Chemical Concepts from Density Functional Theory

Chemical concepts such as structure,bonding,reactivity,etc.have been widely used in the literature and text books to appreciate molecular properties and chemical transformations.Even though modern theoretical and computational chemistry is well established from the perspective of accuracy and complexity,how to quantify these concepts is a still unresolved task.Conceptual density functional theory and its related recent developments provide unique opportunities to tackle this problem.In this Special Issue,27 contributions from top investigators over the world are collected to highlight the state-of-art research on this topic,which not only showcases the status of where we are now but also unveils a number to possible future directions to be pursued.

Study of Polymer Blends with Sub-cluster Theory PartⅠ Essential Concepts and Equations of Sub-cluster Theory

Various viscosity-composition curves of polymer blends are summarized in eight groups. To represent these curves. 'sub-cluster equations' are derived on the basis of so called 'sub-cluster theoryThe essential concepts of sub-cluster theory and the derivation of those 'Sub-cluster equations' are briefly introduced.

A Study on the Reproduction of Artistic Conception in Translation of Chinese Classical Poetry from the Perspective of Reception Aesthetics Theory

Chinese classical poetry has long been known for its unique artistic conception of mixture of sentiments andscenery, the conception beyond image and the refinement out of rhyme. From the perspective of receptionaesthetics theory, this paper analyzes translation strategies of the classical poetry, probes into the problems thatretaining “indeterminacy” and satisfying the readers “horizon of expectations” when translate Chinese classicalpoetry. It is necessary to keep enough aesthetic space, and to give full play to the translator’s aesthetic creativitywhen translate Chinese classical poetry, so as to reproduce the artistic conception of Chinese classical poetry.

“The 10th Anniversary of the Blue Book on Human Rights and the Concepts,Discourses and Theories of Human Rights in China” Symposium Summary

The China Society of Human Rights Studies and the Human Rights Research Center at Nankai University jointly hosted a seminar on"The 10th Anniversary of the Blue Book on Human Rights and the Chinese Human Rights Concept,Discourse and Theory"on December 19th,2020.Experts at the meeting expressed their views and discussed the organization,style,and system of the Blue Book on Human Rights;the concept,expression,and dissemination of the Chinese human rights discourse;the paradigm,principle,and structure of the Chinese human rights theory;and the objectives,paths,and development of the Chinese human rights enterprise.

A Brief Analysis of the Self-correction Model——from the View of Linking Theory

Based on the theory of the post method pedagogy and the teaching practice，this paper proposes a new teaching model，the self-correction model，and explains it from the point of view of linking theory.

Concept analysis of adherence

Objective: To explore the concept of adherence in the context of rehabilitation of patients with chronic illnesses. This concept analysis is helpful in predicting health behaviors and intentions including physical activity and dietary behaviors in patients with chronic illnesses. Methods: The framework of Walker and Avant was used to analyze the concept of adherence. Results: Adherence is defined as the extent to which a person’s behavior, such as taking medication, following a diet, and/or executing lifestyle changes, corresponds to agreed recommendations from a health-care provider. The antecedents of adherence are the biomedical status of the individual, social support, self-efficacy, and education. Self-report questionnaires and patient self-reporting are the most common measurement tools of adherence. Thus, the reliable and valid instrument of monitoring adherence in the clinical settings is challenging. Conclusions: Analyzing the concept of adherence is necessary to help understand how best to promote adherence to improve healthrelated outcomes.

Self-care:A concept analysis

Objectives:There is extensive literature from various disciplines on self-care,an important aspect of nursing intervention via evaluation and education,but its meaning remains unprecise due to the difficulty integrating the diverse definitions developed over time across disciplines.Therefore,it is vital to clarify the meaning of self-care and formulate the defining attributes,antecedents,and consequences to self-care.Methods:Walker and Avant’s concept analysis approach was used to analyze the concept of self-care.A search of the literature was completed using the databases CINAHL,PubMed,and EBSCOhost for years 1975e2020;literature search included peer-review articles,full-text publications,and available in English.A total of 31 articles were reviewed,and saturation was reached.Results:An extensive review of the literature revealed salient characteristics that reflected the most frequently used terms associated with the concept.Guided byWalker and Avant’s method,three defining attributes emerged as common themes:awareness,self-control,and self-reliance.Conclusions:A clarified definition was identified:the ability to care for oneself through awareness,selfcontrol,and self-reliance in order to achieve,maintain,or promote optimal health and well-being.

