Parameters Sensitivity Analysis and Correction for Concrete Damage Plastic Model

In order to understand the effect of hardening ductility parameters and softening ductility parameters of the concrete damage plastic model in LS-DYNA,a sensitivity and reliability analysis of these parameters through a convenient cube unit test was conducted. The results showed that the peak strength strain was independent of the hardening ductility parameter DH,but affected by AH,BH,and CH. The softening ductility was mainly related to the softening ductility parameter AS,but not affected by the damage ductility exponent BS. In case that the model with default parameters failed to match the AS-controlled damage softening phase,an optimized model with an AS correction was developed. The corrected model with the AS value of 2 matched well with the code model,and exhibited good feasibility in predicting the stress-strain curve of different grades of concrete. Moreover,the practicability of the corrected model was further validated by the conventional triaxial test. The simulated curve exhibited favorable consistence with the trial curve. Therefore,the model with parameter correction could provide a prospective reference for predicting the mechanical properties of concrete.

Evaluation of Blast-Resistant Performance Predicted by Damaged Plasticity Model for Concrete

in order to evaluate the capacity of reinforced concrete （RC） structures subjected to blast Ioadings, the damaged plasticity model for concrete was used in the analysis of the dynamic responses of blast-loaded RC structures, and all three failure modes were numerically simulated by the finite element software ABAQUS. Simulation results agree with the experimental observations. It is demonstrated that the damaged plasticity model for concrete in the finite element software ABAQUS can predict dynamic responses and typical flexure, flexure-shear and direct shear failure modes of the blast-loaded RC structures.

Damage Detection in Reinforced Concrete Berthing Jetty Using a Plasticity Model Approach

A conventional method of damage modeling by a reduction in stiffness is insufficient to model the complex non-linear damage characteristics of concrete material accurately.In this research,the concrete damage plasticity constitutive model is used to develop the numerical model of a deck beam on a berthing jetty in the Abaqus finite element package.The model constitutes a solid section of 3D hexahedral brick elements for concrete material embedded with 2D quadrilateral surface elements as reinforcements.The model was validated against experimental results of a beam of comparable dimensions in a cited literature.The validated beam model is then used in a three-point load test configuration to demonstrate its applicability for preliminary numerical evaluation of damage detection strategy in marine concrete structural health monitoring.The natural frequency was identified to detect the presence of damage and mode shape curvature was found sensitive to the location of damage.

Seismic stability analysis of concrete gravity dams with penetrated cracks

The seismic stability of a cracked dam was examined in this study. Geometric nonlinearity and large deformations, as well as the contact condition at the crack site, were taken into consideration. The location of penetrated cracks was first identified using the concrete plastic-damage model based on the nonlinear finite element method （FEM）. Then, the hard contact algorithm was used to simulate the crack interaction in the normal direction, and the Coloumb friction model was used to simulate the crack interaction in the tangential direction. After verification of numerical models through a case study, the seismic stability of the Koyna Dam with two types of penetrated cracks is discussed in detail with different seismic peak accelerations, and the collapse processes of the cracked dam are also presented. The results show that the stability of the dam with two types of penetrated cracks can be ensured in an earthquake with a magnitude of the original Koyna earthquake, and the cracked dam has a large earthquake-resistant margin. The failure processes of the cracked dam in strong earthquakes can be divided into two stages： the sliding stage and the overturning stage. The sliding stage ends near the peak acceleration, and the top block slides a long distance along the crack before the collapse occurs. The maximum sliding displacement of the top block will decrease with an increasing friction coefficient at the crack site.

An enhanced damage plasticity model for predicting the cyclic behavior of plain concrete under multiaxial loading conditions

Some of the current concrete damage plasticity models in the literature employ a single damage variable for both the tension and compression regimes,while a few more advanced models employ two damage variables.Models with a single variable have an inherent dificulty in accounting for the damage accrued due to tensile and compressive actions in appropriately different manners,and their mutual dependencies.In the current models that adopt two damage variables,the independence of these damage variables during cyclic loading results in the failure to capture the effects of tensile damage on the compressive behavior of concrete and vice-versa.This study presents a cyclic model established by extending an existing monotonic constitutive model.The model describes the cyclic behavior of concrete under multiaxial loading conditions and considers the influence of tensile/compressive damage on the compressive/tensile response.The proposed model,dubbed the enhanced concrete damage plasticity model(ECDPM),is an extension of an existing model that combines the theories of classical plasticity and continuum damage mechanics.Unlike most prior studies on models in the same category,the performance of the proposed ECDPM is evaluated using experimental data on concrete specimens at the material level obtained under cyclic multiaxial loading conditions including uniaxial tension and confined compression.The performance of the model is observed to be satisfactory.Furthermore,the superiority of ECDPM over three previously proposed constitutive models is demonstrated through comparisons with the results of a uniaxial tension-compression test and a virtual test.

