EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH AND NONLINEAR FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS ON NEW TYPE JOINT BETWEEN COLUMN AND STEEL BEAM OF CONCRETE-FILLED RECTANGULAR STEEL TUBULAR

Experimental results of new type joints between the column and the. steel beam of concrete-filled rectangular steel tubular （CFRT） under reversed cyclic loads are presented. The earthquake resistant capacity of the joint is influenced by infilled concrete, stiffener length and relative dimensions of column and beam. It is found that the hysteresis curves obtained in the experiment are full and the joints have a good energy dissipation capacity. The nonlinear finite element models are also used to analyze the hysteresis behavior of the joints under reversed cyclic loads using ANSYS 8.0. The influences of the stiffener length and the infilled concrete are analyzed. Analytical results show that the stiffener length and the infilled concrete are critical for the joints. Furthermore, the skeleton curves of the finite element models are in good agreement with those of experiments.

Behavior of concrete and concrete-filled circular steel tubular stub columns at constant high temperatures

Based on reanalyzing test results of uniaxial compressive behavior of concrete at constant high temperatures in China, with the compressive cube strength of concrete from 20 to 80 MPa, unified formulas for uniaxial compressive strength, elastic modulus, strain at peak uniaxial compression and mathematical expression for unaxial compressive stress-strain relations for the concrete at constant high temperatures were studied. Furthermore, the axial stress-axial strain relations between laterally confined concrete under axial compression and multiaxial stress-strain relations for steel at constant high temperatures were studied. Finally, based on continuum mechanics, the mechanics model for concentric cylinders of circular steel tube with concrete core of entire section loaded at constant high temperatures was established. Applying elasto-plastic analysis method, a FORTRAN program was developed, and the concrete-filled circular steel tubular （CFST） stub colunms at constant high temperatures were analyzed. The analysis results are in agreement with the experiment ones from references.

Seismic Behavior of Diaphragm-Through Connections of Concrete-Filled Square Steel Tubular Columns and H-Shaped Steel Beams

Based on the introductions of a type of diaphragm-through connection between concrete-filled square steel tubular columns (CFSSTCs) and H-shaped steel beams,a finite element model of the connection is developed and used to investigate the seismic behavior of the connection.The results of the finite element model are validated by a set of cyclic loading tests.The cyclic loading tests and the finite element analyses indicate that the failure mode of the suggested connections is plastic hinge at the beam with inelastic rotation angle exceeding 0.04 rad.The suggested connections have sufficient strength,plastic deformation and energy dissipation capacity to be used in composite moment frames as beam-to-column rigid connections.

Influence of Axial Load Ratio on Shear Behavior of Through-Diaphragm Connections of Concrete-Filled Square Steel Tubular Columns

Nonlinear finite element analysis and parametric studies were carried out to study the influence of axial load ratio on the shear behavior of the through-diaphragm connections of concrete-filled square steel tubular columns. The analysis reveals that smaller axial load ratio can improve the shear bearing capacity and ductility while larger axial load ratio will decrease the shear behavior of the through-diaphragm connections. The parametric studies indicate that the axial load ratio should be limited to less than 0.4 and its influence should be considered in the analysis and design of such connections.

Progressive Collapse Analysis of Concrete-Filled Steel Tubular Frames with Semi-rigid Connections

A 9-story concrete-filled steel tubular frame model is used to analyze the response of joints due to sudden column loss. Three different models are developed and compared to study the efficiency and feasibility of simulation, which include substructure model, beam element model and solid element model. The comparison results show that the substructure model has a satisfying capability, calculation efficiency and accuracy to predict the concerned joints as well as the overall framework. Based on the substructure model and a kind of semi-rigid connection for concretefilled square hollow section steel column proposed in this paper, the nonlinear dynamic analyses are conducted by the alternate path method. It is found that the removal of the ground inner column brings high-level joint moments and comparatively low-level axial tension forces. The initial stiffness and transmitted ultimate moment of the semi-rigid connection are the main factors that influence the frame behavior, and their lower limit should be guaranteed to resist collapse. Reduced ultimate moment results in drastic displacement and axial force development, which may bring progressive collapse. The higher initial stiffness ensures that the structure has a stronger capacity to resist progressive collapse.

