Sino-African Intellectual Property Forum Successfully Concluded

The First Sino-African Intellectual Property Forum, jointly organized by the World Intellectual Property organization (WIPO) and the State Intellectual Property Office (SIPO) of the People’s Republic of China, was successfully concluded in Beijing on May 22,2002. Senior officials from WIPO, the African Intellectual Property Organization (French abbreviation: OAPI. OAPI, Organisation Africaine de la Propriete Intellectuelle), the African Regional Industrial Property Organization (ARIPO) and 16 African countries and nearly 100 Chinese participants attended the two-day forum.

EP CHINA '92 Successfully Concluded

The fourth ilnternational Exhibi-tion on Energy (power) (EPChina ’92 held from May 19 to 24,1992 wassuccessfully concluded.Exhibits at the Ex-hibition come from 280 factories and com-panies,research institutes and universitiesof the 10 EEC member countries,Australia,Canada,Norway,the United States。

China International Cotton Conference Concluded in Xinjiang

The 2007 China International Cotton Conference was held on June 27-29 in Urumqi,Xinjiang Municipality, China.With the theme"China’s Cotton Industry on WTO and It’s Implications The Global Market".the Conference proceeded with three main sessions,one focusing on

77th IWTO Congress Concluded Successfully

"The environmentally friendly attributes bring wool back onto the retail floor!"The 77th IWTO Congress, held in Beijing, China from 13. to 16. April 2008 has come to a close. More than 350 delegates from

Yarn Expo Spring Concluded the Spring Fair in Beijing Successfully

As the 2009 Yarn Expo Spring,organized by Messe Frankfurt (HK) Ltd,the Sub-Council of Textile Industry-CCPIT,China Cotton Textile Association,China Wool Textile

Normalized education cooperation 7th “Picture Yourself in Perth” concluded

Ten middle school students from Chengdu,China,went on an eightday study tour in Perth,Australia,in February as part of a sister city program.From Feb 6 to 13,the Chinese students,winners of the 7th Picture Yourself in Perth photography contest,visited local universities and had fun at tourist attractions in Perth,Chengdu’s international sister city in Australia.Perth Mayor Lisa Scaffidi and Phil Payne,executive director of

ON THE POSSIBILITY OF PREDICTING PHASE EQUILIBRIA FROM MOLECULAR STRUCTURE

The abvent of the ASOG and UNIFAC group-contribution methods for the prediction of activity coefficients approximately 15 years ago was a significant boost to the ability of chemical engineers to model chemical processes. This paper reviews the status and recent progress in the group-contribution approach to predicting liquid-phase activity coefficients.Several different types of liquid mixtures arc considered: non electrolyte mixtures with normal-boiling components; mixtures with dissolved gases; mixtures with polymers; and mixtures including strong electrolytes. It is concluded that in recent years much progress has been made in the development of group-contribution models for the prediction of activity coefficients. It is in addition shown that combining activity coefficient models with equations of state renders the group-contribution approach applicable also to the highpressure region.Due to space limitation, this review emphasizes UNIFAC and related models.

Involvement of TLR2-My D88 in Abnormal Expression of mi R-146a in Peripheral Blood Monocytes of Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C

miR-146 a is an immunoregulatory micro RNA closely associated with viral infection. This study investigated the expression changes of mi R-146 a in peripheral blood monocytes of HCV-infected patients and the mechanism by which the THP-1 cells were stimulated with HCV core protein in vitro. It was found that in the peripheral blood monocytes of HCV-infected patients, mi R-146 a expression was upregulated. After treated by interferon/ribavirin, mi R-146 a expression was decreased when HCV RNA became undetectable. HCV core could directly stimulate THP-1 cells to produce mi R-146 a. Silencing TLR2 and My D88 could significantly inhibit the expression of mi R-146 a. It was concluded that the expression of mi R-146 a in peripheral blood monocytes of HCV-infected patients was abnormally increased. The TLR2-My D88 signaling pathway may take part in the overexpression of mi R-146 a in monocytes stimulated with HCV core protein.

Condylar and Occlusal Changes after High Condylectomy and Orthodontic Treatment for Condylar Hyperplasia

Condylar hyperplasia（CH） of human temporomandibular joint（TMJ） often occurs unilaterally, and causes occlusal disturbance and facial asymmetry. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of high condylectomy with and without postsurgical orthodontic treatment. Forty patients were diagnosed as having active CH and treated with high condylectomy. Patients in group A（n=24） took the postsurgical orthodontic therapy immediately after surgery, and those in group B（n=16） did not take orthodontic therapy. For both groups, the mandibular ramus height on the affected side was decreased significantly after surgery. Orthodontic treatment promoted maxillary alveolar remodeling significantly by depressing alveolar bone of the affected side and increasing alveolar bone of the nonaffected side. Better improvement for facial midline deviations was observed in group A than in group B. In both groups, the condylar remodeling was observed and manifested by the smoothening of condylar surface and returning of condyle to normal position in glenoid fossa. It was concluded that high condylectomy in the treatment of active CH of TMJ improved the functional occlusion and facial aesthetic. Postsurgical orthodontic therapy could more effectively enhance maxillary alveolar and condylar remodeling, and more rapidly and meticulously establish the stable occlusal and normal position of condyle than the spontaneous remodeling.

