Behavior of High Strength Concrete Filled Square Steel Tube Stub Columns with Inner CFRP Tube Under Biaxial Eccentric Compression

This paper studies the contribution of CFRP(carbon fiber-reinforced polymer)to the mechanical behavior of high strength concrete-filled square steel tube(HCFST)under biaxial eccentric compression.The new type of composite member is composed of an inner CFRP tube and an outer steel tube with concrete filled in the two tubes.The finite element analysis was made by ABAQUS on the behavior of high strength concrete filled square steel tubular columns with inner CFRP circular tube subjected to bi-axial eccentric loading.The results obtained from the finite element analysis were verified with the experimental results.In addition,the load-deflection curves in the whole process were calculated and analyzed,which can be divided into three segments:Elastic phase,plastic phase,descending phase.Based on the load-deflection curves,the stresses analysis on the core concrete,CFRP tube and steel tube were conducted.The confinement effect of the CFRP tube improves the ductility of HCFST-CFRP stub column.CFRP ratio and eccentricity affect the ultimate bearing capacity of HCFST stub column.Finally,a calculation formula of ultimate bearing capacity was proposed in the paper.

Damage assessment for seismic response of recycled concrete filled steel tube columns

A model for evaluating structural damage of recycled aggregate concrete filled steel tube （RCFST） columns under seismic effects is proposed in this paper. The proposed model takes the lateral deformation and the effect of repeated cyclic loading into account. Available test results were collected and utilized to calibrate the parameters of the proposed model. A seismic test for six RCFST columns was also performed to validate the proposed damage assessment model. The main test parameters were the recycled coarse aggregate （RCA） replacement percentage and the bond-slip property. The test results indicated that the seismic performance of the RCFST member depends on the RCA contents and their damage index increases as the RCA replacement percentage increases. It is also indicated that the damage degree of RCFST changes with the variation of the RCA replacement percentage. Finally, comparisons between the RCA contents, lateral deformation ratio and damage degree were implemented. It is suggested that an improvement procedure should be implemented in order to compensate for the performance difference between the RCFST and normal concrete filled steel tubes （CFST）.

Seismic performance of recycled concrete-filled square steel tube columns

An experimental study on the seismic performance of recycled concrete-filled square steel tube （RCFST） columns is carried out. Six specimens were designed and tested under constant axial compression and cyclic lateral loading. Two parameters, replacement percentage of recycled coarse aggregate （RCA） and axial compression level, were considered in the test. Based on the experimental data, the hysteretic loops, skeleton curves, ductility, energy dissipation capacity and stiffness degradation of RCFST columns were analyzed. The test results indicate that the failure modes of RCFST columns are the local buckling of the steel tube at the bottom of the columns, and the hysteretic loops are full and their shapes are similar to normal CFST columns. Furthermore, the ductility coefficient of all specimens are close to 3.0, and the equivalent viscous damping coefficient corresponding to the ultimate lateral load ranges from 0.323 to 0.360, which demonstrates that RCFST columns exhibit remarkable seismic performance.

Bearing capacity of composite columns reinforced by concrete filled steel tube

In this study, nine simplified short composite columns consisting of core CFST (concrete filled steel tube) of different diameters and outer reinforced concrete were constructed to study their compressive performance under axial or eccentric compression. The failure mode is characterized by the crush of the outer concrete. The bearing capacity increases at first and then decreases with further increase of the position coefficient. It can be concluded that position coefficient is an important structural parameter that has considerable influences on the ultimate bearing capacity of the composite columns. The outer concrete, steel tubes and longitudinal reinforcement are found to work in a cooperative manner under axial or eccentric compression when the position coefficient is about 0.5. An improved bearing capacity algorithm that takes the position coefficient into account has been proposed based on the experimental and simulation results and current technical specification in China. It has been proven to be precise and safe.

Three-dimensional nonlinear analysis of creep in concrete filled steel tube columns

This paper proposes a based on 3D-VLE （three-dimensional nonlinear viscoelastic theory） three-parameters viscoelastic model for studying the time-dependent behaviour of concrete filled steel tube （CFT） columns. The method of 3D-VLE was developed to analyze the effects of concrete creep behavior on CFT structures. After the evaluation of the parameters in the proposed creep model, experimental measurements of two prestressed reinforced concrete beams were used to investigate the creep phenomenon of three CFT columns under long-term axial and eccentric load was investigated. The experimentally obtained time-dependent creep behaviour accorded well with the cu~＇es obtained from the proposed method. Many factors （such as ratio of long-term load to strength, slenderness ratio, steel ratio, and eccentricity ratio） were considered to obtain the regularity of influence of concrete creep on CFT structures. The analytical results can be consulted in the engineering practice and design.

