Research on the Classification of Western Literary Criticism Under M. H. Abrams’Fourfold Model

This study explores the application of Abrams’Fourfold Model in the classification of Western literary criticism.Abrams’framework categorizes literary criticism into four fundamental elements:text,author,world,and audience.The text is viewed as an independent entity with intrinsic artistic value,necessitating a detailed analysis of its structure,style,themes,and symbols.Author study delves into the creator’s life and socio-cultural context,often to uncover the work’s deeper meanings.Contextual study situates the work within its historical and social milieu,examining its reflection of or response to societal norms and events.Audience response analysis considers the diverse interpretations shaped by readers’backgrounds,emphasizing the reader’s role in constructing the work’s meaning.The study concludes that Abrams’Fourfold Model offers a comprehensive and flexible analytical tool,enabling critics to engage with literary works from multiple perspectives,thereby enriching the understanding of literary complexity and diversity.

Effects of Flexibility and Suspension Configuration of Main Shaft on Dynamic Characteristics of Wind Turbine Drivetrain

The current research of wind turbine drivetrain is mainly concentrated in dynamic characteristics of gearbox with a specific suspension of main shaft, such as one-point and two-point suspension. However, little attention is paid to the e ects of these suspension configurations on the dynamic responses of wind turbine gearbox. This paper investigates the influences of suspension configurations of main shaft on the dynamic characteristics of drivetrain. For evaluating the dynamic behaviors of drivetrain with multi-stage transmission system more realistically, a dynamic modeling approach of drivetrain is proposed based on Timoshenko beam theory and Lagrange's equation. Considering the flexibility and di erent suspension configurations of main shaft, time-varying mesh sti ness excitation, time-varying transmission error excitation and gravity excitation, etc., a three-dimensional dynamic model of drivetrain is developed, and the dynamic responses of drivetrain are investigated. Results show that with the one-point suspension of main shaft, the resonance frequencies in gearbox, especially at the low-speed stage, obviously shift to the higher frequency range compared to the gearbox without main shaft, but this trend could be inversed by increasing main shaft length. Meanwhile, the loads in main shaft, main shaft bearing and carrier bearing are greatly sensitive to the main shaft length. Hence, the load sharing is further disrupted by main shaft, but this e ect could be alleviated by larger load torque. Comparing to the one-point suspension of main shaft, there occurs the obvious load reduction at the low-speed stage with two-point suspension of main shaft. However, those advantages greatly depend on the distance between two main bearings, and come at the expense of increased load in upwind main shaft unit and the corresponding main bearing. Finally, a wind field test is conducted to verify the proposed drivetrain model. This study develops a numerical model of drivetrain which is able to evaluate the e ects of di erent suspension configurations of main shaft on gearbox.

Fighting the Ignorance: Public Authorities’ and Land Users’ Responses to Land Subsidence in Indonesia

Land subsidence can have a considerable impact on the socio-economic viability of areas. In urban areas, land subsidence tends to damage buildings and infrastructures gradually, while in rural peat land it slowly destroys vegetation. The damages will worsen since climate change has further implications for the areas affected by land subsidence. In Indonesia, the response to land subsidence varies in different areas in terms of awareness, urgency and action on the part of both public authorities and land users. This paper systematically investigates these varied responses in urban and rural peat land areas. Interviews with experts and surveys of 330 land users in selected sub-districts were conducted and further supplemented by focus group discussions. We found that both the public authorities as well as the land users’ responses were considered as of limited value to contest land subsidence. We suggest that the endorsement of land users’ response into governmental policies would make a significant difference in improving land subsidence management.

Monte-Carlo Simulation of Response Functions for Natural Gamma-Rays in LaBr_3 Detector System with Complex Borehole Configurations

Usually, there are several methods, e.g. experiment, interpolation experiment-based, analytic function, and Monte-Carlo simulation, to calculate the response functions in LaBr3（Ce） detectors. In logging applications, the experiment-based methods cannot be adopted because of their limitations. Analytic function has the advantage of fast calculating speed, but it is very difficult to take into account many effects that occur in practical applications. On the contrary, Monte-Carlo simulation can deal with physical and geometric configurations very tactfully. It has a distinct advantage for calculating the functions with complex configurations in borehole. A new application of LaBr3（Ce） detector is in natural gamma-rays borehole spectrometer for uranium well logging. Calculation of response functions must consider a series of physical and geometric factors under complex logging conditions, including earth formations and its relevant parameters, different energies, material and thickness of the casings, the fluid between the two tubes, and relative position of the LaBr3（Ce） crystal to steel ingot at the front of logging tube. The present work establishes Monte-Carlo simulation models for the above-mentioned situations, and then performs calculations for main gamma-rays from natural radio-elements series. The response functions can offer experimental directions for the design of borehole detection system, and provide technique basis and basic data for spectral analysis of natural gamma-rays, and for sonrceless calibration in uranium quantitative interpretation.

