Photocatalytic Activity Improvement of g-C3N4 under Visible Light by Optimizing Preparation Conditions

Graphite-like C3N4 （g-C3N4） is an efficient visible-light-driven photocatalyst which is com- monly used in pollutant degradation. The photoreactivity of g-C3N4 depends on the prepa- ration conditions to a large extent. In this work, we linked the preparation conditions of g-C3N4 to its stability and photocatalytic activity through dye photodegradation experiments and sensitivity mathematical analyses. The sensitivity mathematical analyses show that the effect of calcination temperature is more significant than calcination time on the photoreactivity of g-C3N4. The photocatalytic activity of optimized g-C3N4 in rhodamine B （RhB） degradation under visible light was 100 times higher than that of non-optimized one. The enhanced performance can be attributed to the increased specific surface area of g-C3N4 and the increased migration velocity of photogenerated electron-hole pairs on the surface. This work deepens the understanding of the relation between preparation conditions and the charateristics of g-C3N4, and provides an extremely simple method for significantly improving the photoreactivity of g-C3N4.

Influence of Preparation Conditions on the Catalytic Performance of MoN_x/SBA-15 for Ammonia Decomposition

The influence of preparation conditions （e.g. H2-N2 ratios, final nitriding temperatures） on the performance of MoNx/SBA-15 catalysts for ammonia decomposition was investigated. The variation of catalytic activity with H2-N2 ratios may be attributed to the variation of surface compositions and particle sizes of the active components. The variation of nitriding temperatures leads to the formation of molybdenum nitride domains of varying compositions, which are responsible for the difference in their catalytic performance with respect to ammonia decomposition. At 923 K, ammonia could be completely decomposed using 15800 ml/h·gcat of GHSVNH3, which shows high performance for the catalytic decomposition of ammonia.

High performance CuO-CeO_2 catalysts for selective oxidation of CO in excess hydrogen:Effect of hydrothermal preparation conditions

High performance CuO-CeO2 catalysts for selective oxidation of CO in excess hydrogen were prepared by a hydrothermal method under different preparation conditions and evaluated for catalytic activities and selectivities. By changing the ^nCTAB/^nCe ratio and hydrothermal aging time, the catalytic activity of the CuO-CeO2 catalysts increased and the operating temperature window, in which the CO conversion was higher than 99%, was widened. XRD results showed no peaks of CuOx species and Cu-Ce-O solid solution were observed. On the other hand, Cu＋ species in the CuO-CeO2 catalysts, which was associated with a strong interaction between copper oxide clusters and cerium oxide and could be favorable for improving the selective oxidation performance of CO in excess H2, were detected by H2-TPR and XPS techniques.

Sintering of Doped, Nanocrystalline CeO_2 Powders Prepared under Hydrothermal Conditions

Nanocrystalline CeO2 powders (particle size ≈10-15 nm), doped with up to 20 at.-% of Mg,Ca or Y were prepared by chemical precipitation under hydrothermal conditions. The particle size and shape of the powders change slightly with the dopant concentrations. The the of the dopants on the sintering of the compacted powders was investigated during heating at a constant rate of 10℃/min. The elemental composition and the concentration of the dopant has significant efFect on the densification and grain growth. Compared to undoped CeO2, the dopants produce a shift in the densification curve to higher temperatures. For the same dopant concentration and under identical sintering conditions, the Ca doped samples reach nearly full density with the smallest grain size (≈50 nm), however, the Mg doped sample has the lowest density (≈95% of the theoretical) with the largest grain size (≈1 μm)

Preparation and Characterization of Silicone Rubber Membrane

Pervaporation membrane with preferential permeation for organiccompounds over water was prepared and characterized. Selection ofmembrane material and the effects of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS),cross-linker, and catalyst concentrations on performances ofpervaporation membrane at room temperature were discussed. Inaddition, the time of cross-linking, and the kinds of basic plate inthe process of preparation were tested. The formulation ofpervaporation membrane material was determined.

Effect of Preparation Condition on Low-density PS Particle Size and Distribution

The preparation conditions were studied in order to obtain smaller, narrow size-distributed and low-density polystyrene (PS) micro-particles by suspension polymerization. The results show that some of preparation conditions, the shape and position of stirrers, and stirring rate etc., have important influence on the size and distribution of particles. The preparation conditions must be carefully designed and controlled in order to obtain high-quality PS beads. A bow-shaped stirrer is helpful to produce small-sized particles and narrow size distribution, and the upper edge of a stirrer should be set to the same level as the surface of mixture, and the stirring rate should be controlled in the range of 520-600 r/min.

Synthesis of hexagonal barium ferrite nanoparticle by sol-gel method

M-type Ba hexaferrites were successfully synthesized by sol-gel method.Several synthesizing factors,such as pH value,citric acid/metal ion ratio,and dispersion agent were mainly discussed.Fine and pure powders of BaFe_(12)O_(19)were optimally synthesized under the conditions of the pH value is 7 and citric acid/metal ion ratio is 3.The X-ray diffraction analysis demonstrates that no impurity is observed in the synthesized powders after presintered at 450℃and calcinated at 1100℃.SEM observations indicate that the size of the synthesized BaFe_(12)O_(19)powders is small and uniform distribution.It can also be learned from SEM that the co-synthesizing sol-gel method can be in favor of the formation of finer particles.

Characterization and Methanol Adsorption of Walnutshell Activated Carbon Prepared by KOH Activation

Walnut-shellactivated carbons（WSACs）were prepared by the KOH chemicalactivation.The effects of carbonization temperature,activation temperature,and ratio of KOH to chars on the pore development of WSACs were investigated.Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy（FTIR）,X-ray powder diffraction（XRD）,and scanning electron microscopy（SEM）were employed to characterize the microstructure and morphology of WSACs.Methanoladsorption performance onto the optimalWSAC and the coal-based AC were also investigated.The results show that the optimalpreparation conditions are a carbonization temperature of 700 ℃,an activation temperature of 700 ℃,and a mass ratio of 3.The BET surface area,the micropore volume,and the micropore volume percentage of the optimalWASC are 1636 m^2/g,0.641 cm^3/g and 81.97%,respectively.There are a lot of micropores and a certain amount of meso-and macropores.The characteristics of the amorphous state are identified.The results show that the optimalWSAC is favorable for methanoladsorption.The equilibrium adsorption capacity of the optimalWSAC is 248.02mg/g.It is shown that the equilibrium adsorption capacity of the optimalWSAC is almost equivalent to that of the common activated carbon.Therefore the optimalWSAC could be a potentialadsorbent for the solar energy adsorption refrigeration cycle.