A method is developed to predict the lateral load-carrying capacity of composite shear walls with double steel plates and filled concrete with binding bars(SCBs). Nonlinear finite element models of SCBs were establish...A method is developed to predict the lateral load-carrying capacity of composite shear walls with double steel plates and filled concrete with binding bars(SCBs). Nonlinear finite element models of SCBs were established by using the finite element tool, Abaqus. Tie constraints were used to connect the binding bars and the steel plates. Surface-to-surface contact provided by the Abaqus was used to simulate the interaction between the steel plate and the core concrete. The established models could predict the lateral load-carrying capacity of SCBs with a reasonable degree of accuracy. A calculation method was developed by superposition principle to predict the lateral load-carrying capacity of SCBs for the engineering application. The concrete confined by steel plates and binding bars is under multi-axial compression; therefore, its shear strength was calculated by using the Guo-Wang concrete failure criterion. The shear strength of the steel plates of SCBs was calculated by using the von Mises yielding criterion without considering buckling. Results of the developed method are in good agreement with the testing and finite element results.展开更多
In order to further improve the seismic performance of RC shear walls, a new composite shear wall with concrete filled steel tube (CFT) columns and concealed steel trusses is proposed. This new shear wall is a doubl...In order to further improve the seismic performance of RC shear walls, a new composite shear wall with concrete filled steel tube (CFT) columns and concealed steel trusses is proposed. This new shear wall is a double composite shear wall; the first composite being the use of three different force systems, CFT, steel truss and shear wall, and the second the use of two different materials, steel and concrete. Three 1/5 scaled experimental specimens: a traditional RC shear wall, a shear wall with CFT columns, and a shear wall with CFT columns and concealed steel trusses, were tested under cyclic loading and the seismic performance indices of the shear walls were comparatively analyzed. Based on the data from these experiments, a thorough elastic-plastic finite element analysis and parametric analysis of the new shear walls were carried out using ABAQUS software. The finite element results of deformation, stress distribution, and the evolution of cracks in each phase were compared with the experimental results and showed good agreement. A mechanical model was also established for calculating the load-carrying capacity of the new composite shear walls. The results show that this new type of shear wall has improved seismic performance over the other two types of shear wails tested.展开更多
In this paper, a steel-concrete multi-energy dissipation composite shear wall, comprised of steel-reinforced concrete (SRC) columns, steel plate (SP) deep beams, a concrete wall and energy dissipation strips, is p...In this paper, a steel-concrete multi-energy dissipation composite shear wall, comprised of steel-reinforced concrete (SRC) columns, steel plate (SP) deep beams, a concrete wall and energy dissipation strips, is proposed. In order to study the multi-energy dissipation behavior and restorability after an earthquake, two stages of low cyclic loading tests were carded out on ten test specimens. In the first stage, test on five specimens with different number of SP deep beams was carried out, and the test lasted until the displacement drift reached 2%. In the second stage, thin SPs were welded to both sides of the five specimens tested in the first stage, and the same test was carried out on the repaired specimens (designated as new specimens). The load-bearing capacity, stiffness, ductility, hysteretic behavior and failure characteristics were analyzed for both stages and the results are discussed herein. Extrapolating from these results, strength calculation models and formulas are proposed herein and simulations using ABAQUS carried out, they show good agreement with the test results. The study demonstrates that SRC columns, SP deep beams, concrete wall and energy dissipation strips cooperate well and play an important role in energy dissipation. In addition, this study shows that the shear wall has good recoverability after an earthquake, and that the welding of thin SP's to repair a deformed wall is a practicable technique.展开更多