A study on medical rescue model of trans-regional emergency response linkage and its application

This paper explores medical rescue model of trans-regional emergency response which shall be suited to administrative border areas for the sake of more efficient performance of emergency medical rescue in border areas. Benefited from the existing emergency medical resources in the regional cooperation and the grid management theory, this paper establishes the emergency rescue mechanism featuring'information exchange, resource sharing, and authorized command' by analyzing the shortcomings of current emergency management mechanism in the border areas around Yinchuan. A linkage mechanism should also be set up between two parties (multiple parties) in the border areas for a better command and dispatch platform, as well as drawing up emergency response plan and organizing trans-regional emergency drills. The solution lies in the more efficient treatment of emergency response in border areas. Taking response time for emergency call as the sole criterion, this paper suggests on the establishment of'integrated, coordinated, linked, and effective' medical rescue mode of regional emergency response linkage in a multi-level and grid-based way and an emergency rescue mechanism with characteristics of'information exchange, resource sharing, and authorized command'. It is of great significance to improve emergency response time in the border areas around Yinchuan and utilization of emergency rescue resources, to enhance coordinating work of emergency systems in different administrative regions, and to achieve an emergency response network seamlessly connected with different regions.

公共文化财政事权与支出责任划分的府际协调

政府间公共文化财政事权与支出责任划分是基本公共文化服务标准化、均等化的基础性、支柱性保障,当前其划分改革仍存在事权共担模糊性与粗略并存、支出分担概括性与下移并存、财力主导性与保障不足并存,以及省以下划分改革尚未完成等缺憾。划分改革追求“权责清晰、财力协调、区域均衡”的中央与地方财政关系调整目标,但中央与地方的财政分权不能替代省级政府对省以下财政体制改革“负总责”,以及各级地方政府的分级负责。府际协调应坚持中央的统一领导,在省域内落实省级统筹调控功能,并实施地方政府的分级负责,突出“两个积极性”的地方积极性;在体制协调上保持财政事权、支出责任与财力相适应;在机制协调上实施标准化与均等化的衔接配合;在策略协调上强调动态化与确定性的适度平衡。

“金融监督管理法”核心内容的基本构想

按照我国本轮修改金融法的最初设想:将《证券法》完善成为“资本市场法”,《商业银行法》修改为“银行业法”,形成货币市场法,以此构建我国金融法的核心业务体系。与之相对应,将原金融监管机关进行合并,以解决监管全面覆盖和金融控股公司的监管问题。由于前期条件不够成熟,相关法律修改仍然保留了原有名称,只对部分内容进行了完善。为此,十四届全国人民代表大会批准组建国家金融监督管理总局,统一负责除证券业之外的全部金融监督管理。从金融监管的发展趋势来看,未来中国证监会在金融监管上应同国家金融监管总局保持协调或者合并。因此,将《银行业监督管理法》修改成为“金融监督管理法”的条件已经基本成熟。作为一次系统性的全面修改,应对《银行业监督管理法》相关范畴界定、目标原则、机关设置、监管职责、实施措施、监管协作、法律协调等进行统一完善。

关于实验动物福利伦理实践中主体责任的思考

在实验动物福利伦理实践中,3R原则是其核心内容。作为这一实践活动主体的实验动物工作者在其中发挥主导作用,应承担起相应的主体责任。本文从主体责任的提出、贯彻福利原则的需要、福利伦理技术方法的需要、开发福利新产品的需要、福利伦理相关政策执行的需要以及设立实验动物纪念日和纪念碑以体现主体责任等几个方面阐述了主体责任在实验动物福利伦理实践中的作用、实现途径和意义。

人工智能时代审计伦理的危机表征与治理路径

人工智能日益成为新一轮产业革命的引擎,其通过技术牵引与场景驱动,正重塑着审计工作的模式和流程。将人工智能应用于审计活动能够大幅提升审计效能,但同时也产生了严重的伦理危机。如何治理人工智能时代下的审计伦理危机,以使人工智能更好地服务于审计工作,已成为各类审计组织亟待解决的问题。文章在明晰人工智能时代审计伦理内涵的基础之上,从审计主体自身以及审计主体与审计客体、利益相关者、智能审计系统开发者之间关系等视角系统分析了人工智能时代审计伦理危机的表征,并基于伦理原则构建、政策与制度、数据与技术、个人与组织等层面探索了人工智能时代审计伦理危机的治理路径,旨在为人工智能时代审计伦理危机的预防、监测和控制提供理论参考和实践借鉴。

