Concrete-Filled Steel Tube Arch Bridges in China

In the past 20 years, great progress has been achieved in China in the construction of concrete-filled steel tube （CFST） arch bridges and concrete arch bridges with a CFST skeleton. The span of these bridges has been increasing rapidly, which is rare in the history of bridge development. The large-scale construction of expressways and high-speed railways demands the development of long-span arch bridges, and advances in design and construction techniques have made it possible to construct such bridges. In the present study, the current status, development, and major innovative technologies of CFST arch bridges and concrete arch bridges with a CFST skeleton in China are elaborated. This paper covers the key con- struction technologies of CFST arch bridges, such as the design, manufacture, and installation of steel tube arch trusses, the preparation and pouring of in-tube concrete, and the construction of the world＇s longest CFST arch bridge-the First Hejiang Yangtze River Bridge. The main construction technologies of rein- forced concrete arch bridges are also presented, which include cable-stayed fastening-hanging cantilever assembly, adjusting the load by means of stay cables, surrounding the concrete for arch rib pouring, and so forth. In addition, the construction of two CFST skeleton concrete arch bridges-the Guangxi Yongning Yong River Bridge and the Yunnan-Guangxi Railway Nanpan River Bridge--is discussed. CFST arch bridges in China have already gained a world-leading position; with the continuous innovation of key technologies, China will become the new leader in promoting the development of arch bridges.

Approach for analyzing the ultimate strength of concrete filled steel tubular arch bridges with stiffening girder

A convenient approach is proposed for analyzing the ultimate load carrying capacity of concrete filled steel tubular (CFST) arch bridge with stiffening girders. A fiber model beam element is specially used to simulate the stiffening girder and CFST arch rib. The geometric nonlinearity, material nonlinearity, influence of the construction process and the contribution of prestressing reinforcement are all taken into consideration. The accuracy of this method is validated by comparing its results with experimental results. Finally, the ultimate strength of an abnormal CFST arch bridge with stiffening girders is investigated and the effect of construction method is discussed. It is concluded that the construction process has little effect on the ultimate strength of the bridge.

In-Plane Creep Buckling of Concrete-Filled Steel Tubular Arches

The creep-induced deformation of the arch rib of concrete-filled steel tubular （CFST） arches under a sustained load can increase the bending moment, which may lead to earlier stability failure called creep buckling. To investigate the influences of concrete creep on the buckling strength of arches, a theoretical analysis for the creep buckling of CFST circular arches under distributed radial load is performed. The simplified Arutyunyan-Maslov （AM） creep law is used to model the creep behavior of concrete core, and the creep integral operator is introduced. The analytical solutions of the time-dependent buckling strength under the sustained load are achieved and compared with the existing formula based on the age-adjusted effective modulus method （AEMM）. Then the solutions are used to determine the influences of the steel ratio and the first loading age on the creep buckling of CFST arches. The results show that the analytical solutions are of good accuracy and applicability. For CFST arches, the steel ratio and the first loading age have significant influences on creep buckling. An approximate log-linear relationship between the decreased degrees of the creep buckling strength and the first loading age is found. For the commonly used parameters, the maximum loss of the buckling strength induced bv concrete creen is close to 40%

Simplified Algorithm for Out-of-Plane Critical Loads of CFST Solid-Rib Arch

The simplified algorithm for out-of-plane ultimate loadcarrying capacity of concrete-filled steel tubular( CFST) solid-rib arches under uniform vertical load was studied. The experimentally validated finite element model was developed. The out-of-plane equivalent length coefficients of solid-rib arches were obtained using out-of-plane elastic eigenvalue buckling analysis. Then the out-ofplane elastic stability coefficient was plotted against the normalized slenderness ratio,and the out-of-plane eigenvalue buckling load or elastic buckling capability of arches was calculated. Lastly effects of different parameters on the out-of-plane ultimate load-carrying capacity of CFST solid-rib arches were determined using geometric and material nonlinear finite element analysis, and a simplified algorithm was established by fitting the out-of-plane elastic-plastic stability coefficient and normalized slenderness ratio using PerryRobertson formula. Ratio of the elastic stability coefficient to the elastic-plastic counterpart was plotted against the out-of-plane normalized slenderness ratio,from which the out-of-plane elasticplastic ultimate load-carrying capacity was determined according to the corresponding elastic buckling load. Results show that the proposed simplified algorithm can accurately predict the out-of-plane eigenvalue buckling load and the elastic-plastic ultimate loadcarrying capacity of the CFST solid-rib arches.