This paper presents some methods that the standard acceleration design response spectra derived from the present China code for seismic design of buildings are transformed into the seismic demand spectra, and that the...This paper presents some methods that the standard acceleration design response spectra derived from the present China code for seismic design of buildings are transformed into the seismic demand spectra, and that the base shear force-roof displacement curve of structure is converted to the capacity spectrum of an equivalent single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) system. The capacity spectrum method (CSM) is programmed by means of MATLABT.0 computer language. A dual lateral force resisting system of 10-story steel frame-steel plate shear walls (SPSW) is designed according to the corresponding China design codes. The base shear force-roof displacement curve of structure subjected to the monotonic increasing lateral inverse triangular load is obtained by applying the equivalent strip model to stimulate SPSW and by using the finite element analysis software SAP2000 to make Pushover analysis. The seismic performance of this dual system subjected to three different conditions, i.e. the 8-intensity frequently occurred earthquake, fortification earthquake and seldom occurred earthquake, is evaluated by CSM program. The excessive safety of steel frame-SPSW system designed according to the present China design codes is pointed out and a new design method is suggested.展开更多
A composite shear wall concept based on concrete filled steel tube (CFST) columns and steel plate (SP) deep beams is proposed and examined in this study. The new wall is composed of three different energy dissipat...A composite shear wall concept based on concrete filled steel tube (CFST) columns and steel plate (SP) deep beams is proposed and examined in this study. The new wall is composed of three different energy dissipation elements: CFST columns; SP deep beams; and reinforced concrete (RC) strips. The RC strips are intended to allow the core structural elements - the CFST columns and SP deep beams - to work as a single structure to consume energy. Six specimens of different configurations were tested under cyclic loading. The resulting data are analyzed herein. In addition, numerical simulations of the stress and damage processes for each specimen were carried out, and simulations were completed for a range of location and span-height ratio variations for the SP beams. The simulations show good agreement with the test results. The core structure exhibits a ductile yielding mechanism characteristic of strong column-weak beam structures, hysteretic curves are plump and the composite shear wall exhibits several seismic defense lines. The deformation of the shear wall specimens with encased CFST column and SP deep beam design appears to be closer to that of entire shear walls. Establishing optimal design parameters for the configuration of SP deep beams is pivotal to the best seismic behavior of the wall. The new composite shear wall is therefore suitable for use in the seismic design of building structures.展开更多
Nonlinear finite element analysis and parametric studies were carried out to study the influence of axial load ratio on the shear behavior of the through-diaphragm connections of concrete-filled square steel tubular c...Nonlinear finite element analysis and parametric studies were carried out to study the influence of axial load ratio on the shear behavior of the through-diaphragm connections of concrete-filled square steel tubular columns. The analysis reveals that smaller axial load ratio can improve the shear bearing capacity and ductility while larger axial load ratio will decrease the shear behavior of the through-diaphragm connections. The parametric studies indicate that the axial load ratio should be limited to less than 0.4 and its influence should be considered in the analysis and design of such connections.展开更多
In spite of the good performance of the steel plate shear wall(SPSW)in recent earthquakes and experimental studies,the need for huge columns to surround the infill plate is a major shortcoming of the system.This short...In spite of the good performance of the steel plate shear wall(SPSW)in recent earthquakes and experimental studies,the need for huge columns to surround the infill plate is a major shortcoming of the system.This shortcoming can be resolved by using semi-supported SPSW.The semi-supported SPSW has secondary columns that prevent the transfer of stress from the infill plate to the main columns.In spite of extensive experimental and numerical investigations on SPSWs,there are many ambiguities regarding the behavior of the semi-supported SPSW.Although stress in the columns is reduced,incomplete diagonal tension field action is formed in the infill plate that creates new problems.In this paper,a new type of semi-supported SPSW is presented in which the steel plate and the secondary columns are angled.The creation of the angle of the plate and the secondary column makes it possible to use the full capacity of the steel plate as well as the capacity of the secondary columns.Numerical results showed that the wall with a 60°angle has a favorable performance relative to the semi-supported wall.Moreover,with the 60°angle,stiffness,strength and energy absorption is increased.The angle of the secondary columns has little effect on the non-elastic stiffness.Nevertheless,using a wall with an angle of more than 90°can neutralize the wall’s behavior relative to conventional walls.Therefore,the wall with a 60°angle as an optimal angle is recommended.展开更多
