Autologous peripheral blood-derived orthobiologics:Different types and their effectiveness in managing knee osteoarthritis

Knees are the most commonly impacted weight-bearing joints in osteoarthritis(OA),affecting millions of people worldwide.With increasing life spans and obesity rates,the incidence of knee OA will further increase,leading to a significant increase in the economic burden.Conventional treatment modalities utilized to manage knee OA have limitations.Over the last decade,the role of various autologous peripheral blood-derived orthobiologics(APBOs)for the treatment of knee OA has been extensively investigated.This editorial provided an overview and focused on defining and shedding light on the current state of evidence based on the most recent published clinical studies concerning the use of APBO for the management of knee OA.While numerous studies have demonstrated promising results for these preparations,a notable gap exists in the comparative analysis of these diverse formulations.This absence of head-to-head studies poses a considerable challenge for physicians/surgeons in determining the optimal preparation for managing knee OA and achieving sustained longterm results.Thus,more adequately powered,multicenter,prospective,doubleblind,randomized controlled trials with longer follow-ups are needed to establish the long-term efficacy and to aid physicians/surgeons in determining the optimal APBO for the management of knee OA.

Therapeutic effect of autologous concentrated growth factor on lower-extremity chronic refractory wounds:A case report

BACKGROUND Management of chronic refractory wounds is one of the toughest clinical challenges for surgeons.Because of poor blood supply,less tissue coverage,and easy exposure,the lower leg is a common site for chronic refractory wounds.The current therapeutic regimens often lead to prolonged hospital stay and higher healthcare costs.Concentrated growth factor(CGF)is a novel blood extract that contains various growth factors,platelets,and fibrins to promote wound healing process.However,there has been little research reported on the treatment of lower extremity wounds with CGF.CASE SUMMARY A 37-year-old man,without any past medical history,presented an ulcerated chronic wound on his right lower leg.The skin defect exhibited clear boundaries,with a size of 2.0 cm×3.5 cm.The depth of wound was up to the layer of deep fascia.Staphylococcus aureus was detected by bacterial culture.The final diagnosis was right lower extremity ulcers with infection.Cefathiamidine,silver sulfadiazine,and mupirocin cream were applied to control the infection.CGF gel was prepared from the patient’s blood sample,and was used to cover the wound after thorough debridement.The skin wound was successfully healed after three times of CGF treatment.CONCLUSION CGF displays an excellent wound healing promoting effect in patients with lowerextremity chronic refractory wounds.

Observation on the Clinical Effect of Breast Augmentation by Transplanting Concentrated Growth Factor and Autologous Fat

Objective To explore the effect of concentrated growth factor(CGF)combined with autologous fat transplantation in augmentation mammoplasty.Methods Clinical data of 28 female patients who underwent autologous fat by CGF mixed with purified fat between May 2015 and June 2018 were retrospectively analyzed.Clinical evaluation was performed to observe and measure the shape of the breast after breast augmentation,the increase in the value of the nipple plane measurement,and complications.Results All of 28 patients,after 12 months of follow-up,all patients no fat infection,hematoma,breast nodules and other complications.It showed that the contouring of breast were improved and more chubbiness than that before operation.The results were satisfied from patients.Conclusion Concentrated growth factor combined with autologous fat transplantation has a stable breast augmentation effect,beautiful breast shape,simple operation and small damage,which achieves breast rejuvenation.

Study on the Quantitative Structure-toxicity Relationships for the Selected Esters by Using Molecular Electronegativity Interaction Vector (MEIV)

The molecular electronegativity interaction vector （MEIV） was used to describe the molecular structure of 30 selected esters. Two excellent QSTR models were built up by using multiple linear regression （MLR） and partial least-squares regression （PLS）. The correlation coefficients （R） of the two models were 0.945 and 0.941, respectively. The models were evaluated by performing the cross validation with the leave-one-out （LOO） procedure. The cross-verification correlation coefficients （RCV） of the two models were 0.921 and 0.919, respectively. The results showed that the models constructed in this work could provide estimation stability and favorable predictive ability.

