A Conceptual Model of Our Universe Derived from the Fine Structure Constant (α)

The Fine Structure Constant (α) is a dimensionless value that guides much of quantum physics but with no scientific insight into why this specific number. The number defines the coupling constant for the strength of the electromagnetic force and is precisely tuned to make our universe functional. This study introduces a novel approach to understanding a conceptual model for how this critical number is part of a larger design rather than a random accident of nature. The Fine Structure Constant (FSC) model employs a Python program to calculate n-dimensional property sets for prime number universes where α equals the whole number values 137 and 139, representing twin prime universes without a fractional constant. Each property is defined by theoretical prime number sets that represent focal points of matter and wave energy in their respective universes. This work aims to determine if these prime number sets can reproduce the observed α value, giving it a definable structure. The result of the FSC model produces a α value equal to 137.036, an almost exact match. Furthermore, the model indicates that other twin prime pairs also have a role in our functional universe, providing a hierarchy for atomic orbital energy levels and alignment with the principal and azimuthal quantum numbers. In addition, it construes stable matter as property sets with the highest ratio of twin prime elements. These results provide a new perspective on a mathematical structure that shapes our universe and, if valid, has the structural complexity to guide future research.

Evaluation of alternative conceptual models for groundwater modelling

This study evaluates the alternative conceptual models for groundwater modelling.A true model was created with a synthetic alluvial fan-plain hydrogeological framework.Various alternative conceptual models were evaluated for groundwater flow simulations.The first alternative model is a single aquifer layer model;the second alternative model is a 3-layer aquifer model;and the third model is a 5-layer model consisting of 3 aquifers separated by 2 aquitards.All models could fit very well to the observations with optimized values of hydraulic conductivities.However,the single aquifer layer model can only compute water balance components with good accuracy.The 3-layer aquifer model can be used for water balance computation and groundwater head simulation with small errors.The 5-layer model is capable of simulating water budget,groundwater head distribution and travel times with high accuracy.Multimodel analysis found only the 3rd alternative model superior.

Hydrogeological Characterization and Approach to a Conceptual Model of the Aquifer of the Cuvette Basin, Republic of Congo

The continuous aquifers of the Congolese Cuvette basin constitute the seat of significant water tables reversibly supplying the Congo River basin as well as the water tables they drain. Consisting mainly of sandy-clayey-sandstone formations, these aquifers contain groundwater which is the main source of drinking water supply for communities in this sector of the departments Cuvette and Cuvette-Ouest. The need for water being more and more acute, these aquifers have been subjected to drilling operations in order to supply drinking water to these populations. The information obtained from these operations is data which made it possible to obtain information relating to the lithology, the hydrogeological parameters of these aquifers and information on the depth and on the lateral variations of the water table. The purpose of this present work is to contribute to the hydrogeological characterization of the aquifer of the Cuvette basin in the departments of Cuvette and Cuvette-Ouest via data from the analysis of the technical sheets of drillings carried out by the ASPERBRAS Company, collected at the Ministry of Major Works and territory planning. This characterization was made using Visual MODFLOW Flex 2015.1 software coupled with Surfer 10 software and Rock Works 17 software. The hydrogeological interpretation of the data shows that this aquifer, whose constitution is essentially made up of sands, clayey sands and clay, is continuous, porous and free. This composition gives the aquifer of Cuvette basin a heterogeneous character. In addition, a piezometric map was produced in order to indicate the direction of the water flows which turned out to be from west to east towards the lowest areas occupied by the valleys of the rivers and rivers. The conceptual model shows that the depth of the aquifer deceases considerably from the Cuvette-Ouest towards the Cuvette.

Conceptual Model of Aquifers in the Bedrock Zone of the MarahouéWatershed (Centre-West of Ivory Coast)

Marahoué watershed, located in the Center West of Côte d’Ivoire, has experienced significant population growth in recent decades. And a major economic boom linked to intense agricultural activity and the presence of certain industries. This population growth is also accompanied by seasonal water shortages. Hence it needs to better manage the basin’s groundwater, which is a permanent resource and more resistant than surface water to climatic hazards. The objective of this study is therefore to propose a conceptual model of hydrogeological flow for the sustainable exploitation of groundwater resources in the Marahoué watershed. The establishment of the conceptual model was carried out in two stages. The first step consisted in defining the stratigraphic units. For this purpose, three units have been defined. These are the layer of alterite, the useful fissured horizon and the sound basement. The thickness of the layer of alterite varies from 0 to 80 m with an average of 26 m. As for the useful fissured horizon, its thickness is between 43 and 46.5 with an average of 45 m. In addition, the roof of the basement presents a slightly uneven morphology with a North-West, South-East dip and the altitudes are between 150 and 390 m. The second step corresponds to the phase of determining the hydrodynamic parameters. During this phase, the crack porosity, the transmissivity, the conductivity, the storage coefficient, the hydrological balance and the piezometric map were determined. Indeed, these parameters (the crack porosity, the transmissivity, the conductivity and the storage coefficient) confirm not only the heterogeneity of the medium but that the cracked horizon is sufficiently porous to be assimilated to an equivalent continuous medium during the simulation.

