Spatial Disparity and Efficiency of Science and Technology Resources in China

In the knowledge economy era,science and technology(S&T) resources are getting more and more important in shaping regional competiveness and building regional innovation capacity.As such,the spatial distribution of S&T resources is a key to understanding regional development and disparities.By designing an input-output indicator system,this paper develops an evaluation model to examine the spatial distribution of S&T resources in China and assess their spatial efficiency.Moreover,the paper tries to explain spatial differences in the efficiency of S&T resources in China.Major findings are:1) the input and output of S&T resources in China shows a clear T-shaped spatial structure,i.e.,concentrated mainly in the coastal region and along the Changjiang(Yangtze) River;2) the efficiency of S&T resources in China displays strong spatial disparities,with the level of efficiency descending from the east to the west while high efficiency appearing in only several clusters;3) the utilization rates of S&T resources in most provinces are quite low,resulting in low efficiency of S&T resources allocation.The paper suggests that the utilization rate of S&T resources should be raised and the commercialization of S&T outputs should be enhanced to improve the efficiency of S&T resources in China.

Resource Allocation of Agricultural Science and Technology R&D

The status quo of resource allocation of agricultural science and technology R&D(research and development)both at home and abroad,including the amount and function of agricultural science and technology research funds,human resources in the resources of agricultural science and technology R&D,the efficiency of resource allocation of agricultural science and technology R&D,the management system of agricultural scientific innovation and the operation status of scientific funds,is analyzed.The problems in the current resource allocation of agricultural science and technology R&D are put forward,including unreasonable resource allocation;low efficiency,and low efficiency of the transformation of agricultural scientific achievements.The highly effective resource allocation of agricultural science and technology R&D is analyzed from the aspects of resource allocation structure,environment,channel,spatial layout and industrial chain.

Roles of Science and Technology in Soil and Water Conservation in the New Era

Firstly,current situation and main problems of science and technology development of soil and water conservation were analyzed,and then roles of science and technology in soil and water conservation were studied. At last,exploration ways of roles of science and technology in soil and water conservation were proposed.

GIScience and remote sensing in natural resource and environmental research:Status quo and future perspectives

Geographic information science(GIScience)and remote sensing have long provided essential data and method-ological support for natural resource challenges and environmental problems research.With increasing advances in information technology,natural resource and environmental science research faces the dual challenges of data and computational intensiveness.Therefore,the role of remote sensing and GIScience in the fields of natural resources and environmental science in this new information era is a key concern of researchers.This study clarifies the definition and frameworks of these two disciplines and discusses their role in natural resource and environmental research.GIScience is the discipline that studies the abstract and formal expressions of the basic concepts and laws of geography,and its research framework mainly consists of geo-modeling,geo-analysis,and geo-computation.Remote sensing is a comprehensive technology that deals with the mechanisms of human ef-fects on the natural ecological environment system by observing the earth surface system.Its main areas include sensors and platforms,information processing and interpretation,and natural resource and environmental appli-cations.GIScience and remote sensing provide data and methodological support for resource and environmental science research.They play essential roles in promoting the development of resource and environmental science and other related technologies.This paper provides forecasts of ten future directions for GIScience and eight future directions for remote sensing,which aim to solve issues related to natural resources and the environment.

Boosting China's National Strength in Strategic Science and Technology by Taking Advantage of the New System for Mobilizing Resources Nationwide

To take advantage of the new system for mobilizing resources nationwide to boost China's national strength in strategic science and technology,it is essential to strengthen the leadership by the Communist Party of China(CPC)and to guide the development of China's strength in strategic science and technology in line with the Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era.For this purpose,high-level platforms for innovation should be built quickly,and refined through the introduction of major national projects.Furthermore,institutional frameworkssshould be continuously innovated,while open and inclusive development should be continued.

Natural Resource and Energy:Towards Sustainable Use and Development

The paper articulates the role of energy sector and its impact on the natural resources and biodiversity, focusing on traditional energy consumption in rural areas;renewable energy technology,gender dimension on rural energy,the energy sector in its geo-political, social and economic settings as well as technology policy on integrating energy planning.It advocates how sub-Saharan Africans are

