This study presents a numerical multi-scale simulation framework which is extended to accommodate hybrid simulation （numerical-experimental integration）. The framework is enhanced with a standardized data exchange f...This study presents a numerical multi-scale simulation framework which is extended to accommodate hybrid simulation （numerical-experimental integration）. The framework is enhanced with a standardized data exchange format and connected to a generalized controller interface program which facilitates communication with various types of laboratory equipment and testing configurations. A small-scale experimental program was conducted using a six degree-of-freedom hydraulic testing equipment to verify the proposed framework and provide additional data for small-scale testing of shear- critical reinforced concrete structures. The specimens were tested in a multi-axial hybrid simulation manner under a reversed cyclic loading condition simulating earthquake forces. The physical models were 1/3.23-scale representations of a beam and two columns. A mixed-type modelling technique was employed to analyze the remainder of the structures. The hybrid simulation results were compared against those obtained from a large-scale test and finite element analyses. The study found that if precautions are taken in preparing model materials and if the shear-related mechanisms are accurately considered in the numerical model, small-scale hybrid simulations can adequately simulate the behaviour of shear-critical structures. Although the findings of the study are promising, to draw general conclusions additional test data are required.展开更多
This review of the added value of multi-scale modeling of concrete is based on three representative examples.The first one is concerned with the analysis of experimental data,taken from four high-dynamic tests.The str...This review of the added value of multi-scale modeling of concrete is based on three representative examples.The first one is concerned with the analysis of experimental data,taken from four high-dynamic tests.The structural nature of the high-dynamic strength increase can be explained by using a multi-scale model.It accounts for the microstructure of the specimens.The second example refers to multi-scale thermoelastic analysis of concrete pavements,subjected to solar heating.A sensitivity analysis with respect to the internal relative humidity(RH)of concrete has underlined the great importance of the RH for an assessment of the risk of microcracking of concrete.The third example deals with multi-scale structural analysis of a real-scale test of a segmental tunnel ring.It has turned out that multi-scale modeling of concrete enables more reliable predictions of crack opening displacements in tunnel segments than macroscopic models taken from codes of practice.Overall,it is concluded that multi-scale models have indeed a significant added value.However,its degree varies with these examples.In any case,it can be assessed by means of a comparison of the results from three sources,namely,multi-scale structural analysis,conventional structural analysis,and experiments.展开更多
文摘This study presents a numerical multi-scale simulation framework which is extended to accommodate hybrid simulation （numerical-experimental integration）. The framework is enhanced with a standardized data exchange format and connected to a generalized controller interface program which facilitates communication with various types of laboratory equipment and testing configurations. A small-scale experimental program was conducted using a six degree-of-freedom hydraulic testing equipment to verify the proposed framework and provide additional data for small-scale testing of shear- critical reinforced concrete structures. The specimens were tested in a multi-axial hybrid simulation manner under a reversed cyclic loading condition simulating earthquake forces. The physical models were 1/3.23-scale representations of a beam and two columns. A mixed-type modelling technique was employed to analyze the remainder of the structures. The hybrid simulation results were compared against those obtained from a large-scale test and finite element analyses. The study found that if precautions are taken in preparing model materials and if the shear-related mechanisms are accurately considered in the numerical model, small-scale hybrid simulations can adequately simulate the behaviour of shear-critical structures. Although the findings of the study are promising, to draw general conclusions additional test data are required.
基金Financial support by the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(No.2021YFE0114100)by the Federal Ministry of Education,Science and Research(BMBWF)of Austria(No.CN 11/2021)+2 种基金jointly provided for the project“Intense Upgrades of the New Austrian Tunnelling Method(NATM)Demonstration of its Applicability to High-Quality Urban Development”,is gratefully acknowledged.In addition,the authors are indebted to the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51908424,U1934210)the Shanghai Pujiang Program(Nos.19PJ1409700,20PJ1406100)for financial support of this work.
文摘This review of the added value of multi-scale modeling of concrete is based on three representative examples.The first one is concerned with the analysis of experimental data,taken from four high-dynamic tests.The structural nature of the high-dynamic strength increase can be explained by using a multi-scale model.It accounts for the microstructure of the specimens.The second example refers to multi-scale thermoelastic analysis of concrete pavements,subjected to solar heating.A sensitivity analysis with respect to the internal relative humidity(RH)of concrete has underlined the great importance of the RH for an assessment of the risk of microcracking of concrete.The third example deals with multi-scale structural analysis of a real-scale test of a segmental tunnel ring.It has turned out that multi-scale modeling of concrete enables more reliable predictions of crack opening displacements in tunnel segments than macroscopic models taken from codes of practice.Overall,it is concluded that multi-scale models have indeed a significant added value.However,its degree varies with these examples.In any case,it can be assessed by means of a comparison of the results from three sources,namely,multi-scale structural analysis,conventional structural analysis,and experiments.