A Bayesian Theory of Games： An Analysis of Strategic Interactions with Statistical Decision Theoretic Foundation

This paper introduces a new game theoretic equilibrium which is based upon the Bayesian subjective view of probability, BEIC （Bayesian equilibrium iterative conjectures）. It requires players to make predictions, starting from first order uninformative predictive distribution functions （or conjectures） and keep updating with statistical decision theoretic and game theoretic reasoning until a convergence of conjectures is achieved. Information known by the players such as the reaction functions are thereby incorporated into their higher order conjectures and help to determine the convergent conjectures and the equilibrium. In a BEIC, conjectures are consistent with the equilibrium or equilibriums they supported and so rationality is achieved for actions, strategies and conjectures. The BEIC approach is capable of analyzing a larger set of games than current Nash Equilibrium based games theory, including games with inaccurate observations, games with unstable equilibrium and games with double or multiple sided incomplete information games. On the other hand, for the set of games analyzed by the current games theory, it generates far lesser equilibriums and normally generates only a unique equilibrium. It treats games with complete and perfect information as special cases of games with incomplete information and noisy observation whereby the variance of the prior distribution function on type and the variance of the observation noise term tend to zero. Consequently, there is the issue of indeterminacy in statistical inference and decision making in these games as the equilibrium solution depends on which variances tends to zero first. It therefore identifies equilibriums in these games that have so far eluded the classical theory of games. Finally, it also resolves inconsistencies in equilibrium results by different solution concepts in current games theory such as that between Nash Equilibrium and iterative elimination of dominated strategies and that between Perfect Bayesian Equilibrium and backward induction （Subgame Perfect Equilibrium）.

Analysis on New Concept English Ⅱ

In recent years,China interacts with many other countries more frequently.It is necessary to learn English well.It is important for Chinese English learners to select suitable textbooks.In so many domestic English teaching materials,New Concept English stands out.The study takes the qualitative method to analyze New Concept English II.By observing one of the lessons in the textbook,it aims to check if the design and arrangements of content is in accordance with the linguistic theories and the view of linguistic learning advocated by the editors of this textbook.

Construction of Core Values of Teenagers from the Perspective of Marxist Theory

Marxist theory is an im portant so urce of socialism core value theory,and building so cialism core values under the guidance of Marxist theory is a major proposition that must be considered in the ideological and political education of the new era.Based on the Marxist materialist conception of history,this paper analyzed,from the Marxist perspective,the dialectical relationship between the free and full developm ent of people,the value of peo ple and social development,pointed out the existing problems in ideological and political education and the necessity of targeted education of the core values for teenagers,and proposed to develop and innovate the ways and methods of ideological and political education as well as carry out extensive education on the Marxism,socialism patriotism and Chinese traditional culture under the guidance of Marxist theory,for the purpose of helping teenagers build socialism core values and strengthen their faith in the socialist road with Chinese characteristics and the ideals and beliefs of communism.

Theoretical Study of Wind Turbine Model with a New Concept on Swept Area

Commercially available wind-turbines are optimized to operate at certain wind velocity, known as rated wind velocity. For other values of wind velocity, it has different output which is lower than the rated output of the wind plant. Wind mill can be designed to provide maximum power output at different wind velocities through modification of swept area to match with the wind speed available at the moment. This can result in higher power output at all the velocities except that at rated wind speed because of limitation of generator. This results in increased utilization of generation capacity of wind mill compared to its commercially designed counterpart. A theoretical simulation has been done to prove a new concept about swept area of wind turbine blade which results in a significant increase in the power output through the year. Simulation results of power extracted through normal wind blade design and new concept are studied and compared. The findings of the study are presented in graphical and tabular form. Study establishes that there can be a significant gain in the power output with the new concept.