大跨CFST拱桥拱轴线形的综合评分法

为探究500m级钢管混凝土拱桥拱轴线形的合理程度,从钢管混凝土拱桥成桥状态的强度、刚度、稳定性和拱轴线形优化方法的操作复杂性角度,对各最优拱轴线形进行拱轴线形评判指标计算对比,提出一种可用于定量评判钢管混凝土拱桥拱轴线形的优化程度的方法——钢管混凝土拱桥拱轴线形优化综合评分法(CFST-ARO综合评分法)。文中以波司登大桥为工程实例,对经优化后的抛物线、悬链线及三次样条曲线拱轴线形采用综合评分法进行定量评定。结果表明选用3次样条插值函数优化的拱轴线形内力状态优化效果显著,沿跨径方向应力幅度比其他曲线小且均匀,刚度和稳定性都有所提高;以期为同类型拱桥拱轴线形优化评价提供科学参考。

Recent Construction Technology Innovations and Practices for Large-Span Arch Bridges in China

Arch bridges provide significant technical and economic benefits under suitable conditions.In particular,concrete-filled steel tubular(CFST)arch bridges and steel-reinforced concrete(SRC)arch bridges are two types of arch bridges that have gained great economic competitiveness and span growth potential due to advancements in construction technology,engineering materials,and construction equipment over the past 30 years.Under the leadership of the author,two record-breaking arch bridges—that is,the Pingnan Third Bridge(a CFST arch bridge),with a span of 560 m,and the Tian’e Longtan Bridge(an SRC arch bridge),with a span of 600 m—have been built in the past five years,embodying great technological breakthroughs in the construction of these two types of arch bridges.This paper takes these two arch bridges as examples to systematically summarize the latest technological innovations and practices in the construction of CFST arch bridges and SRC arch bridges in China.The technological innovations of CFST arch bridges include cable-stayed fastening-hanging cantilevered assembly methods,new in-tube concrete materials,in-tube concrete pouring techniques,a novel thrust abutment foundation for nonrocky terrain,and measures to reduce the quantity of temporary facilities.The technological innovations of SRC arch bridges involve arch skeleton stiffness selection,the development of encasing concrete materials,encasing concrete pouring,arch rib stress mitigation,and longitudinal reinforcement optimization.To conclude,future research focuses and development directions for these two types of arch bridges are proposed.

不均匀温度场下钢管混凝土拱桥管内混凝土脱空分析

为了解不均匀温度场作用下钢管混凝土拱桥管内混凝土脱空原因,依托高原山区某跨径430 m的钢管混凝土拱桥,进行强辐射、大温差联合作用下拱肋拱顶节段足尺模型试验,分析模型温度场分布,并对该不均匀温度场作用下管内混凝土脱空机理进行研究。结果表明:钢管混凝土拱桥水化阶段和运营阶段径向温度场可简化为多段式折线变化规律。14:00时刻,水化阶段温度沿竖直径向(从向阳侧至背阳侧)先减小后升高再减小,在距向阳侧界面D/8~3D/8处(D为钢管内径)存在一个大温差面,运营阶段温度沿竖直径向(从向阳侧至背阳侧)呈先减小后不变再增加的非对称分布规律,从钢管混凝土界面至距其D/8处温度变化大。混凝土水化阶段和运营阶段管内混凝土脱空机理为:在温度场作用下钢管混凝土界面最大纵向应力差分别高达82.6 MPa和61.95 MPa,最大界面径向拉应力分别为0.8 MPa和2.06 MPa,均超过钢管和混凝土间的粘结强度。

基于零位移与无应力状态控制的斜拉扣挂施工扣索力确定方法

大跨度拱桥常采用斜拉扣挂法开展拱肋施工,但在节段拼装过程中扣索索力和拱肋空间位形之间互相影响,索力优化计算以及扣索状态控制问题复杂。提出改进零位移法结合无应力状态控制法的复合扣索力计算方法:基于改进型零位移法快速得到满足成拱线形要求的扣索力大小,基于成拱索力采用无应力状态法反推各施工阶段扣索索力。该复合方法可避免传统零位移法扣索力不准和反复迭代计算的缺陷,施工中扣索可实现一次张拉,后续节段拼装中无需对扣索进行索力调整。以某跨径430 m大跨度钢管混凝土拱桥缆扣合一施工为工程应用背景,采用的零位移法结合无应力状态法对大跨度非对称式钢结构拱肋进行斜拉扣挂拼装的扣索力求解和施工模拟。分析拼装过程中扣索力变化规律,并对比验证实际线形与目标线形偏差,以及拱肋应力与设计应力之间偏差程度。结果表明,所提出的复合算法理论简单且索力求解计算便捷。所求的扣索力可有效保证拱肋拼装完成及松索后拱肋线形和受力均满足要求。