科技自立自强背景下的新型举国体制:基本内涵、适用范围与构建思路

进入新发展阶段,实现高水平科技自立自强成为中国统筹发展与安全的战略支撑和必然要求。其中,构建和完善关键核心技术攻关新型举国体制是实现科技自立自强的关键举措。本文认为,科技自立自强背景下进一步健全新型举国体制需要把握以下重点:在基本内涵上,理解新型举国体制的关键是同时抓住“举国”这个原内核和“新型”这个新内核,正确认识两个内核的关系;在适用范围上,运用新型举国体制的前提是提出需求明确、仅靠市场竞争难以突破的战略科技任务,并注意适用范围的动态演化性;在构建思路上,要围绕充分发挥国家作为重大科技创新组织者的作用,以系统化思维推进相关改革,强化中央层面的决策指挥体系,完善技术攻关组织管理体系,建立适配新型举国体制的政策体系;在推进实施上,应根据事项轻重缓急和难易程度等因素,确定当前重点。

论中国式现代化进程中教育、科技、人才一体化建设

教育、科技、人才是全面建设社会主义现代化国家的基础性、战略性支撑,坚持三者一体化建设、一体化推进,是全面建设社会主义现代化国家的必然要求,是开辟发展新领域新赛道、塑造发展新动能新优势、推动经济社会高质量发展的解码密钥。教育、科技、人才均为强国建设之基石,三者统一于推进和拓展中国式现代化的伟大实践,整体服务于社会主义现代化国家建设。科教兴国战略、人才强国战略、创新驱动发展战略要实现有效联动,坚持一体推进教育发展、科技创新、人才培养,一体设计原始创新、集成创新、开放创新,一体部署创新链、产业链、资金链、人才链。教育强国、科技强国、人才强国是全面建成社会主义现代化强国的题中应有之义,要加强党的全面领导,努力实现各方面政策举措的贯通融通。

地震科技资源科普化问题研究

推进地震科技资源科普化,是提高地震科普能力建设的重要组成,也是提升公众防震减灾科学素养、“反哺”地震科技创新发展的重要手段。针对当前地震科技资源科普化研究薄弱的问题,本文从“政策-投入-产出”的逻辑关系,界定地震科技资源科普化的基本概念,并阐述其重要价值。在此基础上,从5个方面对地震科技资源科普化现状进行探析,并提出当前存在的困境和工作建议。

新世纪以来我国铀矿地质科技创新重要进展及展望

新世纪以来,我国铀矿地质勘查领域重大理论和技术创新成果,极大地改变了我国砂岩型、热液型铀矿的找矿思路、找矿方向,引领、支撑了系列找矿重大突破,重塑了铀矿勘查新格局。文章首先分析了我国20余年来铀矿地质科研布局的总体思路与演进方向;然后总结了铀矿重大基础地质与成矿理论研究进展,系统凝练了地质、物化探、遥感、钻探工艺、分析测试等领域的技术创新及核心勘查装备研制成果,梳理了铀资源预测评价技术研究进展及应用成效;最后,在重大基础前沿和成矿理论、先进铀矿勘查技术研发、非常规核能裂变资源勘查技术研究、数字铀矿勘查技术开发等方面提出了未来10~15年主要发展趋势和方向,指出在“双碳”目标和核能大发展对铀资源保障需求背景下,必须继续坚持并加强铀矿地质科技创新,高质量引领和推动“新区、新层位、新类型、新深度”找矿突破。

The measure and characteristics of spatial-temporal evolution of China＇s science and technology resource allocation efficiency

According to the connotation and structure of science and technology resources and some relevant data of more than 286 cities at prefecture level and above during 2001-2010, using modified method--Data Envelopment Analysis （DEA）, science and tech- nology （S＆T） resource allocation efficiency of different cities in different periods has been figured out, which, uncovers the distributional difference and change law of S＆T resource allocation efficiency from the time-space dimension. Based on that, this paper has analyzed and discussed the spatial distribution pattern and evolution trend of S＆T resource allocation efficiency in different cities by virtue of the Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis （ESDA）. It turned out that： （1） the average of S＆T resource allocation efficiency in cities at prefecture level and above has always stayed at low levels, moreover, with repeated fluctuations between high and low, which shows a decreasing trend year by year. Besides, the gap between the East and the West is widening. （2） The asymmetrical distribution of S＆T resource allocation effi- ciency presents a spatial pattern of successively decreasing from Eastern China, Central China to Western China. The cities whose S＆T resource allocation efficiency are at higher level and high level take on a cluster distribution, which fits well with the 23 forming urban agglomerations in China. （3） The coupling degree between S＆T resource allocation efficiency and economic environment assumes a certain positive correlation, but not completely the same. The differentiation of S＆T resource allocation efficiency is common in regional devel- opment, whose existence and evolution are directly or indirectly influenced by and regarded as the reflection of many elements, such as geographical location, the natural endowment and environment of S＆T resources and so on. （4） In the perspective of the evolution of spatial structure, S＆T resource allocation efficiency of the cities at prefecture level and above shows a notable spatial autocorrelation, which in every period presents a positive correlation. The spatial distribution of S＆T resource allocation efficiency in neighboring cities seems to be similar in group, which tends to escalate stepwise. Meanwhile, the whole differentiation of geographical space has a diminishing tendency. （5） Viewed from LISA agglomeration map of S＆T resource allocation efficiency in different periods, four agglomeration types have changed differently in spatial location and the range of spatial agglomeration. And the conti- nuity of S＆T resource allocation efficiency in geographical space is gradually increasing.