Changes in soil organic carbon and aggregate stability after conversion to conservation tillage for seven years in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain of China

Soil aggregate stability and organic carbon（OC） are regarded as effective indicators of soil structure and quality. A longterm field experiment was established in 2006 to examine the influence of tillage systems on soil aggregation and OC in a sandy loam soil in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain of China. The study involved eight treatments： plowing every year with（TS） and without residue（T）, plowing every 2 years with（2TS） and without residue（2T）, plowing every 4 years with（4TS） and without residue（4T）, and no plowing with（NTS） and without residue（NT）. In 2013, soil samples were collected at depths of 0–5, 5–10 and 10–20 cm, and separated into three aggregate-size classes： macroaggregates（〉250 μm）, microaggregates（53–250 μm） and the silt＋clay fraction（〈53 μm） using wet sieving method. Soil parameters measured were water-stable aggregates, geometric mean diameter（GMD）, mean weight diameter（MWD） and OC concentrations in different aggregate-size fractions and in bulk soil. The tillage treatments significantly（P〈0.05） influenced soil aggregate stability and OC distribution. Higher MWD and GMD were observed in 2TS, 4TS and NTS as compared to T. With increasing soil depth, the amount of macroaggregates and MWD and GMD values were increased, while the proportions of microaggregates and the silt＋clay fraction were declined. The OC concentrations in different aggregate fractions at all soil depths followed the order of macroaggregates〉microaggregates〉silt＋clay fraction. In the 0–5 cm soil layer, concentrations of macroaggregateassociated OC in 2TS, 4TS and NTS were 14, 56 and 83% higher than for T, whereas T had the greatest concentration of OC associated with the silt＋clay fraction in the 10–20 cm layer. Soil OC concentrations under 4TS and NTS were significantly higher（P〈0.05） than that of T in the 0–10 cm layer. Residue retention promoted formation of macroaggregates, increased macroaggregate-associated OC concentrations and thus increased total soil OC stock. The macroaggregate-associated OC was positively correlated（R^2=0.96） with soil OC concentration, while the silt＋clay fraction-associated OC was negatively correlated（R^2=0.82） with soil OC concentration. The concentration of soil OC was positively correlated with MWD（R^2=0.94） and GMD（R^2=0.92）. We concluded that increasing tillage intensity led to a loss of carbon（C）-rich macroaggregates and an increase of C-depleted silt＋clay fraction. The conservation tillage system, especially NTS and 4TS, increased soil aggregate stability and promoted OC accumulation in macroaggregates, provided the potential to improve soil C sequestration and soil structure in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain of China.

Modeling of Naval Vessels Combat System based on Complex Network

Naval Vessels Combat System is a kind of complex system.The modeling of combat system has become hot issues in the past years.This paper proposed a new method to establish models of combat system based on the theory of Complex Network.The method of modeling considered the operational entities as nodes.It considered flow of information,substance and energy as edges in a network.The research also carries on a simulation to prove the applicability.Ultimately,the paper concluded that this method is applicable and accurate.

Study on the role of JAK/STAT signaling pathway during chicken spermatogonial stem cells generation based on RNA-Seq

Spermatogonia! stem cells（SSCs） form the foundation for spermatogenesis and sustain male fertility.To explore the regulatory mechanisms of chicken SSCs generation,we obtained highly purified chicken embryonic stem cells（ESCs）,primordial germ cells（PGCs） and SSCs by fluorescence-activated cell sorting（FACS）.High-throughput analysis methods（RNA-Seq） were used to sequence the transcriptome level of these cells.Gene ontology and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes（KEGG） pathway enrichment were used to analyze RNA-Seq results.BMP4 was used to induce chicken ESCs differentiation to SSCs-like cells in vitro.The quantitative real-time（qRT）-PCR was used to detect the expression changes of the key genes.The results showed that 22 relevant critical pathways were found by RNA-Seq,one of them was the Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription（JAK/STAT） signaling pathway.Total of 103 related genes were detected in this pathway.Protein-protein interactions analysis found that 87 proteins were significantly related to 19 key proteins in this pathway.These 87 proteins were enriched in 21 biological processes and 18 signaling pathways.Moreover,during the differentiation of chicken ESCs to SSCs-like cells induced by BMP4 in vitro,JAK2 and STAT3 were activated.The qRT-PCR results showed that the expression trends of JAK2 and STAT3 were basically the same as in vivo.We concluded that JAK/STAT signaling pathway plays an important role in the process of chicken SSCs generation both in vivo and in vitro;it may achieve its function through multiple biological processes and other related pathways.