近断层地震作用下大跨CFST拱桥的动力稳定性

为研究大跨度CFST(钢管混凝土)拱桥在近断层地震作用下的动力稳定性能,以主跨132 m的下承式钢管混凝土拱桥为工程背景,以台湾集集地震记录作为横向输入,采用动态增量分析(IDA)方法,对动力失稳临界荷载的确定进行了探讨.为提高IDA的分析效率,采用了高性能数值计算并行处理方法.此外,还讨论了加强IDA曲线簇收敛的问题.结果表明:脉冲型近震可导致非线性极值动力失稳,失稳临界荷载明显降低;采用加权平均加速度峰值作为地震强度指标,能显著改善IDA曲线簇的离散性,有利于揭示近断层地震对钢管混凝土拱桥造成动力失稳的特点.

弹塑性钢阻尼器用于大跨度CFST拱桥的减震控制研究

弹塑性钢阻尼器具有良好的减震效果,但目前的研究和应用主要集中在房建领域。以主跨368m的茅草街大桥为研究对象,进行了弹塑性钢阻尼器用于大跨度钢管混凝土拱桥地震响应的减震控制研究,采用非线性时程分析法进行了阻尼器关键参数的敏感性分析,研究了不同屈服荷载、不同弹性刚度及不同空间布设阻尼器的减震效果,最后重点分析了行波效应对弹塑性钢阻尼器减震效果的影响。结果表明,对于该中承式钢管混凝土系杆拱桥,弹塑性钢阻尼器的减震效果明显;综合考虑各部位的地震响应,在主梁各支承间均匀布设阻尼器为最佳布置方式;考虑行波效应后,阻尼器的减震效果更佳。

大跨度双联连续钢管混凝土拱桥结构体系设计研究

为研究大跨度双联连续钢管混凝土拱桥的合理结构体系及中央拱座合理刚度,以主跨2×405 m渝湘复线双堡特大桥为背景,采用MIDAS Civil软件建立全桥有限元模型,分析考虑自重、汽车荷载和基础沉降作用下,拱桥刚接、铰接、半刚性连接约束体系和不同中央拱座刚度对桥梁力学性能的影响。结果表明:自重、汽车荷载和基础沉降作用下各结构体系力学性能均满足规范要求。双刚接方案拱肋变形对称,结构受力良好,且构造简单、施工方便。中央拱座刚度从0.8 EI(EI为原设计方案中央拱座截面刚度)增加至2.0 EI,自重产生的最大变形基本不变,最大拉应力减小了0.33%,最大压应力减小了0.47%,结构力学性能改善效果不明显。双堡特大桥结构体系推荐采用双刚性连接,中央拱座合理刚度取值为0.8 EI,全桥有限元计算结果表明,该结构体系的强度、刚度、稳定性均满足规范要求。

不同激励下大跨度CFST拱桥地震反应时程分析

以茅草街大桥为研究对象,基于ANSYS软件建立了该大跨度中承式钢管混凝土(CFST)系杆拱桥的三维有限元模型,并对其进行了自振特性分析,获得了结构的自振频率和振型。以此为基础,结合以Fortran PowerStation 4.0为平台编制的计算程序对茅草街大桥的地震反应进行了空间非线性时程分析,计算了一致、行波和多点输入下该桥的地震反应,分析比较了不同激励方式对于大跨度CFST拱桥地震反应的影响。结果表明,行波输入对该桥地震反应最为不利,使得结构关键截面内力显著增加;多点输入对结构地震反应的影响比较复杂,使有些构件内力反应增加,有些减小,但增加和减小的幅度不大。

几何初始缺陷与初应力对钢管混凝土拱桥的影响研究

为探讨拱圈拱轴线的几何初始缺陷和钢管初应力对拱桥结构内力与应力的影响,基于实际工程案例,建立了4个有限元模型,分为2组,一组包括2个模型,考虑了拱轴线的几何初始缺陷影响;另一组也包括2个模型,首先考虑拱轴线几何初始缺陷,然后在此基础上考虑初应力影响,进行拱桥内力和应力分析对比。结果表明:几何初始缺陷对拱圈轴力影响较小,增幅<1%,但对拱圈的弯矩和应力分布影响较明显,特别是在拱顶部分,在拱顶处弯矩减小高达91.31%,而拱脚处增加17.03%,拱脚和拱顶上缘的混凝土应力增加23.19%,下缘的混凝土应力减小51.95%;考虑初应力影响后,拱桥内力分布发生显著变化。拱脚处轴力增加65.5%,拱圈弯矩最大减小68.21%,拱圈截面上缘应力增加幅度高达113.7%。因此,实际施工阶段,必须充分考虑拱圈拱轴线几何初始缺陷影响,并根据实际施工顺序准确模拟初应力。

