Spatial Disparity and Efficiency of Science and Technology Resources in China

In the knowledge economy era,science and technology(S&T) resources are getting more and more important in shaping regional competiveness and building regional innovation capacity.As such,the spatial distribution of S&T resources is a key to understanding regional development and disparities.By designing an input-output indicator system,this paper develops an evaluation model to examine the spatial distribution of S&T resources in China and assess their spatial efficiency.Moreover,the paper tries to explain spatial differences in the efficiency of S&T resources in China.Major findings are:1) the input and output of S&T resources in China shows a clear T-shaped spatial structure,i.e.,concentrated mainly in the coastal region and along the Changjiang(Yangtze) River;2) the efficiency of S&T resources in China displays strong spatial disparities,with the level of efficiency descending from the east to the west while high efficiency appearing in only several clusters;3) the utilization rates of S&T resources in most provinces are quite low,resulting in low efficiency of S&T resources allocation.The paper suggests that the utilization rate of S&T resources should be raised and the commercialization of S&T outputs should be enhanced to improve the efficiency of S&T resources in China.

Resource Allocation of Agricultural Science and Technology R&D

The status quo of resource allocation of agricultural science and technology R&D(research and development)both at home and abroad,including the amount and function of agricultural science and technology research funds,human resources in the resources of agricultural science and technology R&D,the efficiency of resource allocation of agricultural science and technology R&D,the management system of agricultural scientific innovation and the operation status of scientific funds,is analyzed.The problems in the current resource allocation of agricultural science and technology R&D are put forward,including unreasonable resource allocation;low efficiency,and low efficiency of the transformation of agricultural scientific achievements.The highly effective resource allocation of agricultural science and technology R&D is analyzed from the aspects of resource allocation structure,environment,channel,spatial layout and industrial chain.

Roles of Science and Technology in Soil and Water Conservation in the New Era

Firstly,current situation and main problems of science and technology development of soil and water conservation were analyzed,and then roles of science and technology in soil and water conservation were studied. At last,exploration ways of roles of science and technology in soil and water conservation were proposed.

GIScience and remote sensing in natural resource and environmental research:Status quo and future perspectives

Geographic information science(GIScience)and remote sensing have long provided essential data and method-ological support for natural resource challenges and environmental problems research.With increasing advances in information technology,natural resource and environmental science research faces the dual challenges of data and computational intensiveness.Therefore,the role of remote sensing and GIScience in the fields of natural resources and environmental science in this new information era is a key concern of researchers.This study clarifies the definition and frameworks of these two disciplines and discusses their role in natural resource and environmental research.GIScience is the discipline that studies the abstract and formal expressions of the basic concepts and laws of geography,and its research framework mainly consists of geo-modeling,geo-analysis,and geo-computation.Remote sensing is a comprehensive technology that deals with the mechanisms of human ef-fects on the natural ecological environment system by observing the earth surface system.Its main areas include sensors and platforms,information processing and interpretation,and natural resource and environmental appli-cations.GIScience and remote sensing provide data and methodological support for resource and environmental science research.They play essential roles in promoting the development of resource and environmental science and other related technologies.This paper provides forecasts of ten future directions for GIScience and eight future directions for remote sensing,which aim to solve issues related to natural resources and the environment.

Natural Resource and Energy:Towards Sustainable Use and Development

The paper articulates the role of energy sector and its impact on the natural resources and biodiversity, focusing on traditional energy consumption in rural areas;renewable energy technology,gender dimension on rural energy,the energy sector in its geo-political, social and economic settings as well as technology policy on integrating energy planning.It advocates how sub-Saharan Africans are

The measure and characteristics of spatial-temporal evolution of China＇s science and technology resource allocation efficiency