考虑氢储能和需求响应的综合能源系统双层优化配置

在双碳目标下,为改善综合能源系统功率不平衡,提高能源运营商收益,降低用户购能成本,首先,结合氢储能可作为源-荷-储的优点以及电制热的能源转换特性,设计了考虑氢储能的综合能源系统双层框架。其次,根据两种不同时间尺度,提出了一种考虑负荷侧需求响应和含电制热设备用户群的综合能源系统氢储能双层优化配置模型,上层模型结合氢储能特性进行长时间尺度优化配置;下层模型利用需求响应和电制热设备对用户群负荷进行优化,以求解短时间尺度含氢储能综合能源系统优化运行问题。再次,采用KKT条件和Big-M法将模型转为单层线性问题。最后,结果显示,通过配置氢储能以及采用电制热设备和需求响应,可提高运营商收入和新能源消纳,降低用户群成本,减少功率失衡风险。

治理主体权责边界与国有企业创新——来自党委前置研究清单的证据

本文以《国企改革三年行动方案(2020—2022年)》提出党委前置研究清单为准自然实验,构建广义双重差分模型,检验治理主体权责边界厘清对国有企业创新的影响。研究发现,治理主体权责边界厘清能够促进国有企业创新。机制检验表明,增强企业政策感知能力、提高企业风险承担水平、加快企业动态调整速度以及鼓励股东尤其是非国有股东积极参与企业治理,均是治理主体权责边界厘清促进国有企业创新的重要机制。异质性分析发现,治理主体权责边界厘清的创新效应在面临历史和行业期望落差、存在“双向进入、交叉任职”、处于命脉行业和关键领域的国有企业中更显著。本研究为国有企业进一步厘清治理主体权责边界并发挥其创新效应提供了理论借鉴与经验证据。

考虑不确定性和需求响应的配电网储能优化配置

分布式电源的间歇性和不确定性等特点使其大规模接入电网对配电网的安全稳定运行带来一定挑战,而在配电网中合理配置储能系统可以有效应对此问题。为减少风光并网产生的不利影响,提高配电网电能质量,首先构建由分布式电源和储能系统共同接入的配电网模型;其次对可再生能源出力不确定性进行处理,并构建需求响应模型平滑负荷曲线;然后以年综合成本最低和电压偏差最小为优化目标,构建配电网储能多目标优化配置模型;最后以IEEE 33节点配电网络为算例,根据分布式电源接入后引起的节点电压偏移确定储能接入位置,并通过改进粒子群算法确定储能优化配置方案。仿真结果表明,该模型可以提高系统经济性和稳定性,同时改进后的粒子群算法在求解效果上更优。

百年来伦敦大都市政府职责体系的演化

19世纪末至今,伦敦大都市政府职责体系经历了多轮调整。回顾百余年来大伦敦市的改革历程可以发现,其职责体系演化总体上呈现出“权责趋于上收、两级松散分工”的特点,都市政府职能集中于战略层面,地方政府承担具体事务治理职能。在此发展过程中,有多重因素对伦敦大都市政府职责体系的演化产生影响,但不同时期的主要影响因素并不相同。分析和总结伦敦大都市政府职责体系调整的特征及其影响因素,对于探索大都市政府治理机制发展规律具有特定借鉴意义。

含高比例光伏配电网中计及需求侧响应的混合储能配置优化

大力发展光伏等可再生能源是我国实现“双碳”目标的重要途径,而光伏高比例接入配电网后随之带来一系列问题。以含高比例光伏配电网为研究对象,提出了计及用户侧需求响应的混合储能优化配置方法。针对负荷和光伏出力的双重不确定性,提出了基于预测误差概率分布的不确定性场景确定方法。考虑系统不确定性,统筹运行阶段用户侧需求响应调控措施以及潮流约束,提出了储能配置的3层优化模型。针对优化模型提出了相应的分解方法,以及基于列和约束生成算法的求解实施流程。通过在IEEE-33节点测试系统中的应用,使得系统可平移负荷峰值下降了10%,节点电压维持在合理范围,并在指导储能配置等方面具备显著的应用效果。通过分析光伏比例灵敏性可知,不含光伏情况下的储能总容量相比100%光伏比例场景增加了90%。