脉冲参数对CFST拱桥地震反应的影响

为了研究近断层脉冲型地震作用下速度脉冲参数对大跨度CFST(钢管混凝土)拱桥地震反应的影响,基于有限元方法,以1座铁路CFST拱桥为工程背景,提出以脉冲参数对拱肋及桥墩地震反应非线性分析方法。研究结果表明:对于大跨度CFST拱桥,三向罕遇地震作用下,拱肋处于弹性状态,桥墩可能屈服,脉冲参数对CFST拱桥地震反应影响显著;同等PGA(峰值加速度)下,脉冲幅值越大,个数越多,脉冲成分对拱肋及墩地震反应贡献率越大,墩的损伤越严重;脉冲周期0~8 s内,中长周期(2~6 s)脉冲成分对拱肋及墩地震反应贡献率和墩的损伤影响较大,脉冲周期4 s时拱桥地震反应最大。

多点激励下CFST拱桥地震反应分析

基于大质量法的计算原理,在Midas/Civil有限元软件平台上实现多点激励下大跨度桥梁的地震反应分析.采用反映地震动空间和时间变异性的人工地震波,对大跨拱桥空间有限元模型进行在一致激励、行波激励和多点激励下的地震时程反应分析,主要探讨大质量法的应用问题.结果表明,行波激励和多点激励对大跨度连续下承式钢管混凝土系杆拱桥的地震反应有较大影响,应给予考虑.

陡峭山区大跨度钢管拱桥悬臂拼装抗风性能及稳定性分析

山区隘口风速大,对桥梁施工安全构成重大风险。文中结合某陡峭山区大跨度钢管混凝土拱桥施工项目,研究不同风速条件下静风荷载三分量对结构的影响程度和设置浪风索对提高结构稳定性的效果。针对浪风索初始拉应力较小、垂度大导致的浪风索刚度弱的问题,运用几何非线性数值分析方法,通过修正浪风索弹性模量,探讨不同风速条件下施工阶段钢管拱桥悬臂拼装受力性能和抗风稳定性。分析表明,初始索力较小的浪风索在较高风速下能有效提高结构抗风能力。

德清门户型人行景观桥梁设计

德清门户型人行景观桥梁为三跨等高变宽刚构钢箱梁桥,平面呈多段圆曲线布置,桥南侧设置一倾角为10°的钢管桁架拱门,拱门辅以吊索与梁体相接。介绍了该桥的设计要点,包括桥跨布置、结构形式、附属设施、景观设计、施工步骤示意及结构分析要点,可为类似景观桥梁的设计提供借鉴。

钢管混凝土拱桥吊杆张拉顺序对结构受力的影响

吊杆张拉是钢管混凝土拱桥施工中的重要环节,吊杆的张拉顺序不同会对结构内力分布及变形产生不同的影响。为了研究吊杆张拉顺序对钢管混凝土拱桥结构受力的影响,以新建轻纺城大桥主桥为工程背景,借助有限元软件建立桥梁三维仿真模型,对比分析了三种吊杆张拉顺序下的结构变形和内力变化规律。计算结果表明,从跨中对称向两端张拉是吊杆张拉施工的最优方案。

大跨度CFST拱桥地震反应分析方法研究

介绍了模拟地震反应地面运动的大质量法,并用大质量法和拱脚固定法在有限元软件AN SY S里对一大跨度钢管混凝土(CFST)拱桥(346 m)地震反应进行了分析.通过分析得出两种方法的结果是一致的结论,说明大质量法是大跨度钢管混凝土拱桥地震反应分析的有效方法,也是大跨度结构考虑行波效应和多点激励的地震反应分析的有效方法.

大跨度CFST拱桥行波效应的地震反应分析

介绍了模拟地震反应地面运动的大质量法,并用大质量法和拱脚固定法在有限元软件ANSYS里对大跨度钢管混凝土(CFST)拱桥地震反应进行分析:用大质量法对大跨度CFST拱桥进行考虑行波效应的地震反应分析,用拱脚固定法证明该法的准确性,并应用到南宁市一座正在施工的跨径为346 m CFST拱桥中.通过分析得出了两种方法的结果是一致的,内力和位移的值相差不到0.2%,考虑行波效应时,相位差为0.6 s到1.5 s时最关键,主要截面内力和位移增大2～3倍,扭矩除L/4截面外均较小.