In-Plane Creep Buckling of Concrete-Filled Steel Tubular Arches

The creep-induced deformation of the arch rib of concrete-filled steel tubular （CFST） arches under a sustained load can increase the bending moment, which may lead to earlier stability failure called creep buckling. To investigate the influences of concrete creep on the buckling strength of arches, a theoretical analysis for the creep buckling of CFST circular arches under distributed radial load is performed. The simplified Arutyunyan-Maslov （AM） creep law is used to model the creep behavior of concrete core, and the creep integral operator is introduced. The analytical solutions of the time-dependent buckling strength under the sustained load are achieved and compared with the existing formula based on the age-adjusted effective modulus method （AEMM）. Then the solutions are used to determine the influences of the steel ratio and the first loading age on the creep buckling of CFST arches. The results show that the analytical solutions are of good accuracy and applicability. For CFST arches, the steel ratio and the first loading age have significant influences on creep buckling. An approximate log-linear relationship between the decreased degrees of the creep buckling strength and the first loading age is found. For the commonly used parameters, the maximum loss of the buckling strength induced bv concrete creen is close to 40%

Low cyclic fatigue performance of concrete-filled steel tube columns

Eight concrete-filled steel tubular(CFT) columns were tested subjected to cyclic loading under constant axial load. Experimental parameters included axial compression ratio, loading sequences, and strength of concrete and steel. The seismic performance of CFT columns and failure modes were analyzed. The test results show that different axial load ratios and loading sequences have effects on the load carrying capacity, ductility and energy dissipation capacity of CFT columns, as well as the failure modes of the CFT columns. The failure pattern can be categorized into two types: local buckling failure of steel tube in compression zone, and low cycle fatigue tearing rupture failure of steel tube. The seismic behavior was evaluated through the energy index obtained from each cycle.

Design equations for maximum stress concentration factors for concrete-filled steel tubular K-joints

Stress concentration factors(SCFs) for welded tubular joints can be decreased by filling the chord with concrete leading to a longer fatigue life. However, there are currently no design formula available in guidelines to predict the SCF of concrete-filled circular hollow section(CFCHS) K-joints, thus limiting their applicability in bridge design. To address this gap,finite element models for CFCHS K-joints were developed and compared against test results to ensure their accuracy. Then, a comprehensive parametric study was conducted to establish relationships between maximum SCFs and four variables: brace-to-chord diameter ratio(β), chord diameter-to-thickness ratio(2γ), brace-to-chord thickness ratio(τ), and the angle between braces and chord(θ). A total of 480 FE models were examined under three loading conditions including brace and chord loading: balanced axial force, chord axial force, and chord bending. Design equations to predict the maximum SCF for CFCHS Kjoints were established by multiple regression analyses of the numerical results. A comparison of maximum SCFs between circular hollow section(CHS) and CFCHS K-joints was made, and it was concluded that average reductions of 42% and 33% in maximum SCFs in CFCHS K-joints at the locations of the chord and brace were found compared to CHS joints for balanced axial force, respectively. Finally, a case study illustrating how to use the proposed equations for fatigue safety verification was presented.

新型空心管状翼缘钢板组合梁设计理念与力学性能

工字钢组合梁桥正朝着少主梁、精简横向联系的方向发展。与传统多主梁复杂横向联系组合梁桥相比,双主梁桥由于采用了开口截面的结构形式,极大地削弱了其抗扭能力,在偏载作用下会产生较大的变形及翘曲应力,使钢主梁处于弯扭耦合的受力状态。空心管状翼缘钢板组合梁采用空心钢管取代传统的平板上翼缘,提升了稳定性,改善了结构性能。本文通过理论分析和实体有限元法的计算,研究了单梁在自重与横向风荷载作用下的稳定性;对非组合截面的组合体系下的稳定性能进行了分析与比较,并分离出扭转翘曲应力和纵向正应力,研究了不同跨径下扭转效应的影响。最后,对横向联系、加劲肋的影响进行了分析。研究结果表明,空心管状翼缘钢板组合梁桥扭转刚度大于传统工字形截面组合梁扭转刚度,自身横向稳定性好,并且需要较少的横向联系与加劲肋,可实现单梁吊装,避免采用过多临时加固及支撑措施,提高施工效率。