Acute and 28-day Sub-acute Oral Toxicity Evaluation of Two Dietary Bamboo Charcoal Powders in Sprague-Dawley Rats

No data were available on the acute oral toxicity, short-term oral toxicity of vegetable carbon in animals. This study was designed to evaluate the safety of two commercially available dietary bamboo charcoal powders（BCP1 and BCP2）. The size distribution of the two powders was determined by a Mastersizer 2000 laser particle size analyzer prior to the in vivo safety studies. For the acute toxicity study, a single dose of 11.24 g/kg body weight of BCP1 and BCP2 was given once orally to healthy Sprague-Dawley（SD） rats. Mortality and clinical symptoms were observed and recorded for the first 30 min after treatment, at 4 h post-administration, and then at least once daily for 14 days after administration. In the repeated dose 28-day oral toxicity study, BCP1 and BCP2 were administered orally at doses of 2.81, 5.62, and 11.24 g/kg body weight for 28 days to SD rats. Animals were sacrificed and organs and blood samples were analyzed. Results showed that both BCP1 and BCP2 were micro-sized and various in size. In the acute toxicity and the repeated dose 28-day oral toxicity studies, BCP caused neither mortality nor visible signs of toxicity in rats. No significant differences were found in the relative organ weights or in biochemical parameters in BCP treated groups compared to a control group. No treatment-related histological changes were observed in the organs of these animals. Based on these data, it is concluded that the median lethal dose（LD50） of BCP for both male and female rats is more than 11. 24 g/kg body weight and the no-observed-adverse-effect level（NOAEL） is 〉11.24 g/kg body weight for 28 days.

DETERMINATION OF GEOSTROPHIC FLOW BY APPLYING THE PRINCIPLE OF MINIMUM ENERGY AND THE INVERSE METHOD

This article gives a computing method to calculate the geostrophic current. The fact that kinetic energy of geostrophic motion and geostrophic potential energy reach minimum simultaneously, Fomin’s "principle of minimum kinetic energy" is equivalent to the principle of minimum geostrophic potential energy . We concluded that horizontal geostrophic velocities at different depths are along the same direction . Combining our method with C. Wunsch’s inverse method we can obtain the velocity components along and normal to the hydrographic sections . We used and analysed CTD and current meter data of " Experiment No . 3 " exploration, December 1985-January 1986, in the west Pacific Ocean - Philippine area.

Toxocara infection in gardener

To the editor,The report on Toxocara infection in gardener is very interesting[1].Esquivel et al.concluded that"gardeners do not have a higher risk for Toxocara infection than subjects of the general population in Durango City,Mexico"[1].In fact,considering the source of infection of Toxocara,it can be at risk for anyone who contacts it.As an occupation,gardener might have a chance to contact soil.In fact,everyone has to contact soil and the gardener does not live all day but part

MUTAGENICITY AND TERATOGENICITY STUDIES OF THE β-CARBOXYETHYLGERMANIUM SESQUIOXIDE

The present article reports the mutagenicity andteratogenicity studies of the β-carboxyethylger-manium sesquioxide(Ge-132).Mutagenicity of Ge-132was investigated in abattery of short-term test.The test systems employed were:(1) Ames

英文大事记 1992年9月1日～15日

Non-aligned nations began the 10th summit on September 1 in Jakarta to adapt their movement to the post-Cold War era and lift themselves out of the poverty. Indonesian President Suharto opened the summit. Delegates from its 108 members attended the meeting. The summit concluded on September 6 proposed a new approach designed to promote South-South co-operation. The proposal was contained in the final document.

STUDIES ON TERATOGENICITY AND EMBYROTOXICITY TESTS OF BENZOYLMETRONIDAZOIE IN MICE

The research result of benzoylmetronidazoleteratogenicity and embyrotoxicity effects wereevaluated in mice.Benzoylmetronidazole wereadministered orally at 0.5,1.0,2.0,4.

AMERICA'S NEW EUROPEAN SECURITY STRATEGY

ⅠEarly this year,the US President Bill Clinton made his first visit to Europesince his inauguration as President.He attended the Nato summit held inBrussels,met with heads of state of the Czech Republic,the Slovak Re-public,Poland and Hungary in Prague,and concluded his trip with visits to Russi-a,Ukraine and Byelorussia.During his European tour,he put forward a newstrategy for European security,which consists of the following four basic points:1.To reaffirm that Europe remains the“core”of US security and“central”to US interests(President Clinton).During his European trip,President Clinton made this reaffirmation time andagain.Admittedly,part of the reason for this is to pacify the European allies,making them feel assured.But it is also true that it reflected his real thinking.