上海科技社团服务城市数字化转型研究

作为推动城市数字化转型的一支重要力量,科技社团应积极投身数字化转型实践,通过数字化转型提高运用现代科技提升内部治理和专业服务能力,增强群众组织力、学术引领力、战略支撑力、文化传播力和国际影响力,更好地服务于科技工作者科研、创新驱动发展、全民科学素质提高、党和政府科学决策。

藏南高温地热水锂资源及其提取利用技术经济性探讨

这是一篇地球科学领域的论文。基于藏南高温地热水锂资源分布特征、成因机制、锂提取技术和经济性研究不足。本文通过板块构造分析、地热水组分测试、盐湖锂提取技术的适用性对比分析和建立地热水提取锂的经济评价模型,取得了如下成果:(1)藏南地热水锂主要分布在雅鲁藏布江深大断裂带两侧及其南部,富含锂花岗岩围岩淋滤和岩浆热液,为富锂地热水的形成提供了丰富的锂来源;(2)根据地热水锂具有低浓度和低镁/锂比的特性,选择了萃取法和沉淀法两种技术用来提取地热水锂元素;(3)以古堆地热田某地热井,其地热水锂浓度为23.5mg/L,采用萃取法工艺提锂为例,建立经济评价模型,采用现金流量法对经济性进行评估,经济评估结果表明,当碳酸锂价格不低于25万元/t情况下,地热水提锂项目具有良好的经济效益。

“高端交流平台”内涵、构建思路与关键问题——国家科研论文和科技信息高端交流平台构建研究项目论证会综述

《中华人民共和国国民经济和社会发展第十四个五年规划和2035年远景目标纲要》部署了“构建国家科研论文和科技信息高端交流平台”这一与信息资源管理学科息息相关的战略任务。为进一步推动国家科研论文和科技信息高端交流平台构建的研究与实践,华中师范大学依托国家社科基金重点项目召开了学术研讨会议。会上,曾建勋教授依托课题研究作了专题报告,阐述了项目的研究背景、研究现状与内容框架,14位来自高校、馆所、科协和企业的专家进行了深入交流讨论,探讨了国家科研论文和科技信息高端交流平台的内涵及构建思路,提出了高端交流平台构建中需要突破的关键问题。

数智技术时代的中国档案学学科发展

数智技术,直接导致我国千行百业的原始数据形成,其管理正发生前所未有的变化。为适应从人人相连走向万物智联的大数据安全管理,需要对我国高等教育相关学科专业进行系统研究。梳理数字技术对我国组织的业务活动及其原始记录形成和管理的作用影响之后,提出传统的“中国档案学”学科将演进为“档案大数据工程”学科。并且指出,档案大数据工程学科高等教育包括“管理文秘”“数据资源管理”“大数据技术”等专业,尝试提出以上几个专业建设的发展方向。

加快形成农业新质生产力:理论框架、现实困境与实践进路

加快形成农业新质生产力,是关系未来我国农业乃至整个国民经济发展全局的一场深刻变革。依据马克思主义生产力理论,加快形成农业新质生产力应基于科技—人才—制度“三位一体”的框架,即以科技为根本动力、以人才为主体依托、以制度为必要保障。然而,从现实情况来看,当前我国加快形成农业新质生产力仍面临着科技赋能不足、人才支撑不够、制度保障不力三大困境,突出表现为农业科技与产业相互脱节、农业科技人才与农村实用人才“量质齐缺”、政府“有形之手”与市场“无形之手”不相协调。为此,未来我国要加快形成农业新质生产力,必须尽快补齐短板弱项,即通过促进农业“创新链”和“产业链”深度融合,释放科技的“乘数效应”;通过坚持农业农村人才“育、用、留”并举,构筑人才“三脚架”结构;通过实现有效市场与有为政府协同发力,发挥中国特色社会主义制度优势。