According to the connotation and structure of science and technology resources and some relevant data of more than 286 cities at prefecture level and above during 2001-2010, using modified method--Data Envelopment Analysis （DEA）, science and tech- nology （S＆T） resource allocation efficiency of different cities in different periods has been figured out, which, uncovers the distributional difference and change law of S＆T resource allocation efficiency from the time-space dimension. Based on that, this paper has analyzed and discussed the spatial distribution pattern and evolution trend of S＆T resource allocation efficiency in different cities by virtue of the Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis （ESDA）. It turned out that： （1） the average of S＆T resource allocation efficiency in cities at prefecture level and above has always stayed at low levels, moreover, with repeated fluctuations between high and low, which shows a decreasing trend year by year. Besides, the gap between the East and the West is widening. （2） The asymmetrical distribution of S＆T resource allocation effi- ciency presents a spatial pattern of successively decreasing from Eastern China, Central China to Western China. The cities whose S＆T resource allocation efficiency are at higher level and high level take on a cluster distribution, which fits well with the 23 forming urban agglomerations in China. （3） The coupling degree between S＆T resource allocation efficiency and economic environment assumes a certain positive correlation, but not completely the same. The differentiation of S＆T resource allocation efficiency is common in regional devel- opment, whose existence and evolution are directly or indirectly influenced by and regarded as the reflection of many elements, such as geographical location, the natural endowment and environment of S＆T resources and so on. （4） In the perspective of the evolution of spatial structure, S＆T resource allocation efficiency of the cities at prefecture level and above shows a notable spatial autocorrelation, which in every period presents a positive correlation. The spatial distribution of S＆T resource allocation efficiency in neighboring cities seems to be similar in group, which tends to escalate stepwise. Meanwhile, the whole differentiation of geographical space has a diminishing tendency. （5） Viewed from LISA agglomeration map of S＆T resource allocation efficiency in different periods, four agglomeration types have changed differently in spatial location and the range of spatial agglomeration. And the conti- nuity of S＆T resource allocation efficiency in geographical space is gradually increasing.

Boosting China's National Strength in Strategic Science and Technology by Taking Advantage of the New System for Mobilizing Resources Nationwide

To take advantage of the new system for mobilizing resources nationwide to boost China's national strength in strategic science and technology,it is essential to strengthen the leadership by the Communist Party of China(CPC)and to guide the development of China's strength in strategic science and technology in line with the Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era.For this purpose,high-level platforms for innovation should be built quickly,and refined through the introduction of major national projects.Furthermore,institutional frameworkssshould be continuously innovated,while open and inclusive development should be continued.

新世纪以来我国铀矿地质科技创新重要进展及展望

新世纪以来,我国铀矿地质勘查领域重大理论和技术创新成果,极大地改变了我国砂岩型、热液型铀矿的找矿思路、找矿方向,引领、支撑了系列找矿重大突破,重塑了铀矿勘查新格局。文章首先分析了我国20余年来铀矿地质科研布局的总体思路与演进方向;然后总结了铀矿重大基础地质与成矿理论研究进展,系统凝练了地质、物化探、遥感、钻探工艺、分析测试等领域的技术创新及核心勘查装备研制成果,梳理了铀资源预测评价技术研究进展及应用成效;最后,在重大基础前沿和成矿理论、先进铀矿勘查技术研发、非常规核能裂变资源勘查技术研究、数字铀矿勘查技术开发等方面提出了未来10~15年主要发展趋势和方向,指出在“双碳”目标和核能大发展对铀资源保障需求背景下,必须继续坚持并加强铀矿地质科技创新,高质量引领和推动“新区、新层位、新类型、新深度”找矿突破。

科技自立自强背景下的新型举国体制:基本内涵、适用范围与构建思路

进入新发展阶段,实现高水平科技自立自强成为中国统筹发展与安全的战略支撑和必然要求。其中,构建和完善关键核心技术攻关新型举国体制是实现科技自立自强的关键举措。本文认为,科技自立自强背景下进一步健全新型举国体制需要把握以下重点:在基本内涵上,理解新型举国体制的关键是同时抓住“举国”这个原内核和“新型”这个新内核,正确认识两个内核的关系;在适用范围上,运用新型举国体制的前提是提出需求明确、仅靠市场竞争难以突破的战略科技任务,并注意适用范围的动态演化性;在构建思路上,要围绕充分发挥国家作为重大科技创新组织者的作用,以系统化思维推进相关改革,强化中央层面的决策指挥体系,完善技术攻关组织管理体系,建立适配新型举国体制的政策体系;在推进实施上,应根据事项轻重缓急和难易程度等因素,确定当前重点。