Conceptual Modeling and Simulation Application Analysis of In-service Assessment

Firstly,this paper expounds the conceptual connotation of inservice assessment in the new system,then applies modeling and Simulation in the field of in-service assessment,establishes the conceptual model of inservice assessment and its process,and finally analyzes the application of modeling and simulation in the specific links of in-service assessment.

Modeling the Spatio-Temporal Dynamics of Local Context for a Contextualized Diffusion of Agroecological Intensification Options in Niger

Spatio-temporal variability and dynamics in Sahelian agro-pastoral zones make each local situation a special case. These specificities must be considered to guide the dissemination of agricultural options with a view to sustainable development. The territorial scale of municipalities is not sufficient for this necessary contextualization;the scale of the “village terroir” seems to be a better option. This is the hypothesis we put forward in the framework of the Global Collaboration for Resilient Food Systems program (CRFS), i.e. local context is spatially defined by village terroir. The study is based on data collected through participatory mapping and surveys in “village terroirs” in three regions of Niger (Maradi, Dosso and Tillabéri). Then the links between farm managers and their cultivated land, as well as the spatio-temporal dynamics of local context are analyzed. This study provides evidence of the existence and functional usefulness of the village terroir for farmers, their land management and their activities. It demonstrates the usefulness of contextualizing agricultural options at this scale. Their analysis elucidates the links between “terroirs village” and the specific functioning of the agrosocio-ecosystems acting on each of them, thus laying the systemic and geographical foundations for a model of the spatio- temporal dynamics of “village terroirs”. This initial work has opened up new perspectives in modeling and sustainable development.

Critical flow-storm approach to total maximum daily load (TMDL) development:an analytical conceptual model

One of the key challenges in the total maximum daily load(TMDL)development process is how to define the critical condition for a receiving waterbody.The main concern in using a continuous simulation approach is the absence of any guarantee that the most critical condition will be captured during the selected representative hydrologic period,given the scarcity of long-term continuous data.The objectives of this paper are to clearly address the critical condition in the TMDL development process and to compare continuous and event-based approaches in defining critical condition during TMDL development for a waterbody impacted by both point and nonpoint source pollution.A practical,event-based critical flow-storm(CFS)approach was developed to explicitly addresses the critical condition as a combination of a low stream flow and a storm event of a selected magnitude,both having certain frequencies of occurrence.This paper illustrated the CFS concept and provided its theoretical basis using a derived analytical conceptual model.The CFS approach clearly defined a critical condition,obtained reasonable results and could be considered as an alternative method in TMDL development.

Conceptual model of real-time IoT systems

We address a special kind of Internet of Things (IoT) systems that are also real-time. We call them real-time IoT (RT-IoT) systems. An RT-IoT system needs to meet timing constraints of system delay, clock synchronization, deadline, and so on. The timing constraints turn to be more stringent as we get closer to the physical things. Based on the reference architecture of IoT (ISO/IEC 30141), the RT-IoT conceptual model is established. The idea of edge subsystem is introduced. The sensing & con-trolling domain is the basis of the edge subsystem, and the edge subsystem usually must meet the hard real-time constraints. The model includes four perspectives, the time view, computation view, communication view, and control view. Each view looks, from a different angle, at how the time parameters impact an RT-IoT system.

Implementing conceptual model using renewable energies in rural area of Iran

In a glance,more than three billion people live in the rural areas of low and middle income countries.In most cases,rural households have many unmet energy needs including cooking,lighting,heating,transportation and telecommunication needs.The main goal of this study is Implementing Conceptual Model Using Renewable Energies in Rural Area of Iran.In this study,the Weibull and Angestrom distribution methods were used to assess the potential of wind and solar energy range in Chaharmahal va Bakhtiari province of Iran(The Case study).After determining the values calculated based on meteorological stations’data,the IDW interpolation method in GIS software was used for the entire geographic range of the province.After reviewing multiple regions and identifying potential classes,a village which has the potential to be enough sun and wind energy was selected(Kahkesh village)and then a field survey based on biomass resources was accomplished.The needs of rural residents and rural renewable energy potential was evaluated by study conceptual frameworks during one year.By dividing the value of frameworks energies the amount of energy saving can be calculated.Finally,it recommended that for utilizing the renewable energies in rural areas,as will be discussed in the present work and particularly using the conceptual frameworks,is performed.