Performance Investigation of Square Concrete-filled Steel Tube Columns

The behaviour of square concrete-filled steel tube columns under concentrical loading was studied. More than one hundred specimens were tested to investigate the effects of thickness of steel tube on the load carrying capacity of the concrete-filled tubular columns （CFTs）. The effect of the grade of concrete and content of expansive agent were also investigated. The effect of these parameters on the confinement of the concrete core was studied as well. From the experimental study it was found that for both CFTs with different strength grade concrete core, the ultimate load carrying capacity increases with the increase in percentage of expansive agent up to 20% but it again decreases at 25% of expansive agent content. It was also shown that the failure mode of CFTs depends on the strength grade of concrete core.

Axial Bearing Capacity of Short FRP Confined Concrete-filled Steel Tubular Columns

The bearing capacity of FRP confined concrete-filled steel tubular （FRP-CFST） columns under axial compression was investigated. This new type of composite column is a concrete-filled steel tube （CFST） confined with fiber-reinforced polymer （FRP） wraps. Totally 11 short column specimens were tested to failure under axial compression. The influences of the type and quantity of FRP, the thickness of steel tube and the concrete strength were studied. It was found that the bearing capacity of short FRP-CFST column was much higher than that of comparable CFST column. Furthermore, the formulas for calculating the bearing capacity of the FRP-CFST columns are proposed. The analytical calculated results agree well with the experimental results.

Quantifying Creep of Concrete Filled Steel Tubes

Using age adjusted effective modulus(AAEM)method,creep of concrete filled steel tube(CFST)member was formulated considering of creep coefficient and aging coefficient.Ten CFST specimens were tested including eight for creep and two for shrinkage.The experimental result was compared with the computed result using AAEM in which the creep coefficient was taken from calibration of ACI model based on experimental result on sealed concrete,and aging coefficient was supplied from relaxation test on sealed concrete specimen.Furthermore,the creep of CFST member was analyzed using author's own subroutine to input concrete properties through user programmable feature(UPF)in ANSYS software.Comparison was made on authors' own experimental database,some existing experimental results,and results from AAEM and numerical analysis.Finally,the conditions of applicability of AAEM method are put forward,and numerical approach to compute creep of CFST specimen is delineated.

Concrete-Filled Steel Tube Arch Bridges in China

In the past 20 years, great progress has been achieved in China in the construction of concrete-filled steel tube （CFST） arch bridges and concrete arch bridges with a CFST skeleton. The span of these bridges has been increasing rapidly, which is rare in the history of bridge development. The large-scale construction of expressways and high-speed railways demands the development of long-span arch bridges, and advances in design and construction techniques have made it possible to construct such bridges. In the present study, the current status, development, and major innovative technologies of CFST arch bridges and concrete arch bridges with a CFST skeleton in China are elaborated. This paper covers the key con- struction technologies of CFST arch bridges, such as the design, manufacture, and installation of steel tube arch trusses, the preparation and pouring of in-tube concrete, and the construction of the world＇s longest CFST arch bridge-the First Hejiang Yangtze River Bridge. The main construction technologies of rein- forced concrete arch bridges are also presented, which include cable-stayed fastening-hanging cantilever assembly, adjusting the load by means of stay cables, surrounding the concrete for arch rib pouring, and so forth. In addition, the construction of two CFST skeleton concrete arch bridges-the Guangxi Yongning Yong River Bridge and the Yunnan-Guangxi Railway Nanpan River Bridge--is discussed. CFST arch bridges in China have already gained a world-leading position; with the continuous innovation of key technologies, China will become the new leader in promoting the development of arch bridges.

Application of Large-diameter and Long-span Micro-expansive Pumping Concrete Filled Steel Tube Arch Bridge

In this article the high strength micro-expansive concrete that has been applied on big-diameter and long-span steel arch bridge is researched. The applications show that the concrete has some merits, such as good fluidity, low bleeding ratio and no segregation, low slump loss, high early strength and high later strength, micro-expansion etc.