科技资源配置效率研究述评及数字时代下的研究展望

近年来我国稳居世界第二大研发投入国,但科技资源配置效率还有待进一步提升。为更加科学地测度科技资源配置效率,从而优化资源配置路径、完善配置机制,助力科技创新,从传统科技资源配置效率的概念内涵和测度对象、方法、指标体系等维度对中外相关文献进行系统梳理,厘清领域研究动态和发展趋势,分析相关指标体系常见问题以及提出改进建议,并结合数字化技术优势提出展望。基于中国知网和Elsevier/Springer收录的2000年以来58篇相关文献的分析结果显示:测度对象中,以针对地区等中观层面的研究最为丰富,并以面板数据为主,但科技资源配置效率较低的区域未得到较深入、有针对性的研究;测度方法一般采用经典的多元统计分析方法、计量分析方法等,近10年采用最多的是数据包络分析方法,也不乏采用多种方法 /模型的组合,但利用大数据技术基于全样本的研究较为缺乏;测度指标体系通常包括科技资源的投入和产出指标体系,分别设置有一二级指标甚至更多级别的指标,但指标构建在系统性、科学性和独立性等方面仍有待改进,其中一级指标财力资源投入中未包括R&D经费外部支出、科技信息资源指标下的各二级指标项均已包含在科技财力资源的一级指标中、知识形态产出中包含多项相关性较强的二级指标等。基于此,针对上述存在问题,依据《中国科技统计年鉴》等权威信息文献,改进构建新的区域整体科技资源配置效率测度指标体系,其中以科技人力资源和科技财力资源作为决定性投入要素,选择R&D人员全时当量、R&D经费内外部总支出分别纳入相应的二级指标中。最后基于数字时代背景,展望科技资源配置效率研究的领域延伸、方法改进、指标完善和政策支持,强调单列数据要素作为科技资源优化配置的测度指标,使科技资源配置方式更加智能、高效和开放。

科技与资本的融合:构筑高效的数字科创金融生态网络

秉承党的二十大精神,2023年10月的中央金融工作会议明确提出将科技金融发展定位为构建金融强国的关键。特别是科创金融,作为科技金融的重要分支,被强调为政策支持的焦点,凸显其在当前科技创新体系中的核心地位。尽管科创金融的发展至关重要,但现阶段其服务能力尚未完全满足科创企业的多元化需求,特别是在数据驱动支持方面存在短板。文章认为要通过数字技术的深度整合,促进科创金融的全面进步,包括构建健全的数字科创金融生态圈,有效管理金融风险,强化金融资源整合,推进银行、证券、保险等机构间的协同,构建投贷联动机制,探索科创专营银行试点以及完善科创产业金融服务,精细化科创金融监管,以实现科创金融质的飞跃,并通过数字科创金融的成熟,加速科创企业的高质量成长,为经济发展注入新动力。

基于产业科技视角的全球稀土产业链格局研判与对策分析

在梳理稀土产业链基本模式的基础上,从稀土产业科技视角深入剖析产业链各环节现状并对稀土未来发展趋势进行研判。研究发现,从稀土全产业链各环节看,中国在稀土资源、稀土矿、稀土冶炼分离环节比较优势突出,而在功能材料、终端应用环节发展相对落后;从稀土全产业链看,中国具有突出的规模优势,但科技创新能力不强;低碳技术的发展将推动全球稀土竞争聚焦于稀土永磁技术的发展和稀土资源的供应,这两个环节将成为大国竞争的核心。由此提出在全球稀土产业链格局演变下,急需加大重点领域研发投入,攻克产业链“卡脖子”技术瓶颈,塑造技术引领力;协同科技攻关加快海外资源布局稳产保供;稳定稀土原料价格,维持国际领先优势,从而协调稀土全产业链各环节的发展等相关对策建议。

我国海洋经济高质量发展研究进展——基于“资源—科技—生态”三大系统视角

海洋经济高质量发展是我国推进经济高质量发展和建设海洋强国的重要组成部分。海洋资源利用、海洋科技创新和海洋生态环境保护是海洋经济高质量发展的核心内容,学者广泛关注且成果丰硕。从海洋“资源—科技—生态”视角出发,梳理我国海洋经济高质量发展三大系统研究脉络,挖掘三大系统间互动作用的内在机理,系统阐述三大系统与海洋经济高质量发展的关系。着眼于我国海洋经济高质量发展现实需求和存在问题,结合当下国际复杂形势,提出了我国海洋经济高质量发展中三大系统的发展建议:一是强化海洋资源利用的前期规划与过程管理;二是注重海洋科技创新在资源利用和生态环境中的成果转化;三是推进近海生态保护和经济高质量发展战略规划。以期为沿海地区各级政府制定区域海洋经济高质量发展政策提供理论参考和决策支撑。