THE STUDY OF THE NON-STEADY KINETICS OF THE OXYDEHYDROGENATION OF ETHANE TO ETHYLENE OVER THE CATALYST OF Mo-V-Nb/Al_2O_3 BY THE TECHNIQUE OF TEMPERATURE PROGRAMMED TRANSIENT RESPONSE AND ELECTRIC CONDUCTIVITY

In this paper, instead of with the more expensive Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer(FTIR) a new technique of Temperature Programmed Transient Response(TP-TR) has been used with gas chromatography. Therefore, the TP-TR will be applied more widespreadly than ever before. With the technique of TP-TR and electric conductivity, the study is on the reaction mechanism and the adsorption behavior of the reactants and products to the present catalyst Mo-V-Nb/Al_2O_3 in the reaction from ethane through oxydehydrogenation to ethylene as the product. By Range-Kutta-Gill and Margarat methods, the kinetic parameters of the reaction elementary steps (i.e. rate constants, active energies and frequency factors) have been evaluated. The mathematical treatment coincides with the experimental results.

Evaluation of On-Line MPPT Algorithms for PV-Based Battery Storage Systems

This paper presents a novel Simulink models with an evaluation study of more widely used On-Line Maximum Power Point tracking(MPPT)techniques for Photo-Voltaic based Battery Storage Systems(PV-BSS).To have a full comparative study in terms of the dynamic response,battery state of charge(SOC),and oscillations around the Maximum Power Point(MPP)of the PV-BSS to variations in climate conditions,these techniques are simulated in Matlab/Simulink.The introduced methodologies are classified into two types;the first type is conventional hill-climbing techniques which are based on instantaneous PV data measurements such as Perturb&Observe and Incremental Conductance techniques.The second type is a novel proposed methodology is based on using solar irradiance and cell temperature measurements with pre-build Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System(ANFIS)model to predict DC–DC converter optimum duty cycle to track MPP.Then evaluation study is introduced for conventional and proposed On-Line MPPT techniques.This comparative study can be useful in specifying the appropriateness of the MPPT techniques for PV-BSS.Also the introduced model can be used as a valued reference model for future research related to Soft Computing(SC)MPPT techniques.A significant improvement of SOC is achieved by the proposed model and methodology with high accuracy and lower oscillations.

Correlation between electrical conductivity–optical band gap energy and precursor molarities ultrasonic spray deposition of ZnO thin films

ZnO thin films were deposited using the simple, flexible and cost-effective spray ultrasonic technique at different precursor molarities values. The films were deposited on a glass substrate at 350℃. This paper is to present a new approach to the description of correlation between electrical conductivity and optical gap energy with precursor molarity of ZnO thin films. The ZnO films exhibit higher electrical n-type semiconductors, whose band gap energy increased from 3.08 to 3.37 eV with an increasing of precursor molarity of 0.05 to 0.1 M. The maximum value of electrical conductivity of the films is 7.96 （S2.cm）-1 obtained in the ZnO thin film for precursor molarity 0.125 M. The correlation between the electrical and the optical properties with the precursor molarity suggests that the electrical conductivity of the films is predominantly influenced by the band gap energy and the precursor molarity. The measurement of the electrical conductivity of the films with correlation is equal to the experimental with the error is about 1% in the higher conductivity.