论中国式现代化进程中教育、科技、人才一体化建设

教育、科技、人才是全面建设社会主义现代化国家的基础性、战略性支撑,坚持三者一体化建设、一体化推进,是全面建设社会主义现代化国家的必然要求,是开辟发展新领域新赛道、塑造发展新动能新优势、推动经济社会高质量发展的解码密钥。教育、科技、人才均为强国建设之基石,三者统一于推进和拓展中国式现代化的伟大实践,整体服务于社会主义现代化国家建设。科教兴国战略、人才强国战略、创新驱动发展战略要实现有效联动,坚持一体推进教育发展、科技创新、人才培养,一体设计原始创新、集成创新、开放创新,一体部署创新链、产业链、资金链、人才链。教育强国、科技强国、人才强国是全面建成社会主义现代化强国的题中应有之义,要加强党的全面领导,努力实现各方面政策举措的贯通融通。

The Gray Relevancy Research on New Products Output and Science ＆ Technology Resources input in State-owned industrial Enterprises

This paper analyzes the correlativity between new products output and science ＆ technology resources input by the method of Gray Relevancy model, and finds that the spending for new products has greatest correlativity with new products output in large and medium sized state-owned industrial enterprises.

“政治-经济-社会-科技”(PEST)视域下数字生态驱动城市科技创新路径研究

中国各城市因中心地位、规模和区位不同,数字资源禀赋和数字生态要素发展具有异质性,对各城市的科技创新产生不同影响。基于此,立足于“政治-经济-社会-科技”(PEST)视角,基于协同演化理论和资源基础理论,以中国226个城市为样本,运用回归和组态研究方法,探索PEST数字生态,即数字政治、数字经济、数字社会及数字技术驱动城市科技创新的路径。研究表明:PEST数字生态与城市科技创新之间呈正“U”型效应,“U”型拐点数字生态指数为62.12,其中69.03%的样本城市在其左侧,30.97%的样本城市分布在其右侧;总体而言不存在导致城市高科技创新的必要条件,数字生态驱动城市高、非高科技创新的组态路径分别为6条(如数字社会和数字技术驱动型,数字产业化、数字社会和数字基础设施主导型,数字政治、数字社会和数字技术驱动型等)和1条(数字政治、数字社会、数字技术和数字产业化缺失型);数字生态驱动城市高科技创新的组态路径具有中心地位、规模和区位异质性。因此,各城市的数字生态建设要切合实际,实施差异化发展战略。

地震科技资源科普化问题研究

推进地震科技资源科普化,是提高地震科普能力建设的重要组成,也是提升公众防震减灾科学素养、“反哺”地震科技创新发展的重要手段。针对当前地震科技资源科普化研究薄弱的问题,本文从“政策-投入-产出”的逻辑关系,界定地震科技资源科普化的基本概念,并阐述其重要价值。在此基础上,从5个方面对地震科技资源科普化现状进行探析,并提出当前存在的困境和工作建议。

数智技术时代的中国档案学学科发展

数智技术,直接导致我国千行百业的原始数据形成,其管理正发生前所未有的变化。为适应从人人相连走向万物智联的大数据安全管理,需要对我国高等教育相关学科专业进行系统研究。梳理数字技术对我国组织的业务活动及其原始记录形成和管理的作用影响之后,提出传统的“中国档案学”学科将演进为“档案大数据工程”学科。并且指出,档案大数据工程学科高等教育包括“管理文秘”“数据资源管理”“大数据技术”等专业,尝试提出以上几个专业建设的发展方向。

川渝地区农业绿色高效用水科技攻关方向与对策建议

川渝地区农业种植面积大、从业人员多、产业份额大、战略意义强,但该地区长期面临严重的季节性干旱和工程性缺水,且农业绿色高效用水发展水平与经济发展、区域地位并不匹配,需提高农业节水抗旱减灾保产能力和水资源利用效率,推动川渝现代节水农业高质量发展。总结了川渝地区农业用水现状和高水效农业发展面临的问题,分析了该地区农业绿色高效用水的实际需求,在此基础上提出开展川渝农业绿色高效用水关键科技项目攻关、构建农业绿色高效用水专家智库、构建西南季节性干旱区农业绿色高效用水技术体系、建设特色水果产业节水科技创新中心、建立川渝农业绿色高效用水产业联盟等一系列对策建议。