Elastoplastic damage model for concrete based on consistent free energy potential

The aim of this study is to formulate an appropriate free energy potential for inelastic behavior of concrete and construct an elastoplastic damage model on a more rational basis. The concept of effective plastic energy storage rates is proposed, which are conjugate forces of hardening variables in an undamaged configuration. Then an analogy between the evolution of harden- ing variables and that of a plastic strain is used to postulate the formulation of plastic free energy. This formulation reflects the specific characteristics of a certain plasticity model, so it can serve well as a thermodynamic link between plasticity and dam- age. By combination of the general formulation of free energy with the double hardening plasticity theory and two-parameter damage expression, a thermodynamically well-founded elastoplastic damage model for concrete is constructed. The operator split algorithm is emploved, and the numerical simulations a^ree well with a series of material tests.

YIELD CRITERION IN PLASTIC-DAMAGE MODELS FOR CONCRETE

A class of plastic-damage models for concrete require an unambiguous definition of cohesion in the yield criteria. For this reason, the Lubliner yield criterion has been adopted by many investigators and the commercial FE program Abaqus. As is well known, this criterion has achieved great success especially in plane stress states. In this paper, we are trying to extend it to triaxial compression stress states. First, a major limitation of the Lubliner criterion is analyzed. Then, a revised version of the Lubliner criterion is proposed, which shows appropriate properties over a wide range of stress states often encountered in engineering structures, and the predicted failure envelopes fit well with experimental data. For the concrete damaged plasticity model in Abaqus, a calibration strategy is suggested for uniformly confined concrete.

CDP模型参数计算及取值方法验证

为了将混凝土结构设计规范中的混凝土应力-应变曲线应用到ABAQUS混凝土塑性损伤模型中,对混凝土塑性损伤模型参数计算方法及损伤因子的取值范围进行了研究,以1根简支梁受弯试验为例,对混凝土应力-应变曲线截断处及损伤因子的取值进行标定。为了验证所提模型参数计算方法及取值的合理性和准确性,选取了2根简支梁和1片剪力墙进行有限元模拟,结果表明:梁的开裂荷载、极限荷载以及荷载-跨中挠度曲线的模拟结果与试验结果吻合性较好,满足工程精度要求,混凝土应力-应变曲线截断处及损伤因子的取值是准确可靠的。

基于CDP本构的风电基础混凝土软化特性研究

为了研究流固耦合作用下风力发电基础的损伤机理,建立了风力发电机组“叶片-塔筒-基础-地基”耦联系统模型,基于混凝土塑性损伤本构,探讨了不同的混凝土软化特性对基础损伤分布的影响,并揭示了随着风致荷载的增加,基础不同部位损伤的演化过程。结果表明:不同的混凝土软化段特性对基础损伤程度及范围有一定影响,但更多的是影响损伤发展的速率,即混凝土开裂后的承载能力降低的速率;应力最大值均出现在顺风载方向基础环对应下阶的底部,即,混凝土软化曲线越陡,基础应力值越大;在基础应力发展过程中,各工况下基础应力变化趋势基本一致,损伤首先出现在迎风侧方向基础环对应的下阶底部,并逐渐顺钢环边缘向两侧延展最终形成贯穿带,其中工况四损伤最大达到0.878。

基于单轴拉压模拟的CDP模型参数影响

ABAQUS内置的混凝土损伤塑性(CDP)模型是描述混凝土受力响应的最常用方法之一,但CDP参数选择不当会导致结果与实际偏差过大,甚至导致程序无法提交计算,影响模型正常使用。在详细介绍CDP中各参数物理意义、计算方法的基础上,提出了建议的CDP参数取值范围。随后,对单一均质的棱柱体混凝土试件在单轴拉伸和单轴压缩作用下的荷载—位移曲线进行数值模拟,并在此基础上研究了边界条件、网格类型、网格尺寸、损伤参数计算方法和动静力学求解器对计算结果的影响。结果表明,部分现有的损伤参数计算方法不适用于CDP模型,在考虑多方面因素后推荐使用王中强和余志武的方法计算CDP参数。此外,在单轴拉伸模拟时CDP模型表现出明显的网格依赖性,这个问题有待进一步研究。

基于CDP模型的装配式双柱桥墩在低周往复加载下的力学性能研究

以南京市某改扩建装配式桥梁建设为背景,研究低周往复加载作用下装配式双柱实心桥墩的整体力学性能。利用混凝土塑性损伤模型(CDP)与Clough钢筋模型建立考虑套筒的节段装配桥墩有限元模型,分析装配式桥墩的混凝土损伤、钢筋应力等随加载过程的变化规律。结果表明,灌浆套筒局部加强墩柱刚度,使得混凝土损伤上移;混凝土损伤先出现在墩的顶底部,但首先被压坏的部位位于墩柱中部;墩中部箍筋首先屈服,最终墩顶、底部的纵筋大部分屈服;双柱实心矮墩的滞回曲线较扁,耗能能力较弱。

