflora similarity was 50–73% among the different treatments. It is concluded that the WL with high F:C(65:35) diet is suitable for weaned calves.展开更多
基金financially supported by the Earmarked Fund for ModernAgro-Industry Technology Research System(Beef Cattle and Yaks,CARS-38)the Chinese Universities Scientific Fund(No.2013QT034)
文摘Live yeast(Saccharomyces cerevisiae) constitutes an effective additive for animal production;its probiotic effect may be related to the concentrate-to-forage ratio(CTFR).The objective of this study was to assess the effects of S.cerevisiae(SC) on fiber degradation and rumen microbial populations in steers fed diets with different levels of dietary concentrate.Ten Simmental × Local crossbred steers(450 ± 50 kg BW) were assigned to a control group or an SC group.Both groups were fed the same basal diet but the SC group received SC supplementation(8 × 10~9 cfu/h/d through the ruminal fistula)following a two-period crossover design.Each period consisted of four phases,each of which lasted 17 d:10 d for dietary adaptation,6 d for degradation study,and 1 d for rumen sample collection.From the 1^(st) to the 4^(th) phase,steers were fed in a stepwise fashion with increasing CTFRs,i.e.,30:70,50:50,70:30,and 90:10.The kinetics of dry matter and fiber degradation of alfalfa pellets were evaluated;the rumen microbial populations were detected using real-time PCR.The results revealed no significant(P> 0.05) interactions between dietary CTFR and SC for most parameters.Dietary CTFR had a significant effect(P< 0.01) on degradation characteristics of alfalfa pellets and the copies of rumen microorganism;the increasing concentrate level resulted in linear,quadratic or cubic variation trend for these parameters.SC supplementation significantly(P< 0.05) affected dry matter(DM) and neutral detergent fiber(NDF)degradation rates(c_(DM),c_(NDF)) and NDF effective degradability(ED_(NDF)).Compared with the control group,there was an increasing trend of rumen fungi and protozoa in SC group(P < 0.1);copies of total bacteria in SC group were significantly higher(P< 0.05).Additionally,percentage of Ruminobacter amylophilus was significantly lower(P< 0.05)but percentage of Selenomonas ruminantium was significantly higher(P< 0.05) in the SC group.In a word,dietary CTFR had a significant effect on degradation characteristics of forage and rumen microbial population.S.cerevisiae had positive effects on DM and NDF degradation rate or effective degradability of forage;S.cerevisiae increased rumen total bacteria,fungi,protozoa,and lactate-utilizing bacteria but reduced starch-degrading and lactate-producing bacteria.
基金Technical Development Project of Hainan Provincial Scientific Research Institutes(KYYS-2018-05)Special Funds for Central Government Guiding the Development of Local Science and Technology(ZY2019HN01).
文摘[Objective]The paper was to investigate the effects of dietary concentrate to forage ratios on production performance and serum bio-chemical indicators of post-fattening Hainan Yellow Cattle.[Method]Sixteen Hainan Yellow Cattles with the same genetic backgrounds and similar initial weight of(242.22 ±0.71 kg) were randomly divided into four treatments.Cattles were fed with diets of different concentrate to forage ratios(20:80, group Ⅰ;30:70, Group Ⅱ;40:60, group Ⅲ;50:50, group Ⅳ).The trial lasted 62 d.[Result]The daily gain in experimental group Ⅳ was significantly higher than that in experimental group Ⅱ(P<0.05), but the feed gain ratio in experimental group Ⅳ was lower than those in other ex-perimental groups(P>0.05).The feed intake in experimental group Ⅳ was also markedly higher than those in experimental groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ(P<0.05).Compared with the experimental group Ⅱ, the gross profit of experimental group Ⅳ was significantly promoted(P<0.05).The alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase activities in experimental group Ⅱ were markedly higher than those in experimental groups Ⅰ, Ⅲ and Ⅳ.[Conclusion]When the dietary concentrate to forage ratios was 50∶50, the production performance of post-fattening Hainan Yellow Cattle was better.
基金supported by the earmarked fund for China Agriculture Research System (CARS-37)Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest (201303144)
文摘Twenty-eight male, weaned Chinese Holstein calves((156.8±33.4) kg) were used to investigate the effects of dietary forage to concentrate ratio(F:C) and forage length on nutrient digestibility, plasma metabolites, ruminal fermentation, and fecal microflora. Animals were randomly allocated to four treatments in a 2×2 factorial arrangement: whole-length forage(WL) with low F:C(50:50); WL with high F:C(65:35); short-length forage(SL) with high F:C(65:35); and SL with low F:C(50:50). Chinese wildrye was used as the only forage source in this trial. The grass in the SL treatments was chopped using a chaff cutter to achieve small particle size(~50% particles >19 mm). Dry matter intake(DMI) and organic matter(OM) intake was increased by increasing both F:C(P<0.01) and forage length(FL)(P<0.05), while acid detergent fiber(ADF) and neutral detergent fiber(NDF) intakes were only increased by increasing the F:C(P<0.01). The digestibility of NDF was increased as the FL increased(P<0.01), and it was also affected by interaction between F:C and FL(P<0.05). Cholesterol(CHO)(P<0.01), leptin(LP)(P<0.05), and growth hormone(GH)(P<0.01) concentrations in plasma were increased as dietary F:C increased. A significant increase in plasma triglyceride(TG)(P<0.01), insulin(INS)(P<0.05), and GH(P<0.01) levels was observed with decreasing dietary FL. Ruminal p H values of calves fed with low F:C diets were significantly lower than those in high F:C treatment(P<0.05). Increasing the F:C enhanced ruminal acetic acid(P<0.05) and acetic acid/propionic acid(P<0.01). Fecal Lactobacillus content was significantly higher, while Escherichia coli and Salmonella contents were significantly lower in WL and high F:C groups(P<0.05). Lower fecal scores(higher diarrhea rate) were observed in calves fed with SL hay compared to WL hay(P<0.05). Denatured gradient gel electrophoresis(DGGE) bands and richness index(S) were significantly affected by the interaction between F:C and FL(P<0.05), under high F:C, band numbers and richness index from WL group were higher than that from SL group(P<0.05), whereas there were no differences between WL andSL groups under low F:C(P>0.05). Microflora similarity was 50–73% among the different treatments. It is concluded that the WL with high F:C(65:35) diet is suitable for weaned calves.