This paper presents a new type of two sides slotted steel plate shear wall, and carries on the analysis to the finite element elastic buckling, respectively discusses the critical buckling load and the buckling mode. ...This paper presents a new type of two sides slotted steel plate shear wall, and carries on the analysis to the finite element elastic buckling, respectively discusses the critical buckling load and the buckling mode. For the steel plate shear wall without stiffening ribs on both sides, the paper given the buckling coefficient formula, and give design proposal and reference value of steel plate shear wall with stiffened on both sides.展开更多
Tests of nine angle-steel concrete column (ASCC) specimens under low cyclic loading are described in a companion paper (Zheng and Ji, 2008). In this paper, the skeleton curves from the numerical simulation are pre...Tests of nine angle-steel concrete column (ASCC) specimens under low cyclic loading are described in a companion paper (Zheng and Ji, 2008). In this paper, the skeleton curves from the numerical simulation are presented, and show good agreement with the test results. Furthermore, parametric studies are conducted to explore the influence of factors such as the axial compression ratio, shear steel plate ratio, steel ratio, prismatic concrete compression strength, yield strength of angle steel and shear span ratio, etc., on the monotonic load-displacement curves of the ASCCs. Based on a statistical analysis of the calculated results, hysteretic models for load-displacement and moment-curvature are proposed, which agree well with the test results. Finally, some suggestions concerning the conformation of ASCCs are proposed, which could be useful in engineering practice.展开更多
Purpose of present work is to develop a reliable and simple method for structural analysis of RC Shear Walls. The shear wall is simulated by a truss model as the bar of a truss is the simplest finite element. An itera...Purpose of present work is to develop a reliable and simple method for structural analysis of RC Shear Walls. The shear wall is simulated by a truss model as the bar of a truss is the simplest finite element. An iterative method is used. Initially, there are only concrete bars. Repeated structural analyses are performed. After each structural analysis, every concrete bar exceeding tensile strength is replaced by a steel bar. For every concrete bar exceeding compressive strength, first its section area is increased. If this is not enough, a steel bar is placed at the side of it. For every steel bar exceeding tensile or compressive strength, its section area is increased. After the end of every structural analysis, if all concrete and steel bars fall within tensile and compressive strengths, the output data are written and the analysis is terminated. Otherwise, the structural analysis is repeated. As all the necessary conditions (static, elastic, linearized geometric) are satisfied and the stresses of ALL concrete and steel bars fall within the tensile and compressive strengths, the results are acceptable. Usually, the proposed method exhibits a fast convergence in 4 - 5 repeats of structural analysis of the RC Shear Wall.展开更多
This study proposes a new auxetic-shaped steel plate shear walls(simply referred to as ASSPSWs)consisting of boundary members and built-in perforated infill plates.The connection type between the boundary members is a...This study proposes a new auxetic-shaped steel plate shear walls(simply referred to as ASSPSWs)consisting of boundary members and built-in perforated infill plates.The connection type between the boundary members is a hinge joint.The hole forms on the infill plates include orthogonal ellipse-shaped(ASSPSW-OE)and orthogonal peanutshaped(ASSPSW-OP).This paper studied the hysteretic performance of two steel plate shear walls’types based on the finite element analysis method.Within the study context,a parametric analysis was carried out to investigate the influence of various factors,such as hole size and hole distance,on the seismic performance of steel plate shear walls(SPSWs).The results indicated that reducing the the ratio of the ligament thickness to ellipse major axis(t/D)in orthogonal ellipse-shaped SPSWs can effectively increase the porosity while reducing the bearing and energy dissipation capacities.Under the condition with the t/D unchanged,increasing the ratio of the major to minor axis of the ellipse(d/D)raises the porosity and does not significantly reduce the bearing capacity and energy dissipation capacity of the SPSWs.For orthogonal peanut-shaped SPSWs,the holes’geometrical parameters significantly influence the hysteretic performance.Particularly,with the increase in the radial ratio of large to small circles in a peanut-shaped hole(R/r),the spacing between cells decreases.When drift exceeds 2%,the equivalent viscous damping ratio decreases sharply.Unlike the orthogonal ellipse-shaped SPSWs,changing the arrangement angle of peanut-shaped cells has no significant effect on orthogonal peanut-shaped SPSWs.However,the larger the angle,the greater the out-of-plane buckling of orthogonal ellipse-shaped SPSWs;thus,the energy dissipation capacity is reduced.The similarities lie in that the larger cell arrangement angle will make the steel plates have a complete stress field,and the bearing capacity will be slightly improved.When the cell arrangement angle(θ)is 45°,the SPSWs can develop high initial stiffness.展开更多