International Communication Theories:Main Development Stages and Reflections

From the Persian Empire in the 5 th Century BC to the age of globalization, the significance of international communication to international studies and related problems has been repeatedly testi ed by history. The theory of international communication originated in the West. In the new era, many of its theoretical perspectives need to be reviewed and re-evaluated. Compared with other communication patterns such as mass communication, international communication is highlighted by notable characteristics such as its concern for core national interests, distinctive strategic objectives and e ective changes. It offers a new approach to showcasing comprehensive strength among countries and regions. The development of international communication theory can be divided into three main stages. One prominent contribution of the established theoretical achievements lies in its re ning of multiple important general laws of international communication based on the actual needs and its forming of a theoretical system. The major limitation is that these theoretical achievements, under the influence of Western centralism, place excessive emphasis on competition while paying scant attention to accommodation and mutual learning. In the face of new characteristics and practical requirements in the new era, international communication theory should be equipped with a broader vision for more breakthroughs and innovations.

Building Knowledge: The Concept of Care

Aim and Objectives: The aim of this article is to explore whether the specific levels of caring described in Swanson’s Middle Range Caring Theory which include characteristics of caring, people’s concerns and commitments underlying caring, conditions that enhance/inhibit caring and consequences of caring and non-caring could be used in categorizing findings from two literature reviews investigating the concept of care. Background: Nursing has a long legacy as a caring/healing profession where caring is increasingly posited as one of the core concepts in modern nursing science. However, the meanings given to the concept of care remain elusive, ambiguous and unclear. Design: Two systematic literature reviews. Method: Twenty-nine articles based on strategic inclusion and exclusion criteria were synthesized. Data was retrieved from CINAHL, Medline, Embase and PsycInfo covering the period 2003-2016. The literature search used the key words care, concept analysis, systematic review, meta-synthesis, meta-analysis and narrative review. Results: Major themes found were related to the following characteristics of caring persons: compassionate, knowledgeable, positive and reflective. Concerns and commitments underlying caring were doing the right thing, connecting, focusing on the others’ experience, acknowledging individual dignity and worth and being present. Conditions that enhanced/inhibited caring were situational constraints, personality traits, communication skills, health problems and organizational features. Consequences of caring and non-caring actions included both positive and negative emotional, spiritual, physical, and social outcomes for patients, families and nurses. Conclusion: The specific levels of caring described in Swanson’s Middle Range Caring Theory are highly suitable for categorizing the findings from three literature reviews on the concept of care. Relevance to Clinical Practice: Swanson’s Middle Range Caring Theory can be used to guide clinical practice and encourage an individual approach to care. It has been shown to contain clear, comprehensible language in its theoretical basis;this encourages use in clinical practice.

Educational Situation： Some Preliminary Remarks on a Basic Concept of Education Studies

When educationalists are asked to define their own academic discipline of Education Studies, they often struggle to reach a common understanding. From an epistemological point of view, this indeterminacy leads back to the complex considerations involved in establishing a basic concept of education. In this article, the author explores in a preliminary fashion the possibility of identifying the essence of education in its performativity as an occurrence in context that always precedes and supersedes our theoretical considerations of it. Education is not to be understood primarily as something conceptual （theory） but rather in terms of its significance as a situational event （reality）. Educational reality thus informs educational theory and this relationship implies a knowledge-ethical surplus of the former as an inexhaustible source for the latter.

An Evaluation of the Core Controversies in Contemporary Western Human Rights Theory——A Study Based on the Examination of the Criterion of Fidelity to Practice

The development of theories on human rights with Chinese characteristics and China’s engagement in global human rights governance cannot be separated from attention to contemporary Western human rights theory.The debate between naturalistic and political conceptions of human rights has a long history,but discussions on the basic criteria for evaluating human rights theories have been insufficient.This article,focusing on the criterion of fidelity to practice,attempts to identify the development trajectory and direction of human rights theory.The universal claims of naturalistic human rights perspectives and the human rights catalog they propose have been criticized for deviating from practice.On the other hand,political conceptions of human rights,while emphasizing domestic human rights practices,have been criticized for their occasional nature and perceived loss of criticality.The broad-way practice theory seeks a third way that goes beyond the divide between these two perspectives.On the one hand,the theory itself faces limitations and the need for reshaping,while on the other hand,the traditional singular practice theory is also undergoing self-renewal.It can be said that the“internal critique”of contemporary Western human rights theory is already underway and will continue.