Pullout characteristics and conceptual model of gabion reinforcement

The reinforced gabion wall on the west line of Xiangtan to Hengyang highway in Hunan province was studied with the large scale pullout model tests and numerical simulations to obtain the interface friction characteristics between the double twisted hexagonal gabion mesh(2.2 mm and 2.7 mm respectively) and red sandstone. The experimental results showed that the pullout displacement-shear stress curve could be roughly divided into 3 sections:the rapid growth,the steady progression and the yielding sections. The thinner gabion mesh led to the higher peak shear stress,larger cohesion and friction angle under the same normal stress. The pullout displacement-shear stress curve from the numerical simulation had two sections,namely,the rapid growth of shear stress and the yielding of gabion mesh. Under the same conditions,the 2.2 mm meshes resulted in the larger drawing coefficient and pseudo-friction coefficient and thus presented the better interface friction properties. The conceptual model suggested that the proportion of pullout force shared by the horizontal bars and longitudinal bars relied on the magnitude,the length,the coefficient of earth pressure and the friction factor,etc. The pullout bearing resistance on the transversal bars(T_1) comprises the largest proportion of the total resistance(about 62%–72%),on the other hand,the proportions of the annular pullout friction on the longitudinal bars(T_2) and the interface friction acting on the surfaces of all nodes(T_3) both grow against T_1 when the normal stress increases.

The Challenging Place of Natural Hazards in Disaster Risk Reduction Conceptual Models:Insights from Central Africa and the European Alps

Based on a literature review and two case studies,this article presents the difficulties inherent in the main disaster risk reduction conceptual models.The method used to highlight such evidence is to compare two programs on disaster risk reduction with mainstream conceptual models.The authors participated in these programs,which were confronted with the need to integrate contributions and insights from both earth and social sciences.Our analysis found that the existing main conceptual models were unable to do justice to disaster risk reduction needs.This finding encouraged us to critique these models.Further effort led us to present possible solutions to compensate for the shortcomings of current models while taking into account the contextualization and dynamics of phenomena,as well as grappling with the more explicit integration of hazards and hazard risk into model design.

Analysis of Spatial and Temporal Variation and Forecast Model of Sandstorm Weather in Ulanqab City

Based on the data of sandstorm at 11 stations in Ulanqab City from 1990 to 2021,the spatial and temporal variation characteristics of sand-storm weather were analyzed firstly,and then the conceptual models of cold front and Mongolian cyclone sandstorm were obtained by analyzing sandstorm cases.Finally,the forecast points of the two types of sandstorm weather were given to provide some scientific basis and reference for the prediction of local sandstorm weather in the future.

Hydrological Modeling of Aguibat Ezziar Watershed (Morocco), Comparative Study of Two Different Hydrological Models

This study aims to compare the performance of two hydrological models, conceptual (HEC-HMS) and spatial (ATHYS) on the Aguibat Ezziar watershed. The comparative analysis is based on the performances of simulation in terms of Nash-Sutcliffe and RSR. The study requires the collection of a series of data as inputs models namely rainfall data, water quantity, soil occupation, DTM and requires also a calibration in order to evaluate these models in validation phase. The simulation results were obtained from the validation phase aiming to replicate the operation of watershed Aguibat Ezziar, and present a suitable adjustment perspective of the observed hydrograph. These results show that the objective is achieved and a model distributed like ATHYS plays an effective role to improve the efficiency and present a high advantage in anticipation of runoff volume comparing with other models.

USING LOGIC COMPONENTS FOR CONCEPTUAL DIE DESIGN

Logic components are used to support the conceptual design Taking the stamping die structure as the research object,several logic components are defined for the conceptual die construction design A new method logic assembly modeling is presented to satisfy the characteristic of the top down die design process Representing shapes and spatial relations in logic can provide a natural,intuitive method of developing complete computer systems for reasoning about die construction design at the conceptual stage This method can reflect the designer’s thought clearly and provide the designer with a test bed for generating alternatives and performing reasoning work at the conceptual die design

