This paper analyzed the consistency of some parameters of soils in the literature and experimental results from fall cone test and its application to soil plasticity classification.Over 500 data from both literatures ...This paper analyzed the consistency of some parameters of soils in the literature and experimental results from fall cone test and its application to soil plasticity classification.Over 500 data from both literatures and experiments using fall cone and Casagrande methods were compiled to assess the relationships among specified water content,cone penetration index ebT,and plasticity angle eaT of finegrained soils.The results indicate that no unique correlation exists among b,liquid limit of the fall cone test(LLc)and a.The water content at 1 mm cone penetration eC0T correlates well with b,plasticity ratio eRpT(i.e.the ratio of plastic limit to liquid limit),and a.Finally,the potential of using the btan a diagram to classify soil plasticity was also discussed.展开更多
Groundwater in Yinchuan City has been heavily over-exploited, thus leading to the formation of depression cones in confined and phreatic groundwater environments. The depression cones have an important influence on th...Groundwater in Yinchuan City has been heavily over-exploited, thus leading to the formation of depression cones in confined and phreatic groundwater environments. The depression cones have an important influence on the hydrodynamic and hydrochemical fields of groundwaters. The evolution of depression cones was analyzed on the basis of the monitoring data on groundwater level accumulated in the past 14 years. The ratio of rCl-/rCa2+ showed that phreatic water circulation was intensified, and confined groundwater was affected by external factors. Mass balance of Cl- showed confined water mixed with about 11% phreatic water. It is shown that the alternative function of confined water was affected by external factors. At last, the evolution of groundwater hydrochemical field on the basis of groundwater chemical composition showed that phreatic water quality has been improved whereas confined water quality has been deteriorated. Saturation indices of minerals with respect to phreatic and confined waters were calculated by using PHREEQC.展开更多
Soil resistance to penetration and rutting depends on variations in soil texture, density and weather-affected changes in moisture content. It is therefore difficult to know when and where off-road traffic could lead ...Soil resistance to penetration and rutting depends on variations in soil texture, density and weather-affected changes in moisture content. It is therefore difficult to know when and where off-road traffic could lead to rutting-induced soil disturbances. To establish some of the empirical means needed to enable the “when” and “where” determinations, an effort was made to model the soil resistance to penetration over time for three contrasting forest locations in Fredericton, New Brunswick: a loam and a clay loam on ablation/ basal till, and a sandy loam on alluvium. Measurements were taken manually with a soil moisture probe and a cone penetrometer from spring to fall at weekly intervals. Soil moisture was measured at 7.5 cm soil depth, and modelled at 15, 30, 45 and 60 cm depth using the Forest Hydrology Model (ForHyM). Cone penetration in the form of the cone index (CI) was determined at the same depths. These determinations were not only correlated with measured soil moisture but were also affected by soil density (or pore space), texture, and coarse fragment and organic matter content (R2 = 0.54;all locations and soil depths). The resulting regression-derived CI model was used to emulate how CI would generally change at each of the three locations based on daily weather records for rain, snow, and air temperature. This was done through location-initialized and calibrated hydrological and geospatial modelling. For practical interpretation purposes, the resulting CI projections were transformed into rut-depth estimates regarding multi-pass off-road all-terrain vehicle traffic.展开更多
采用锥形量热仪法研究磷氮硼基阻燃微胶囊处理中密度纤维板的动态燃烧行为.结果表明:阻燃中纤板与未阻燃处理的中纤板相比,热释放速率峰值从302.9 k W·m^(-2)下降到194.4 k W·m^(-2),总热释放量从119.7 MJ·m^(-2)下降到8...采用锥形量热仪法研究磷氮硼基阻燃微胶囊处理中密度纤维板的动态燃烧行为.结果表明:阻燃中纤板与未阻燃处理的中纤板相比,热释放速率峰值从302.9 k W·m^(-2)下降到194.4 k W·m^(-2),总热释放量从119.7 MJ·m^(-2)下降到83.2 MJ·m^(-2),生烟总量从2.2 m^2·m^(-2)下降到0.5 m2·m^(-2),极限氧指数最高值达45%,且纤板燃烧时的成炭率提高,炭层结构完整,强度高.表明磷氮硼基阻燃微胶囊能有效提高中密度纤维板的阻燃性能,展开更多
针对目前基于圆锥指数的土壤紧实度测量中,无法消除土壤摩擦力对紧实度测量的影响,要求检测传感器匀速贯入土壤,因此存在使用不便、精度不高的难题。为了提高土壤紧实度实时测量方法的精度及可操作性,在圆锥指数方法基础上,设计了土壤...针对目前基于圆锥指数的土壤紧实度测量中,无法消除土壤摩擦力对紧实度测量的影响,要求检测传感器匀速贯入土壤,因此存在使用不便、精度不高的难题。为了提高土壤紧实度实时测量方法的精度及可操作性,在圆锥指数方法基础上,设计了土壤紧实度实时检测传感器,并加入了加速度的同步测量,消除了使用过程中金属杆插入速度不均造成的误差,提高了土壤紧实度测量精度。通过大量试验验证了自制传感器具有较好的静态性能和动态性能,其测量范围为0~900 k Pa,灵敏度为0.041 896,稳定性测量标准差为5 k Pa,测量精度为±0.02%FS,超调量为7.81%,过渡时间为0.632 s。与美国SC-900型土壤紧实度仪对比其准确性的线性拟合决定系数均达到0.96以上,结果表明设计的土壤紧实度传感器与SC-900型土壤紧实度仪在实际测量中性能相当,且使用更方便、价格更低廉。为农林生产、环境保护及生态监测提供了一种具有自主知识产权、精准获取土壤紧实度的有效手段。展开更多
文摘This paper analyzed the consistency of some parameters of soils in the literature and experimental results from fall cone test and its application to soil plasticity classification.Over 500 data from both literatures and experiments using fall cone and Casagrande methods were compiled to assess the relationships among specified water content,cone penetration index ebT,and plasticity angle eaT of finegrained soils.The results indicate that no unique correlation exists among b,liquid limit of the fall cone test(LLc)and a.The water content at 1 mm cone penetration eC0T correlates well with b,plasticity ratio eRpT(i.e.the ratio of plastic limit to liquid limit),and a.Finally,the potential of using the btan a diagram to classify soil plasticity was also discussed.