Prediction of Axial Capacity of Concrete-Filled Square Steel Tubes Using Neural Networks

The application of artificial neural network to predict the ultimate bearing capacity of CFST （ concrete-filled square steel tubes） short columns under axial loading is explored. Input parameters consiste of concrete compressive strength, yield strength of steel tube, confinement index, sectional dimension and width-to-thickness ratio. The ultimate bearing capacity is the only output parameter. A multilayer feedforward neural network is used to describe the nonlinear relationships between the input and output variables. Fifty-five experimental data of CFST short columns under axial loading are used to train and test the neural network. A comparison between the neural network model and three parameter models shows that the neural network model possesses good accuracy and could be a practical method for predicting the ultimate strength of axially loaded CFST short columns.

基于机器学习的CFST柱高温剩余强度系数预测方法

目的 为提高计算精度和速度,利用机器学习模型泛化数据,以预测CFST柱的高温剩余强度系数。方法 利用生成对抗网络将搜集到的110个试验结果泛化生成407组数据,据此训练机器学习模型,并使用试验结果评估其性能,以确定最优模型;然后使用生成数据输入建立的模型预测CFST柱高温剩余强度系数,并和现有计算方法进行对比。结果 建立的随机森林模型在性能度量上表现最好,拟合优度达到0.947 7,均方误差为0.001 8,精度为94.7%;预测结果误差在±10%内的数据为83%,在±20%内的数据为100%;剩余强度系数主要影响因素依次为温度、钢材屈服强度、混凝土抗压强度和横截面积,钢管厚度影响很小。结论 提出的预测方法优于现有计算方法,具有更快的计算速度、更小的结果误差以及更强的模型可解释性,该方法可为CFST柱抗火设计提供参考。

基于互信息和MiniRocket网络的CFST脱空识别

为提高钢管混凝土(concrete filled steel tube,CFST)脱空检测的效率和精度,本文提出了一种基于快速傅里叶变换(fast fourier transform,FFT)、互信息(mutual information,MI)和MiniRocket神经网络的智能识别方法。首先,采用FFT将待测CFST敲击声波时域信号转换为频域信号;其次,采用MI建立频域信号与脱空状态的相关性,提取相关性最大的前30个特征建立数据集,避免了复杂的数学运算和冗余信息;建立MiniRocket深度学习网络,通过使用更少的参数量和更小的特征尺寸,提高分类的速度和精度。最后,考察了模型的噪音鲁棒性,并与其他算法、特征提取方法和识别方法进行对比。结果表明,在不同脱空深度和脱空宽度下,所提的方法在100次重复试验中获得了100%的平均预测精度。在高信噪比下,该方法受影响较小。此外,与其他算法、特征提取方法和识别方法相比,本方法具有更好的预测性能。因此,所提出的方法在未来实际CFST结构的智能脱空识别中具有较大的应用潜力。

Analysis and seismic tests of composite shear walls with CFST columns and steel plate deep beams

A composite shear wall concept based on concrete filled steel tube （CFST） columns and steel plate （SP） deep beams is proposed and examined in this study. The new wall is composed of three different energy dissipation elements： CFST columns; SP deep beams; and reinforced concrete （RC） strips. The RC strips are intended to allow the core structural elements - the CFST columns and SP deep beams - to work as a single structure to consume energy. Six specimens of different configurations were tested under cyclic loading. The resulting data are analyzed herein. In addition, numerical simulations of the stress and damage processes for each specimen were carried out, and simulations were completed for a range of location and span-height ratio variations for the SP beams. The simulations show good agreement with the test results. The core structure exhibits a ductile yielding mechanism characteristic of strong column-weak beam structures, hysteretic curves are plump and the composite shear wall exhibits several seismic defense lines. The deformation of the shear wall specimens with encased CFST column and SP deep beam design appears to be closer to that of entire shear walls. Establishing optimal design parameters for the configuration of SP deep beams is pivotal to the best seismic behavior of the wall. The new composite shear wall is therefore suitable for use in the seismic design of building structures.

节段料石拼接构造对SCFST柱抗震性能影响有限元分析

为研究节段料石拼接构造对内填料石钢管混凝土(SCFST)柱抗震性能的影响,通过ABAQUS软件建立SCFST柱的数值模型。以轴压比、钢管厚度、料石尺寸、节段料石构造为变化参数,对12个试件进行低周反复荷载作用下的数值模拟。结果表明:内填料石可显著提高试件的初始刚度、承载力及耗能能力,但会导致试件延性系数降低;混凝土强度、轴压比对试件的初始刚度、峰值承载力及耗能能力影响不明显,但对延性系数影响较大;随着料石尺寸的增大,初始刚度基本不变,峰值承载力最多降低17.8%,试件延性系数略微降低,耗能能力显著提高;料石节段布置与料石整体布置试件的初始刚度、峰值承载力基本相当,但延性系数最多降低32.7%,且料石节段间填充混凝土拼接时可显著提高试件承载力。

Research on stress concentration at tubular joints in concrete filled steel tubular truss arch bridge

In this paper stresses at joints forming by hollow steel tube and concrete filled steel tube （CFST） are calculated, analyzed and compared. It is founded that the stress concentration at joints of CFST is a quite different from that of hollow steel tube. A conclusion can be made that analysis of fatigue at the joints of CFST truss arch bridge can not apply the results developed from analyzing at joints of hollow steel tube in marine structure.