集中荷载作用下弹性支撑矩形钢管混凝土翼缘工字形梁稳定性能研究

为研究弹性支撑刚度对矩形钢管混凝土翼缘工字形梁稳定性能的影响,开展了集中荷载作用下3根带有不同弹性支撑刚度的矩形钢管混凝土翼缘工字形梁的稳定性能试验,研究试验梁的位移及应变的变化规律,获得梁的失稳形式和稳定承载力。试验结果表明,整个加载破坏过程分为三个阶段,即弹性阶段、弹塑性阶段和破坏阶段,3根试验梁均发生整体弯扭屈曲失稳。随着弹性支撑刚度增加,梁稳定承载力增大,验证了设置弹性支撑可有效地提高该梁的稳定承载力。在试验基础上,利用ANSYS有限元软件对该梁进行非线性屈曲分析,将获得的稳定承载力与试验结果进行对比,误差均小于5%,从而验证有限元分析方法的正确性。最后,研究了混凝土强度、上翼缘含钢率和腹板高厚比等参数对该类梁稳定性能的影响规律。研究表明,增大上翼缘钢管含钢率和减小腹板高厚比均可明显提高该类梁的稳定承载力,而增强混凝土强度对梁的稳定承载力提高较小。

矩形管翼缘开孔波纹腹板钢梁抗剪性能试验研究

为研究矩形管翼缘开孔波纹腹板钢梁的抗剪性能,设计完成了4个试件的受剪试验。通过分析试件的破坏模式、荷载-位移曲线和关键区域的应变发展规律,研究了试件的抗剪性能、极限承载力及波纹腹板在开孔后分担的剪力比例。利用ABAQUS软件进行了数值模拟,并将模拟结果与试验结果进行对比,验证了有限元模型的准确性。研究了腹板几何初始缺陷和开孔偏移对抗剪承载力的影响。结果表明:矩形管翼缘开孔波纹腹板梁具有较好的延性性能,其抗剪承载力会随着开孔孔径的增大而降低,腹板波纹越密集,抗剪承载力越高;开孔横向偏移对抗剪承载力的影响不明显;提出了针对该梁的波纹腹板剪力分配比例近似计算公式;腹板的几何初始缺陷对抗剪承载力的影响可忽略不计。

Cyclic behavior of stiffened joints between concrete-filled steel tubular column and steel beam with narrow outer diaphragm and partial joint penetration welds

This paper presented an investigation on a stiffened joint in practical engineering which was between concrete-filled steel tubular column and steel beam with narrow outer diaphragm and partial joint penetration welds. Through the low-frequency cyclic loading test, the cyclic behavior and failure mode of the specimen were investigated. The results of the test indicated the failure mode and bearing capacity of the specimen which were influenced by the axial compression ratio of the concrete-filled tubular column. On the contrary, the inner diaphragm and inner stiffeners had limited impacts on the hysteretic behavior of the joint. There was no hysteresis damage fracture on the narrow outer diaphragm connected to the concrete-filled steel tubular column with partial joint penetration welds. Due to the excellent ductility and energy dissipating capacity, the proposed joint could be applied to the seismic design of high-rise buildings in highly intensive seismic region, but axial compression ratio should be controlled to avoid unfavorable failure modes.

Recent Construction Technology Innovations and Practices for Large-Span Arch Bridges in China

Arch bridges provide significant technical and economic benefits under suitable conditions.In particular,concrete-filled steel tubular(CFST)arch bridges and steel-reinforced concrete(SRC)arch bridges are two types of arch bridges that have gained great economic competitiveness and span growth potential due to advancements in construction technology,engineering materials,and construction equipment over the past 30 years.Under the leadership of the author,two record-breaking arch bridges—that is,the Pingnan Third Bridge(a CFST arch bridge),with a span of 560 m,and the Tian’e Longtan Bridge(an SRC arch bridge),with a span of 600 m—have been built in the past five years,embodying great technological breakthroughs in the construction of these two types of arch bridges.This paper takes these two arch bridges as examples to systematically summarize the latest technological innovations and practices in the construction of CFST arch bridges and SRC arch bridges in China.The technological innovations of CFST arch bridges include cable-stayed fastening-hanging cantilevered assembly methods,new in-tube concrete materials,in-tube concrete pouring techniques,a novel thrust abutment foundation for nonrocky terrain,and measures to reduce the quantity of temporary facilities.The technological innovations of SRC arch bridges involve arch skeleton stiffness selection,the development of encasing concrete materials,encasing concrete pouring,arch rib stress mitigation,and longitudinal reinforcement optimization.To conclude,future research focuses and development directions for these two types of arch bridges are proposed.