文摘Groundwater in Yinchuan City has been heavily over-exploited, thus leading to the formation of depression cones in confined and phreatic groundwater environments. The depression cones have an important influence on the hydrodynamic and hydrochemical fields of groundwaters. The evolution of depression cones was analyzed on the basis of the monitoring data on groundwater level accumulated in the past 14 years. The ratio of rCl-/rCa2+ showed that phreatic water circulation was intensified, and confined groundwater was affected by external factors. Mass balance of Cl- showed confined water mixed with about 11% phreatic water. It is shown that the alternative function of confined water was affected by external factors. At last, the evolution of groundwater hydrochemical field on the basis of groundwater chemical composition showed that phreatic water quality has been improved whereas confined water quality has been deteriorated. Saturation indices of minerals with respect to phreatic and confined waters were calculated by using PHREEQC.
文摘Soil resistance to penetration and rutting depends on variations in soil texture, density and weather-affected changes in moisture content. It is therefore difficult to know when and where off-road traffic could lead to rutting-induced soil disturbances. To establish some of the empirical means needed to enable the “when” and “where” determinations, an effort was made to model the soil resistance to penetration over time for three contrasting forest locations in Fredericton, New Brunswick: a loam and a clay loam on ablation/ basal till, and a sandy loam on alluvium. Measurements were taken manually with a soil moisture probe and a cone penetrometer from spring to fall at weekly intervals. Soil moisture was measured at 7.5 cm soil depth, and modelled at 15, 30, 45 and 60 cm depth using the Forest Hydrology Model (ForHyM). Cone penetration in the form of the cone index (CI) was determined at the same depths. These determinations were not only correlated with measured soil moisture but were also affected by soil density (or pore space), texture, and coarse fragment and organic matter content (R2 = 0.54;all locations and soil depths). The resulting regression-derived CI model was used to emulate how CI would generally change at each of the three locations based on daily weather records for rain, snow, and air temperature. This was done through location-initialized and calibrated hydrological and geospatial modelling. For practical interpretation purposes, the resulting CI projections were transformed into rut-depth estimates regarding multi-pass off-road all-terrain vehicle traffic.
文摘采用锥形量热仪法研究磷氮硼基阻燃微胶囊处理中密度纤维板的动态燃烧行为.结果表明:阻燃中纤板与未阻燃处理的中纤板相比,热释放速率峰值从302.9 k W·m^(-2)下降到194.4 k W·m^(-2),总热释放量从119.7 MJ·m^(-2)下降到83.2 MJ·m^(-2),生烟总量从2.2 m^2·m^(-2)下降到0.5 m2·m^(-2),极限氧指数最高值达45%,且纤板燃烧时的成炭率提高,炭层结构完整,强度高.表明磷氮硼基阻燃微胶囊能有效提高中密度纤维板的阻燃性能,
文摘针对目前基于圆锥指数的土壤紧实度测量中,无法消除土壤摩擦力对紧实度测量的影响,要求检测传感器匀速贯入土壤,因此存在使用不便、精度不高的难题。为了提高土壤紧实度实时测量方法的精度及可操作性,在圆锥指数方法基础上,设计了土壤紧实度实时检测传感器,并加入了加速度的同步测量,消除了使用过程中金属杆插入速度不均造成的误差,提高了土壤紧实度测量精度。通过大量试验验证了自制传感器具有较好的静态性能和动态性能,其测量范围为0~900 k Pa,灵敏度为0.041 896,稳定性测量标准差为5 k Pa,测量精度为±0.02%FS,超调量为7.81%,过渡时间为0.632 s。与美国SC-900型土壤紧实度仪对比其准确性的线性拟合决定系数均达到0.96以上,结果表明设计的土壤紧实度传感器与SC-900型土壤紧实度仪在实际测量中性能相当,且使用更方便、价格更低廉。为农林生产、环境保护及生态监测提供了一种具有自主知识产权、精准获取土壤紧实度的有效手段。