基金Project(51178333)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(SLDRCE09-D-03)supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of China
文摘A method is developed to predict the lateral load-carrying capacity of composite shear walls with double steel plates and filled concrete with binding bars(SCBs). Nonlinear finite element models of SCBs were established by using the finite element tool, Abaqus. Tie constraints were used to connect the binding bars and the steel plates. Surface-to-surface contact provided by the Abaqus was used to simulate the interaction between the steel plate and the core concrete. The established models could predict the lateral load-carrying capacity of SCBs with a reasonable degree of accuracy. A calculation method was developed by superposition principle to predict the lateral load-carrying capacity of SCBs for the engineering application. The concrete confined by steel plates and binding bars is under multi-axial compression; therefore, its shear strength was calculated by using the Guo-Wang concrete failure criterion. The shear strength of the steel plates of SCBs was calculated by using the von Mises yielding criterion without considering buckling. Results of the developed method are in good agreement with the testing and finite element results.
基金Science and Technology Key Project of Beijing Under Grant No.D0905060370000National Natural Science Foundation of China Under Grant No.50878007+1 种基金Project High-level Personnel in Beijing Under Grant No.PHR20100502the Scientific and Technological Planning of Beijing Key Project Education Commission Under Grant No.KZ200910005008
文摘In order to further improve the seismic performance of RC shear walls, a new composite shear wall with concrete filled steel tube (CFT) columns and concealed steel trusses is proposed. This new shear wall is a double composite shear wall; the first composite being the use of three different force systems, CFT, steel truss and shear wall, and the second the use of two different materials, steel and concrete. Three 1/5 scaled experimental specimens: a traditional RC shear wall, a shear wall with CFT columns, and a shear wall with CFT columns and concealed steel trusses, were tested under cyclic loading and the seismic performance indices of the shear walls were comparatively analyzed. Based on the data from these experiments, a thorough elastic-plastic finite element analysis and parametric analysis of the new shear walls were carried out using ABAQUS software. The finite element results of deformation, stress distribution, and the evolution of cracks in each phase were compared with the experimental results and showed good agreement. A mechanical model was also established for calculating the load-carrying capacity of the new composite shear walls. The results show that this new type of shear wall has improved seismic performance over the other two types of shear wails tested.
基金Beijing Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.8122004the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.51178010the National Science and Technology Support Program of China under Grant No.2012BAJ13B02
文摘In this paper, a steel-concrete multi-energy dissipation composite shear wall, comprised of steel-reinforced concrete (SRC) columns, steel plate (SP) deep beams, a concrete wall and energy dissipation strips, is proposed. In order to study the multi-energy dissipation behavior and restorability after an earthquake, two stages of low cyclic loading tests were carded out on ten test specimens. In the first stage, test on five specimens with different number of SP deep beams was carried out, and the test lasted until the displacement drift reached 2%. In the second stage, thin SPs were welded to both sides of the five specimens tested in the first stage, and the same test was carried out on the repaired specimens (designated as new specimens). The load-bearing capacity, stiffness, ductility, hysteretic behavior and failure characteristics were analyzed for both stages and the results are discussed herein. Extrapolating from these results, strength calculation models and formulas are proposed herein and simulations using ABAQUS carried out, they show good agreement with the test results. The study demonstrates that SRC columns, SP deep beams, concrete wall and energy dissipation strips cooperate well and play an important role in energy dissipation. In addition, this study shows that the shear wall has good recoverability after an earthquake, and that the welding of thin SP's to repair a deformed wall is a practicable technique.