输电线路钢管塔的推广与应用

随着输电线路输送容量及电压等级不断提高,杆塔荷载和塔重不断增加。与角钢塔相比,在大荷载输电杆塔中合理应用钢管塔具有相对技术经济优势。介绍了钢管塔应用的主要原则和技术经济性,研究了节点构造、高强钢管、带颈锻造法兰、高强螺栓等钢管塔设计和加工方面的关键技术问题及其在试点工程的应用情况。另外还介绍了钢管塔的通用设计、材料供应以及规程编制等情况。

奥氏体不锈钢管坯镦挤法兰工艺

针对应用广泛的奥氏体不锈钢中间带大孔的高颈法兰类零件传统锻造工艺的不足,提出了一种利用管坯直接镦挤法兰的新工艺;用DEFORM-3D软件模拟了奥氏体不锈钢(0Cr18Ni9)法兰锻件的管坯镦挤成形过程。结果表明:该工艺是可行的,与传统工艺相比,该工艺工序少,材料利用率高,成形载荷小,提高了生产效率,降低了生产成本。对类似零件的成形具有一定的参考价值。

输电塔典型节点钢管杆件动力特性研究

输电塔钢管杆件易发生微风振动,起振风速与杆件自振频率有关。为了获得钢管杆件的自振频率规律,分别通过动力特性试验和ANSYS有限元模拟进行了研究,得到了常用长细比典型节点钢管杆件的1阶自振频率。结果表明单插板连接和U插板连接杆件弱轴1阶自振频率接近于两端铰接结果、强轴1阶自振频率接近于两端固接结果,十字插板连接和法兰连接杆件1阶自振频率接近于两端固接结果,螺栓数对钢管杆件1阶自振频率影响不大。最后总结出了方便工程应用的1阶自振频率简化计算方法。

灯泡贯流式水轮机轮缘间隙流动的数值模拟

通过对灯泡贯流式水轮机在不同工况、不同轮缘间隙的泄漏流动进行数值模拟,得到了不同协联工况下轮缘间隙泄漏流动和叶片表面的压力及流线的分布规律。分析了不同轮缘间隙值下的泄漏流动对主流和水轮机效率的影响,从而为灯泡贯流式水轮机的水力设计和轮缘间隙的合理确定提供了理论依据。

高压输电钢管塔柔性法兰承载性能的有限元分析

以某500 k V大跨越输电钢管塔用柔性法兰为研究对象,采用ANSYS软件建立了柔性法兰的三维有限元模型,考虑螺栓、法兰盘接触非线性,获得了轴向载荷下柔性法兰的应力和位移分布情况。通过分析载荷-位移曲线得到了法兰节点的承载力,并与试验结果进行对比,验证了有限元模型的正确性。改变柔性法兰的设计参数再进行有限元计算,得到了各设计参数对法兰节点承载力的影响规律,并据此给出了提高钢管塔柔性法兰承载力的有效措施。

翼缘削弱对钢管混凝土外加强环节点受力性能的改善

对加强环式节点进行低周反复加载非线性模拟分析,发现在反复荷载作用初期,环板就出现贯穿的塑性带;通过节点域柱壁滞回曲线与梁端滞回曲线的对比,表明节点滞回曲线主要由柱壁变形而非梁端塑性变形所贡献。为了改变这一不利特征,对钢梁翼缘进行定向削弱,模拟分析发现,节点受力情况得到明显改善:①环板上应力分布得到明显缓和,转角处的应力集中程度明显降低;②通过改变环板尺寸或者翼缘削弱程度可以保证塑性铰先出现在梁根部而不是环面上;③在弹性受力阶段节点刚度没有下降;④在反复荷载作用下,节点域变形很小,环面上的塑性扩展不明显。由此可见,通过翼缘削弱可以明显改善外加强环式节点的受力性能,从而达到"强节点"的要求。

有无轮缘间隙的贯流式水轮机三维流动数值模拟

本文基于N-S方程和k-ε湍流模型、非结构化网格和多块网格技术,采用导叶和转轮部分联合计算的方法,在不同工况下,对贯流式水轮机模型转轮轮缘间隙在0、0.25 mm、0.5 mm和1 mm的情况分别进行了计算,分析了轮缘间隙对叶片压力分布、速度矢量、数值效率和间隙泄漏量的影响。通过对水轮机间隙流动的定性和定量分析,揭示了贯流式水轮机轮缘间隙内流动规律。