考虑上部质量的双柱CFST桥墩抗车辆撞击力学性能研究

钢管混凝土(CFST)构件可充分发挥钢管与核心混凝土优点,在桥梁墩柱中已得到应用,抗撞设计是其在墩柱中推广应用的关键问题。因此,该文基于LS-DYNA有限元软件建立了56个车辆撞击双柱CFST桥墩分析模型并进行抗撞机理与参数分析。基于前期落锤撞击结果与实车撞击试验验证了模型可靠性;对典型工况下撞击力和桥墩塑性应变发展、内力分布和能量转换进行研究并重点分析了含钢率、轴压比、货物刚度、车辆质量和速度对CFST桥墩撞击力和侧向位移分布的影响规律;采用等效静力法计算得到25 ms等效车辆撞击力(ESF25)并对AASHTO规程建议值进行评估,提出车撞CFST桥墩撞击力预测公式。结果表明:车辆撞击下CFST桥墩钢管与核心混凝土协同工作,钢管是主要耗能部件;由于上部结构和桥墩惯性作用,不同撞击时刻桥墩内力分布具有显著差异;车辆质量与速度对撞击力发展影响显著,含钢率与轴压比影响较小,货物弹性模量在2000 MPa内变化时影响较大;建议的撞击力公式可较好预测考虑上部质量影响的CFST桥墩撞击力。

A New Method for Predicting the UL of Circular CFST Columns

Concrete filled steel tube structures have gained booming development in recent decades, especially in China. Simplified methods have been proposed in design codes, such as the Eurocode 4 (EC4) and the China engineering and construction specification (CECS). In EC4, the confinement effect is reasonably related to slenderness and load eccentricity. The CECS method is much straight forward in that the slenderness ratio and load eccentricity are treated as independent reduction factors. To make use of the advantages of both the CECS and the EC4 methods, the CECS method is modified to consider the confinement effect associated with slenderness and load eccentricity. It is shown that the proposed method can predict well the ultimate load capacity of circular section concrete filled steel tube columns.

反复荷载下圆钢管型钢再生混凝土组合柱恢复力模型研究

为建立圆钢管型钢再生混凝土组合柱的恢复力模型,对11根圆钢管型钢再生混凝土组合柱试件进行了低周反复荷载试验研究,考虑了再生骨料取代率、配钢率及钢管径厚比等不同设计参数的影响,分析了组合柱的地震破坏形态及滞回性能。基于组合柱的力学特征及曲线形状,提出了圆钢管型钢再生混凝土组合柱骨架曲线的三折线参数模型,采用理论推导与数据拟合的方法确定了组合柱骨架曲线的模型参数。在此基础上,给出了组合柱的滞回规则和卸载规律,构建了组合柱的恢复力模型,计算滞回曲线与试验滞回曲线吻合良好,表明该恢复力模型较好地反映了反复荷载下组合柱的受力特征点及滞回性能,可为此类组合柱的推广提供技术参考。

圆钢管型钢再生混凝土组合柱滞回性能非线性有限元分析

基于圆钢管型钢再生混凝土组合柱低周反复荷载试验研究,采用OpenSees软件对该组合柱进行了滞回性能数值分析,获取了组合柱的滞回曲线及抗震性能指标,并与试验结果进行了比较,验证了组合柱数值模型的合理性。在此基础上,对组合柱的滞回性能开展了参数影响分析。结果表明:再生骨料取代率从0增大到100%,组合柱的峰值荷载下降了7.78%,延性略有降低;提高再生混凝土强度、型钢强度及圆钢管强度,对于提升组合柱的承载力及刚度是有利的,但却使组合柱的脆性增大;随着轴压比的增大,组合柱的承载力呈现先上升后下降的趋势,而延性逐渐变差;型钢配钢率从5.54%增至9.99%,组合柱的峰值荷载提高了24.34%,但对于改善组合柱的延性不明显;增大钢管壁厚对组合柱的承载力和延性均是有利的。