基金Project (No. 50578099) supported by the National Natural ScienceFoundation of China
文摘This paper presents some methods that the standard acceleration design response spectra derived from the present China code for seismic design of buildings are transformed into the seismic demand spectra, and that the base shear force-roof displacement curve of structure is converted to the capacity spectrum of an equivalent single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) system. The capacity spectrum method (CSM) is programmed by means of MATLABT.0 computer language. A dual lateral force resisting system of 10-story steel frame-steel plate shear walls (SPSW) is designed according to the corresponding China design codes. The base shear force-roof displacement curve of structure subjected to the monotonic increasing lateral inverse triangular load is obtained by applying the equivalent strip model to stimulate SPSW and by using the finite element analysis software SAP2000 to make Pushover analysis. The seismic performance of this dual system subjected to three different conditions, i.e. the 8-intensity frequently occurred earthquake, fortification earthquake and seldom occurred earthquake, is evaluated by CSM program. The excessive safety of steel frame-SPSW system designed according to the present China design codes is pointed out and a new design method is suggested.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.51148009National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.50978005Project High-level Personnel in Beijing under Grant No.PHR20100502
文摘A composite shear wall concept based on concrete filled steel tube (CFST) columns and steel plate (SP) deep beams is proposed and examined in this study. The new wall is composed of three different energy dissipation elements: CFST columns; SP deep beams; and reinforced concrete (RC) strips. The RC strips are intended to allow the core structural elements - the CFST columns and SP deep beams - to work as a single structure to consume energy. Six specimens of different configurations were tested under cyclic loading. The resulting data are analyzed herein. In addition, numerical simulations of the stress and damage processes for each specimen were carried out, and simulations were completed for a range of location and span-height ratio variations for the SP beams. The simulations show good agreement with the test results. The core structure exhibits a ductile yielding mechanism characteristic of strong column-weak beam structures, hysteretic curves are plump and the composite shear wall exhibits several seismic defense lines. The deformation of the shear wall specimens with encased CFST column and SP deep beam design appears to be closer to that of entire shear walls. Establishing optimal design parameters for the configuration of SP deep beams is pivotal to the best seismic behavior of the wall. The new composite shear wall is therefore suitable for use in the seismic design of building structures.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51268054 and No.51468061)the Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin(No.13JCQNJC07300)Foundation of Xinjiang University(No.XY110137)
文摘Nonlinear finite element analysis and parametric studies were carried out to study the influence of axial load ratio on the shear behavior of the through-diaphragm connections of concrete-filled square steel tubular columns. The analysis reveals that smaller axial load ratio can improve the shear bearing capacity and ductility while larger axial load ratio will decrease the shear behavior of the through-diaphragm connections. The parametric studies indicate that the axial load ratio should be limited to less than 0.4 and its influence should be considered in the analysis and design of such connections.
文摘In spite of the good performance of the steel plate shear wall(SPSW)in recent earthquakes and experimental studies,the need for huge columns to surround the infill plate is a major shortcoming of the system.This shortcoming can be resolved by using semi-supported SPSW.The semi-supported SPSW has secondary columns that prevent the transfer of stress from the infill plate to the main columns.In spite of extensive experimental and numerical investigations on SPSWs,there are many ambiguities regarding the behavior of the semi-supported SPSW.Although stress in the columns is reduced,incomplete diagonal tension field action is formed in the infill plate that creates new problems.In this paper,a new type of semi-supported SPSW is presented in which the steel plate and the secondary columns are angled.The creation of the angle of the plate and the secondary column makes it possible to use the full capacity of the steel plate as well as the capacity of the secondary columns.Numerical results showed that the wall with a 60°angle has a favorable performance relative to the semi-supported wall.Moreover,with the 60°angle,stiffness,strength and energy absorption is increased.The angle of the secondary columns has little effect on the non-elastic stiffness.Nevertheless,using a wall with an angle of more than 90°can neutralize the wall’s behavior relative to conventional walls.Therefore,the wall with a 60°angle as an optimal angle is recommended.
文摘This paper presents a new type of two sides slotted steel plate shear wall, and carries on the analysis to the finite element elastic buckling, respectively discusses the critical buckling load and the buckling mode. For the steel plate shear wall without stiffening ribs on both sides, the paper given the buckling coefficient formula, and give design proposal and reference value of steel plate shear wall with stiffened on both sides.