Formation mechanism of a rainfall triggered complex landslide in southwest China

This case study is about a landslide that occurred after 4 days of heavy rainfall,in the morning of June 29,2012,in Cengong County,Guizhou Province of China,geographical coordinated 108°20′-109°03′E,27°09′-27°32′N,with an estimated volume of 3.3×106 m3.To fully investigate the landslide process and formation mechanism,detailed geotechnical and geophysical investigations were performed including borehole drilling,sampling,and laboratory tests coupled with monitoring of displacement.Also,a combined seepage-slope stability modeling was performed to study the behavior of the landslide.After the heavy rainfall event,the sliding process started in this area.The landslide development can be divided into different parts.The man-made fill area,spatially distributed in the south side of the landslide area with low elevations,slid first along the interface between the slope debris and the strongly weathered bedrock roughly in the EW direction.Consequently,due to severe lateral shear disturbance,the slope in the main sliding zone slid next towards the SW direction,along the sliding surface developed within the strongly weathered calcareous shale formation located at a depth of 25-35 m.This means it was a rainfall triggered deep-seated landslide.Finally,retrogressive failure of a number of upstream blocks occurred,which moved in more than one direction.The initial failure of the man-made fill area was the‘engine’of the whole instability framework.This artificial material with low permeability,piled up in the accumulation area of surface and sub-surface and destroyed the drainage capacity of the groundwater.The numerical modeling results agreed with the analysis results obtained from the laboratory and field investigations.A conceptual model is given to illustrate the formation mechanism and development process of the landslide.

Pollution pattern of underground river in karst area of the Southwest China

Investigation of groundwater pollution has been carried out on multiple typical karst underground river systems in recent years in order to reveal the characteristics and mechanism of underground river pollution. Through the summary of the survey results, five characteristics of underground river pollution have been revealed, including directionality, weak hysteresis, easier for reversibility, linear and intermittent(or seasonal); combining with karst geomorphic types, pollution sources(primordial, secondary pollution and compound), pollution ways and pollution receptors, three basic pollution patterns of the underground river were depicted: Recharge area pollution, runoff area pollution and discharge area pollution. At the same time, the study discloses the reality of the underground river pollution is the three basic patterns and their subgenera in combination with super imposition on the space and time. And from the angle of the hydrogeological model, the study expounds the process of underground river pollution. Finally, the study gives naming rules of pollution pattern of the underground river and sets up PISAB method of pattern recognition. The results provide scientific basis for pollution repair and management of underground river in the southwest karst region.

Development Estimation of Cultural Relic Parks Based on the Living Development of Heritage:A Case Study of Xiao Mausoleum of the Ming Dynasty in Nanjing

Taking Xiao Mausoleum of the Ming Dynasty in Nanjing City for example,IPAT conceptual model of the system dynamics was introduced to construct the ROMCPE living development mode suitable for monument parks centering on protection of the authenticity.Through estimating tourist resources,tourism originality,evaluation of living market,capital investment for living development,policy guarantee for the living development,and environmental quality for living development of the Xiao Mausoleum,it was found that the overall resources of the scenic area are in good conditions,but its living development remains in an average level.In view of this,it was suggested that the living development of the Xiao Mausoleum of the Ming Dynasty can be promoted by improving creativity of high-and middle-level management staff,using resource advantages,distributing capital investment reasonably,and applying suitable marketing modes.

A Knowledge-Based Pilot Study on Assessing the Music Influence

A knowledge-driven approach is proposed for assessing the music influence on university students.The proposed method of modeling and conducting the interactive pilot study can be useful to convey other surveys,interviews,and experiments created in various phases of the user interface(UI)design processes,as part of a general human-computer interaction(HCI)methodology.Benefiting from existing semantic Web and linked data standards,best practices,and tools,a microservice-oriented system is developed as a testbed platform able to generate playlists in a smart way according to users’music preferences.This novel approach could bring also benefits for user interface adaptation by using semantic Web techniques.Statistical analysis based on the ANOVA method and post-experiment survey data led to the conclusion that music listened has a significant impact on students’cognitive abilities in various contexts.All obtained results were semantically enhanced by using different conceptual models in order to create a knowledge graph providing support for automated reasoning.Also,a knowledge-based persona Web smart editor was implemented in order to include music preferences for certain categories of the potential users operating a specific interactive system.

Domain ontology driven composable simulation framework

The simulation composability is one of important development directions in simulation domain. The key issue is the semantic composability. Currently there is no feasible approach to realize the effective semantic representation and composition of simulation components. Based on domain knowledge and Web Ontology Language (OWL), this paper proposes a composable simulation framework, which includes conceptual model semantics, model components semantics, model framework semantics, and simulation scenario semantics. Additionally, all the semantics are utilized in the model components development process, the simulation system development process, and the simulation system execution process respectively. The consistency checking among those semantics is also proposed. The detailed mapping processes between different semantic models can help to build the domain ontology driven composable simulation system.