近海大气环境下RC结构钢筋锈蚀程度预测

钢筋锈蚀是影响近海大气环境下RC结构使用寿命的重要因素之一。为研究近海大气环境下混凝土碳化与氯离子侵蚀双重作用对钢筋锈蚀的影响,对沿海地区不同龄期钢筋混凝土结构进行了工程实测,包括混凝土抗压强度、碳化深度、钢筋表面氯离子浓度及锈蚀深度。基于实测结果,拟合得到了混凝土碳化深度与抗压强度间的关系模型,建立了同时考虑混凝土碳化深度与钢筋表面氯离子浓度的钢筋锈蚀深度预测模型。在此基础上,利用Abaqus分析软件对不同龄期、轴压比的RC框架柱进行了损伤塑性分析,得到了锈蚀RC框架柱抗震性能随服役龄期与轴压比的变化规律。

基于修正断裂分析模型的混凝土劈拉强度预测

数值分析是规避试验短板、实现理论预期的重要研究手段。该文采用细观尺度数值试验方法,对建立的基于绕晶失效模式的混凝土三维细观断裂理论分析模型进行修正。采用的混凝土数值分析模型由砂浆、界面及骨料组成,与理论分析模型保持一致。为模拟普通强度混凝土的力学行为,采用塑性损伤本构模型表征砂浆和界面的力学性能,骨料则设为弹性球体。采用自编骨料投放程序,建立了截面尺寸分别为100 mm(一级配)、150 mm(二级配)、300 mm(三级配)和450 mm(四级配)的三维模型混凝土标准立方体试件。通过开展不同界面强度条件下标准立方体试件劈裂拉伸加载数值试验,对理论分析模型进行了修正,建立了用于不同级配混凝土劈拉强度预测的半理论-半经验修正计算公式。与数值试验及物理试验结果对比表明:修正后的理论分析模型能够有效表征混凝土宏观力学性能随细观组成材料力学特性和结构特性的变化规律。该文提出的基于重叠效应和结构效应分析的理论模型修正方法,可为后续建立基于修正断裂分析模型的混凝土力学性能半理论-半经验预测公式奠定基础。

基于混凝土损伤塑性模型的弯曲损伤RC/PC桥梁动力学特性研究

基于混凝土损伤塑性模型,通过数值模拟研究了带有弯曲损伤的RC/PC桥梁动力学特性的退化情况.首先,提出了适用于RC/PC桥梁非线性振动分析的数值模型构建方法.其次,通过RC简支梁受弯破坏试验,将试验结果与数值模拟结果进行比较,验证了数值模型的准确性.最后,基于厦门快速公交系统中某一联三跨PC连续梁桥建立了三维有限元模型,研究其在不同弯曲损伤程度下前三阶频率和振型的变化情况.结果表明,带有弯曲损伤的RC/PC桥梁的动力学特性会随着损伤程度的增加而呈现不同程度的改变.带有混凝土裂缝的桥梁的微幅振动仍然是线性的,然而随着振幅的增大频率开始降低,使振动呈现出非线性.此外,当裂缝闭合时,前三阶自振频率与振型变化不明显,难以用于识别弯曲损伤;当裂缝张开时,前三阶自振频率与振型出现明显变化,可作为损伤检测指标来识别损伤.

基于修正力磁模型的混凝土结构压磁疲劳模拟

为了通过混凝土梁内钢筋在力磁效应下的磁信号来定量分析混凝土梁的疲劳状态,整合几种力磁模型的优缺点和适用范围,提出了适用于铁磁性材料弹塑性阶段的力磁本构模型,并通过ANSYS定量模拟分析了混凝土梁在弹性和弹塑性阶段的磁化特征;对混凝土结构在拟动力和疲劳加载过程中的力磁效应进行了有限元模拟,得到了测点处磁感应强度的时变曲线,并与试验和隐式微分模型所得结果进行对比。结果表明:修正后的力磁模型在弹性阶段的应用能够准确反映试验观察到的3个阶段变化规律,即梁开裂前的平直段、开裂后的迅速磁化段和加载后期的磁化饱和段;该模型的磁场模拟结果还能反映箍筋、纵筋的相对位置和梁的受载情况;在疲劳阶段,模拟结果与试验观察的规律一致,精度较高,并与试验结果在同一数量级;该修正力磁模型不仅具有应力与磁学属性的直观映射关系,而且相较于隐式微分模型更易于应用,可作为力磁效应的定量化研究工具。