On the Generation of Davidson＇s Theory of Meaning

Established on the framework of Frege＇s philosophy of language, with the help of Tarlski in the development on the innovation oftheory of truth （including methodology level）, Davidson explained the concept of meaning in the process of language Ibrmation with the interpretation and characterization of＂the formalization of axis＂ which was Developing from ＂t refers to x＂ to ＂s means m ＂, then to＂ s means that p＂, then to ＂ （T） s is T if and only ifp＂. After a series of ideas conversion on the restructuring and improvement, Davidson finally created an innovative view of meaning on the holistic level. In order to realize the meaning of language itself as the axis, with Tarski＇s theory of truth as the transmission fulcrum, with natural language translation and interpretation as the actual operation range, he has run the theory of meaning as the understanding, interpretation and action picture of people dealing with events arranged in a crisscross pattern world.

The Application of Relevance Theory in NCEⅡ Teaching

New Concept EnglishⅡwith the accurate pronunciation,strong practicality,and many short and interesting stories as its content,has gained a global reputation as the most enduring and the most classic English teaching materials,which has been fairly popular among a great majority of English learners,especially the beginners.At present there are few researches on NCEⅡteaching,let alone any study from the pragmatics perspective.To have more effective learning and teaching of this book,the relevance theory of cognitive pragmatic plays an essential role.

面向知识结构分析的模糊概念格模型

知识空间理论使用数学语言对学习者进行知识评价与学习指导,属于数学心理学的研究范畴.技能与问题是构成知识空间的两个基本要素,深入研究两者之间的关系是知识状态刻画与知识结构分析的内在要求.在当前的知识空间理论研究中,没有明确建立技能与问题之间的双向映射,从而难以提出直观概念意义下的知识结构分析模型,也没有明确建立知识状态之间的偏序关系,不利于刻画知识状态之间的差异,更不利于规划学习者未来的学习路径.此外,现有的成果主要集中在经典的知识空间,没有考虑实际问题中数据的不确定性.为此,将形式概念分析与模糊集引入知识空间理论,建立面向知识结构分析的模糊概念格模型.具体地,分别建立知识空间与闭包空间的模糊概念格模型.首先,建立知识空间模糊概念格,并通过任意两个概念的上确界证明所有概念的外延构成知识空间.引入粒描述的思想定义技能诱导的问题原子粒,由问题原子粒的组合判定一个问题组合是否是知识空间中的一个状态,进而提出由问题组合获取知识空间模糊概念的方法.其次,建立闭包空间模糊概念格,并通过任意两个概念的下确界证明所有概念的外延构成闭包空间.类似地,定义问题诱导的技能原子粒,由技能原子粒的组合判定一个技能组合是否是闭包空间中某一知识状态所需的技能,进而提出由技能组合获取闭包空间模糊概念的方法.最后,通过实验分析问题数量、技能数量、填充因子以及分析尺度对知识空间与闭包空间规模的影响.结论表明知识空间模糊概念不同于现有的任何概念,也不能从其他概念派生而来.闭包空间模糊概念本质上是一种面向属性单边模糊概念.在二值技能形式背景中,知识空间与闭包空间中的状态具有一一对应关系,但这种关系在模糊技能形式背景中并不成立.

中国石化“十四五”主要勘探进展与发展战略

在系统梳理中国石油化工股份有限公司(简称中国石化)“十四五”以来高质量勘探举措、理论技术进展及油气勘探成果的基础上,提出了油气勘探发展战略。“十四五”以来,中国石化坚定资源发展信心,大力推动高质量勘探实践,在塔里木、四川、渤海湾、准噶尔、鄂尔多斯等盆地的深层碳酸盐岩、陆相页岩油、深层页岩气、中西部碎屑岩、成熟探区隐蔽油气藏、深层煤层气等领域取得了主要勘探成果,为石油稳增长、天然气快上产夯实了储量基础。同时,发展完善了超深走滑断控缝洞型油气成藏理论、创新形成了页岩油成储成烃富集理论、深化了海相页岩气“二元富集”与致密碎屑岩油气差异富集机理认识等;攻关形成了复杂地质结构与储层结构条件下的以地震勘探、深层—超深层钻完井、超深层测录试井、水平井压裂技术等为代表的关键技术与工程工艺技术。展望未来,中国石化探区具备石油稳定发展、天然气快速发展的资源基础,勘探工作聚焦保拓矿权、勘探突破、规模增储三大核心责任,以深地工程、页岩油气示范工程、致密碎屑岩效益攻坚、常非统筹为统领,加快推进战略突破发现,落实规模增储阵地,进一步夯实上游可持续发展资源基础。