考虑电磁铁线圈构型的高速开关阀动态特性分析

为改善高速开关阀的响应特性,以电磁铁线圈构型为切入点,对比研究了线圈构型对高速开关阀动态特性的影响规律。在建立高速开关阀数学模型以及理论分析线圈构型变化对响应时间影响的基础上,采用电磁仿真软件ANSYS Electronics,构建了高速开关阀二维瞬态仿真模型,分析了单一、叠加式、嵌套式3种线圈构型对电磁铁吸合以及高速开关阀启、闭两个动态过程的影响。仿真结果表明:在不改变其他结构参数与电气参数的情况下,与单一线圈构型相比,叠加与嵌套两种并联线圈构型能够有效缩短电磁铁空载吸合时间,减幅分别为35.1%、34.7%;叠加式线圈构型下高速开关阀的开启延迟时间缩减了4.79 ms,减幅达55.4%;嵌套式线圈构型下高速开关阀的开启延迟时间缩减了4.77 ms,减幅达55.2%。综合响应特性与能耗特性参数来看,采用叠加式线圈构型的高速开关阀具有相对更优的动态特性。该研究可为高速开关阀电磁铁的设计提供参考。

市场环境下考虑全周期经济效益的工业园区共享储能优化配置

为提升用户侧储能运行效率、改善投资成效,提出一种在市场环境下考虑全周期经济效益的工业园区共享储能(SES)优化配置方法。一方面,通过协调不同用户间的差异化调节需求,减少储能容量要求;另一方面,通过整合用户与SES的灵活调节能力,参与需求响应市场拓宽盈利渠道,并且考虑了SES全运行周期经济效益测算以降低投资风险。首先,结合电力市场交易规则,提出了多工业用户组建合作联盟的园区SES运营模式。其次,以运营周期内联盟总成本最小为目标,建立SES双层优化配置模型,其中,上层模型旨在形成最大化投资成效的SES规划方案,而下层模型则综合考虑分时电价、需求响应违约风险等因素形成储能的最优投标调度方式,并结合市场时序演变规律精准量化SES在全运行周期内的运营收益,对上层结果进行修正。接着,利用近似KKT(Karush-Kuhn-Tucker)条件将该模型转化为单层模型进行求解,结合雨流计数法与迭代法量化SES容量衰减对其配置方案的影响,并利用双边Shapley值法分摊各工业用户的投资成本。最后,算例仿真验证了所提方法的有效性,并且分析了储能盈利模式、SES容量衰减以及需求响应违约风险等因素对SES投资经济效益的影响。

“权威—互助—责任”分析框架下党建引领乡村治理的行动伦理——对浙江省湖州市N区的考察

“政党下乡”以来,“党建形式优化”“党建势能转化”“乡村治理实践”构成党建引领乡村治理的完整过程。基于客观治理结构与政党治理价值的双重作用,从行动伦理视角出发,构建“权威—互助—责任”框架,通过对浙北N区乡村转型的现实案例分析,得出“互助—责任”“权威—互助”“责任—权威”的行动伦理机制,分别指引着基层党组织完成党建联建机制设计、治理共同体构建、村民生产生活转型,最终实现乡村生活、生产秩序重塑,由此形成关于党建引领乡村治理行动的系统认知。

政府数据授权运营下政企合作的责任承担

政府数据授权运营属于政企合作模式,这种模式不仅有利于缓解政府数据开发利用的财政压力和技术局限,也能够有效避免政府数据开发利用的资源浪费。在政府数据授权运营中,政企合作不可避免会存在安全风险。然而,政企合作造成的“监管俘获”、责任主体不明确、责任阶段不清晰等问题,影响了政府和企业的责任承担。为此,有必要引入政府担保责任强化政企合作的外部责任承担,通过厘清政企合作关系来明确责任主体,并围绕数据生命周期来细化责任形式。

弹体结构的振动响应研究

研究了弹体在侵彻过程中发生早燃或早爆的可能原因,从结构动力学角度认识弹体装药响应放大的现象.根据实际弹体结构的典型特征,构建了反映模拟装药和壳体基本连接特征的构型结构;基于广义Hertz接触理论和集中质量法,建立了含间隙结构装药的碰撞振动模型;采用4阶Runge-Kutta方法进行数值求解,分析了不同刚度和阻尼的装药结构下系统的响应图、相位图以及庞加莱截面.结果表明:弹体在穿多层靶过程中,在相对较低的载荷作用下时常发生装药部件局部响应放大的现象,结构振动可能是一个重要因素,而且刚度和阻尼对振动特性有较大的影响.相关研究对于认识弹体穿靶过程中的提前非预期点火问题具有较强参考价值.