基金the New Century Excellent Talents in University Under Grant No.290Heilongjiang Key Program on Science and Technology Under Grant No. GC04A609arbin Key Program on Science and Technology Under Grant No. 2004AA9CS187.
文摘Tests of nine angle-steel concrete column (ASCC) specimens under low cyclic loading are described in a companion paper (Zheng and Ji, 2008). In this paper, the skeleton curves from the numerical simulation are presented, and show good agreement with the test results. Furthermore, parametric studies are conducted to explore the influence of factors such as the axial compression ratio, shear steel plate ratio, steel ratio, prismatic concrete compression strength, yield strength of angle steel and shear span ratio, etc., on the monotonic load-displacement curves of the ASCCs. Based on a statistical analysis of the calculated results, hysteretic models for load-displacement and moment-curvature are proposed, which agree well with the test results. Finally, some suggestions concerning the conformation of ASCCs are proposed, which could be useful in engineering practice.
文摘Purpose of present work is to develop a reliable and simple method for structural analysis of RC Shear Walls. The shear wall is simulated by a truss model as the bar of a truss is the simplest finite element. An iterative method is used. Initially, there are only concrete bars. Repeated structural analyses are performed. After each structural analysis, every concrete bar exceeding tensile strength is replaced by a steel bar. For every concrete bar exceeding compressive strength, first its section area is increased. If this is not enough, a steel bar is placed at the side of it. For every steel bar exceeding tensile or compressive strength, its section area is increased. After the end of every structural analysis, if all concrete and steel bars fall within tensile and compressive strengths, the output data are written and the analysis is terminated. Otherwise, the structural analysis is repeated. As all the necessary conditions (static, elastic, linearized geometric) are satisfied and the stresses of ALL concrete and steel bars fall within the tensile and compressive strengths, the results are acceptable. Usually, the proposed method exhibits a fast convergence in 4 - 5 repeats of structural analysis of the RC Shear Wall.
基金support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51878315,51908416).Any opinions,findings,and conclusions or recommendations provided in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the sponsors.
文摘This study proposes a new auxetic-shaped steel plate shear walls(simply referred to as ASSPSWs)consisting of boundary members and built-in perforated infill plates.The connection type between the boundary members is a hinge joint.The hole forms on the infill plates include orthogonal ellipse-shaped(ASSPSW-OE)and orthogonal peanutshaped(ASSPSW-OP).This paper studied the hysteretic performance of two steel plate shear walls’types based on the finite element analysis method.Within the study context,a parametric analysis was carried out to investigate the influence of various factors,such as hole size and hole distance,on the seismic performance of steel plate shear walls(SPSWs).The results indicated that reducing the the ratio of the ligament thickness to ellipse major axis(t/D)in orthogonal ellipse-shaped SPSWs can effectively increase the porosity while reducing the bearing and energy dissipation capacities.Under the condition with the t/D unchanged,increasing the ratio of the major to minor axis of the ellipse(d/D)raises the porosity and does not significantly reduce the bearing capacity and energy dissipation capacity of the SPSWs.For orthogonal peanut-shaped SPSWs,the holes’geometrical parameters significantly influence the hysteretic performance.Particularly,with the increase in the radial ratio of large to small circles in a peanut-shaped hole(R/r),the spacing between cells decreases.When drift exceeds 2%,the equivalent viscous damping ratio decreases sharply.Unlike the orthogonal ellipse-shaped SPSWs,changing the arrangement angle of peanut-shaped cells has no significant effect on orthogonal peanut-shaped SPSWs.However,the larger the angle,the greater the out-of-plane buckling of orthogonal ellipse-shaped SPSWs;thus,the energy dissipation capacity is reduced.The similarities lie in that the larger cell arrangement angle will make the steel plates have a complete stress field,and the bearing capacity will be slightly improved.When the cell arrangement angle(θ)is 45°,the SPSWs can develop high initial stiffness.