新型举国体制的科技法治图景

新型举国体制是攻克重大科技项目的组织模式和运行机制,科技法治是在法治轨道上健全新型举国体制的重要保障。关于新型举国体制的科技政策法律规定宏观指导意义较强,可操作性相对不足,在统筹协调、主体支撑和组织管理等方面面临制度疏漏和落实落地难的境遇,无法有效回应新型举国体制的科技法治需求。推进新型举国体制的科技法治化转型及制度体系建构,既要实现法治功能转变,从促进型法律迈向激励型法律,统筹推进国内法治和涉外法治协调发展,又要搭建新型举国体制运行的科技法治框架,建立健全配套法律制度,为新型举国体制高效运行提供支撑。

研究生教育成本分担背景下资源环境领域引领型人才育成体系创建与实践——以武汉科技大学为例

基于我国研究生教育全面收费的背景,在分析资源环境领域研究生培养面临的新形势、新矛盾、新问题的基础上,武汉科技大学面向冶金钢铁行业、湖北加速建成中部地区崛起重要战略支点、资源环境领域学科专业以及学生的发展需求,创新“家国情怀教育、科学前沿引领”的教育基本内涵,构建“三协同三提升”的资源环境领域研究生培养思路,共建、共治、共享研究生科研、教学、实践的资源,探究“大资源大环境”学科专业融合的研究生培养模式,分析科产教协同的引领型人才培养路径,凝练研究生教育成本分担背景下资源环境领域引领型人才育成体系的成效。

上海科技社团服务城市数字化转型研究

作为推动城市数字化转型的一支重要力量,科技社团应积极投身数字化转型实践,通过数字化转型提高运用现代科技提升内部治理和专业服务能力,增强群众组织力、学术引领力、战略支撑力、文化传播力和国际影响力,更好地服务于科技工作者科研、创新驱动发展、全民科学素质提高、党和政府科学决策。

藏南高温地热水锂资源及其提取利用技术经济性探讨

这是一篇地球科学领域的论文。基于藏南高温地热水锂资源分布特征、成因机制、锂提取技术和经济性研究不足。本文通过板块构造分析、地热水组分测试、盐湖锂提取技术的适用性对比分析和建立地热水提取锂的经济评价模型,取得了如下成果:(1)藏南地热水锂主要分布在雅鲁藏布江深大断裂带两侧及其南部,富含锂花岗岩围岩淋滤和岩浆热液,为富锂地热水的形成提供了丰富的锂来源;(2)根据地热水锂具有低浓度和低镁/锂比的特性,选择了萃取法和沉淀法两种技术用来提取地热水锂元素;(3)以古堆地热田某地热井,其地热水锂浓度为23.5mg/L,采用萃取法工艺提锂为例,建立经济评价模型,采用现金流量法对经济性进行评估,经济评估结果表明,当碳酸锂价格不低于25万元/t情况下,地热水提锂项目具有良好的经济效益。

基于短视频的农业科技科普化路径研究--以江苏省农业科学院农业科技科普系列短视频为例

科技资源科普化是新时代科普工作在科研单位的具体实践。以短视频的方式进行农业科技科普,可以把抽象的科学技术具象化、可视化,对推动科技创新和社会进步,提高全民科学素养,促进科技成果的转化和应用,营造崇尚科学、创新进取的社会氛围具有重要意义。文章分析了以短视频为载体的农业科技科普化面临的挑战,并以江苏省农业科学院农业科技科普系列短视频为例,介绍了其创制与传播实践及取得的成效,从创新农业科技科普化机制、提升农业科技科普创作能力、构建农业科技科普传播矩阵等方面提出了推动农业科研单位基于短视频的农业科技资源科普化的对策建议。