Concrescence of maxillary second molar and impacted third molar:A case report

BACKGROUND Morphological anomalies of teeth,including talon cusp,dens evaginatus,gemination,fusion,concrescence,root dilaceration,and taurodontism,always involve changes in the enamel,cementum and dentin.Diagnosing concrescent teeth through routine clinical examination alone is difficult,and most cases of concrescence are found accidentally during extraction.A definite preoperative diagnosis of concrescence would contribute to a better treatment plan and fewer undesirable complications CASE SUMMARY A 47-year-old woman who complained of left maxillary first molar loss for half a year presented to our department seeking treatment by dental implant restoration.Panoramic radiography and cone-beam computed tomography(CBCT)showed an unclear boundary between the distal root of the second molar and the mesial root of the third molar.The teeth were extracted under local anesthesia,and a definite diagnosis of concrescence was made by histopathological examination.CONCLUSION CBCT is a useful tool for diagnosing and planning the management of tooth concrescence and may be beneficial for reducing unnecessary complications.

Efficacy of concentrated growth factors combined with mineralized collagen on quality of life and bone reconstruction of guided bone regeneration

To evaluate the clinical efficacy of concentrated growth factors(CGFs)combined with mineralized collagen(MC)in guided bone regeneration(GBR).A retrospective study involving 29 patients treated with GBR technique,which was performed either CGF and MC complexes or MC alone.Implants were inserted simultaneously and cone-beam computed tomography was taken immediately,at 3 and 6 months postoperation.Questionnaires were completed by all patients so as to evaluate the main symptoms and daily activities during the first week after surgery.The outcomes of the two groups were statistically compared.All implants healed uneventfully.Patients in both groups suffered from different levels of discomfort for the reason of swelling,pain and chewing impairment on 1-2 days.Meanwhile,swelling of the Trial group was weaker than the Control group.When compared with the Control group,pain levels in Trial group were more rapidly reduced and patients took fewer analgesics from Day 3.Furthermore,the reconstitution mean value of the graft was thicker at 3 and 6 months in Trial group.CGFs complex with MC were beneficial to relieve the clinical symptoms,promote the peri-implant bone regeneration and shorten the healing time.

The relationship between concentration of growth hormone in serum and microangiopathy in patients with diabetes mellitus.

Objective To study the relationship between growth hormone (GH) and microangiopathy in patients with diabetes mellitus in order to elucidate pathogenesis on microangiopathy in diabetics. Methods GH and insulin (INS) were detected by radioimmunoassay, and blood sugar (BS) was detected by oxydase method. Results 138 NIDDM diabetics were examined. The concentration of serum GH in diabetics without microangiopathy (2.3±1.2 μg/L) was higher than in normal people (1.0±1.2 μg/L) and GH in diabetics with microangiopathy (5.74±1.94 μg/L) was higher than in diabetics without microangiopathy. The differences were significant ( P <0.01). As the history of diabetes went on, the level of GH in serum increased, and the incidence of microangiopathy increased too. The correlation of GH in serum with BS was parallel. The correlation of GH in serum with INS was not apparent. 27 IDDM diabetics were examined, their level of GH in serum (6.8±3.4 μg/L) was higher than that of NIDDM diabetics (4.6±1.8 μg/L). They were all patients with microangiopathy. Conclusion The rise of GH in serum may be an important pathogeny that causes microangiopathy in diabetics.

Concentrated growth factor regulates the macrophage-mediated immune response

Concentrated growth factor(CGF)is a promising regenerative material that serves as a scaffold and adjunct growth factor for tissue engineering.The host immune response,particularly macrophage activity,plays a critical role in injury repair and tissue regeneration.However,the biological effect of CGF on the immune response is not clear.To enrich the theoretical groundwork for clinical application,the present study examined the immunoregulatory role of CGF in macrophage functional activities in vitro.The CGF scaffold appeared as a dense fibrin network with multiple embedded leukocytes and platelets,and it was biocompatible with macrophages.Concentrated bioactive factors in the CGF extract enhanced THP-1 monocyte recruitment and promoted the maturation of suspended monocytes into adherent macrophages.CGF extract also promoted THP-1 macrophage polarization toward the M2 phenotype with upregulated CD163 expression,as detected by cell morphology and surface marker expression.A cytokine antibody array showed that CGF extract exerted a regulatory effect on macrophage functional activities by reducing secretion of the inflammatory factor interleukin-1b while inducing expression of the chemokine regulated on activation,normal T cell expressed and secreted.Mechanistically,the AKT signaling pathway was activated,and an AKT inhibitor partially suppressed the immunomodulatory effect of CGF.Our findings reveal that CGF induces a favorable immune response mediated by macrophages,which represents a promising strategy for functional tissue regeneration.