单轴压缩荷载作用下混凝土损伤破坏的细观力学分析

基于伸缩因子函数的变形方法和蒙特卡罗方法,建立了由骨料、砂浆和二者之间的界面过渡区构成的混凝土随机骨料模型。采用有限单元法对混凝土随机骨料模型的抗压强度、应力峰值、应力分布、损伤状态等力学性能进行了数值计算,从细观尺度上分析了混凝土的损伤破坏过程及裂缝形貌特征。结果表明:在单轴压缩荷载作用下,混凝土首先在薄弱区域的界面过渡区处发生拉应力和剪应力集中,产生初始损伤;然后损伤扩展至水泥砂浆,形成贯穿裂缝;最终,导致混凝土承载力失效。

基于有限元分析的塑性混凝土本构模型对比研究

塑性混凝土力学性能介于混凝土与土体之间,其本构模型选择尚无统一标准。本文采用有限元方法,结合实例工程,分别采用塑性损伤和硬化土两种本构模型对塑性混凝土进行模拟,系统对比分析两种本构模型的计算差异性。结果表明,两种本构模型的计算结果规律基本一致,塑性损伤本构模型表达式简单,计算结果偏保守、安全,而硬化土体本构模型计算结果准确度更高,但模型参数测定较为复杂,后续可基于硬化土本构模型对塑性混凝土本构模型进行改进。

夏季高温下支承层斜裂缝诱发纵连板上拱规律研究

在夏季高温作用下,支承层斜裂贯通缝可能导致结构上拱变形,衍生次生病害。基于内聚力和塑性损伤理论建立CRTSⅡ型板式无砟轨道结构有限元模型并与现场实测结果对比验证模型的有效性,分析夏季高温作用下支承层斜裂缝导致的结构上拱变形、离缝、受力和伤损规律。结果表明,温度荷载作用下,斜裂缝一旦贯通,轨道结构变形急剧增大。随温度升高,支承层相互错动,CA砂浆层与支承层先离缝,随后轨道板与CA砂浆层离缝,轨道结构上拱变形。结构性能随温度演化过程可分为0~20℃的缓慢发展阶段、20~30℃的加速发展阶段和大于30℃的飞速破坏阶段。贯通斜裂缝位于板中,角度30°时,轨道结构变形达到最大值26 mm。建议温度大于30℃时,检修重点关注角度不大于45°的板中斜裂贯通缝。

非对称顶推力作用下盾构隧道结构响应研究

为研究盾构在小半径曲线隧道施工时非对称顶推力对隧道结构力学性能的影响,以广东圭峰山隧道区间盾构隧道为工程背景,考虑隧道衬砌材料的非线性特性,基于混凝土损伤塑性本构模型,建立盾构隧道施工阶段精细化有限元模型,采用数值方法分析了非对称顶推力作用下盾构隧道的力学特性。研究结果表明:①在非对称推力作用下盾尾衬砌管片横断面变形表现为向大荷载侧的挤出变形,非对称推力的影响范围与推力偏差量相关。②非对称推力引起的隧道竖向和横向弯矩远大于环向弯矩,其对环向内力影响较小,且主要体现为对环向剪力的影响。③盾构推进油缸的推力偏差使得隧道纵向由全断面受压状态逐渐过渡到压弯状态,在大推力侧的盾尾衬砌环缝(尤其是“T”形缝)间产生了明显的压应力集中,若该区域存在拼装误差,极易造成管片混凝土压溃;而小推力侧的纵向螺栓随着各组油缸推力偏差的增大开始受拉,使得部分环缝处于纵向受拉状态,存在潜在的环缝防水失效风险。因此,进行盾构曲线掘进施工时,应合理调配各组油缸推力,严格控制盾构衬砌管片拼装质量,同时应加强盾尾附近衬砌接缝的渗漏水监测。

Investigation on modeling parameters of concrete beams reinforced with basalt FRP bars

Fiber-reinforced polymer(FRP)bars are widely used as internal reinforcement replacing the conventional steel bars to prevent from corrosion.Among the different types of FRP bars,basalt FRP(BFRP)bars have been used in different structural applications and,herein,three already tested concrete beams reinforced with BFRP bars are analyzed using three-dimensional(3-D)finite element analysis(FEA).The beams were tested in four-point bending.In the FEA the behavior of concrete is simulated using the^Concrete-Damaged Plasticity^^model offered in ABAQUS software.The research presented here presents a calibrated model for nonlinear FEA of BFRP concrete beams to predict their response considering both the accuracy and the computational efficiency.The calibration process showed that the concrete model should be regularized using a mesh-dependent characteristic length and material-dependent post-yield fracture and crushing energies to provide accurate mesh-size independent results.FEA results were compared to the test results with regard to failure load and crack patterns.Both the test results and the numerical results were compared to the design predictions of ACI 440.1R-15 and CSA S806-12,where CSA S806-12 seems to overestimate the shear strength for two beams.