The Transfer of Land Contractual Management Rights in Ethnic Village--A Case Study of Ya'ergou Village in the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region

Based on field survey in Ya'ergou Village,Yuanzhou District,Guyuan City,the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region,we analyze the status quo of the transfer of land contractual management rights in this village,and study the basic information,form,characteristics,and problems concerning the transfer of land contractual management rights in this nationality village.Then corresponding countermeasures are put forward for promoting the transfer of land contractual management rights in ethnic village as follows:strengthening the publicity of the policy in order to improve farmers' ideological understanding;raising the rent in order to promote the transfer of the land contractual management rights;diverting the governmental investment to the talented people within village;consolidating management and resolving disputes in the transfer timely and effectively.

Research on Rural Collective Land Ownership Confirmation Based on Unified Registration of Real Estate

Rural collective land ownership registration is a basic work to safeguard farmers＇ land rights and interests, and promote rural reform and development, which involves the vital interests of the peasants, and has great influence on the rural economic and social development. However, there are many problems in rural col- lective land ownership registration and certification, such as unclear rural land own- ership subject and nature; not unified understanding of registration, no high enthusi- asm of the grass-roots work; prominent registration policy contradictions, serious shortage of investment, which seriously affect the rural land ownership registration work. In order to solve these problems, some suggestions are put forward on pro- moting the rural land ownership registration work smoothly.

Research on the Circulation Problems of Contractual Management Right of Rural Land

Based on the judicial explanation of the contractual management right of land, the thesis elaborates the definition of main body of contractual management right of rural land; right of possession, use right, usufruct of contractual management right of land; autonomy of production and operation; disposition of the products; expropriation and occupation compensation authority of contractual land respectively, in order to demonstrate the connotation of land contractual management. The thesis also analyzes perspicaciously the phenomenon of non-agricultural-use land and proclaiming phenomenon of contractual management right of land. We should establish normalized rural land property rights register system to perfect contractual management right of land. Proclaiming of agriculture land right also should adopt registration effectiveness so as to guarantee the legality of transference of agricultural land to non-agricultural land in terms of system. We should perfect rural land circulation in terms of normalizing land circulation laws and normalizing contractual farmers fees: in terms of the movable agricultural land right, we should further perfect the types and content of circulation and lessen non-legal form restrictions of circulation; in terms of contractual fees, we should normalize contractual fees of land in order to preclude the contradiction between the contractees and contractors arising from blank space of laws.

Disputes over Circulation of Rural Land Contractual Management Right and Control Countermeasures

On the basis of current situations of disputes over rural land contractual management right,this paper analyzes causes of disputes from four aspects. It states that controlling disputes,regulating and strengthening land circulation in accordance with laws are core works of new socialist countryside construction and rural reform. Finally,it presents five control countermeasures,including improving laws and regulations on circulation of rural land contractual management right,strengthening popularization and guidance of relevant laws and regulations,government departments administering in accordance with laws,stressing management of land contractual management right circulation contract,and establishing and perfecting land circulation intermediaries to realize market-oriented circulation.

Contract System for Circulation of the Right to Rural Land Contractual Management

From the perspective of civil subject theory,law of value,comparative law and history of laws,the thesis expounds that the contract on the transfer of the contractual right of rural lands is in nature a civil contract instead of an administrative one.Then it explores the defects in the contract from the viewpoint of legal value goal,contract law and legal sociology,that is,the relevant provisions in Rural Land Contract Law and Explanations of Supreme People's Court about the Issues concerning the Laws Applicable to the Trial of Cases of Disputes over Rural Land Contracting go against the principle of free contracting and run counter to the legal value goal of justice,so they do not achieve good implementing effect.Finally,the thesis demonstrates and makes some practical legislative proposals to perfect the contract system for circulation of the right to operate constructed rural lands,aiming at improving the circulation rate through perfecting the contract of the right to rural land contractual management,solving the disputes in rural lands circulation and safeguarding the legitimate rights of the farmers.

Problems in Rural Land Management Right Confirmation Pilots and the Countermeasures

The affirmation registration and certification of land contracted management right are the essential conditions for the effective promotion of land management right circulation and the development of agricultural moderate scale management. However, the following problems are found in the process of the pilot work： insufficient propaganda work, inconsistent recognition of affirmation registration work, low enthusiasm of grass-roots work; lack of unified regulations, each company working on their own; requiring large amount of manpower and resources for rural land contracted management rights, and severe shortage of national and municipal inputs; incomplete land ownership information and lack of marks between land plots, leading to resolving difficulty of the disputes; urgent need of strengthening subsequent work, untimely adjustment of related policies. Therefore, it needs to intensify propaganda, so that farmers can know the land right confirmation registration and certifi- cation, and recognize its importance; unify the introduction of job specification and results storage standard, making it convenient for the unified use of the results unified; set up special funds, and make experiments first in the areas with better economic conditions; establish arbitral institutions for land ownership disputes; earnestly make great effort to the supporting and subsequent work for right confirmation registration, and give full play to the role of land registration results.

Issues concerning Farmland Transfer in the Development of China's Agricultural Modernization——Based on the Survey of Farmers in 21 Townships of Sichuan Province

Based on the actual survey of 724 rural households in 21 townships of Sichuan Province,this article analyzes the basic information,basic characteristics and problems in current China's farmland transfer.The results show that the rural land contractual management right is relatively stable;in farmland transfer market,the degree of development of farmland transfer-out market is higher than that of farmland transfer-in market;at the same time,there are many problems,such as fragmentation of rural land resources allocation,incomplete land property rights system,too powerful land security function,single land transfer pattern and unsound transfer system.Corresponding countermeasures are put forward as follows:unifying urban and rural planning,and adjusting distribution pattern of rural land in concert with the course of urbanization;improving land property rights system,so that the farmers have the land contractual management right with real right tendency;strengthening the legal construction of land transfer,regulating the land transfer process,and guiding regularized and legalized development of land transfer;promoting farmers' cognitive level,and establishing the intermediary platform to provide land transfer information,ensuring information symmetry between both sides of transfer;providing more non-agricultural jobs,establishing and improving social security system for farmers,and diluting the social security function of land.

再流转中土地经营权的登记效力规则研究

再流转中的两种土地经营权在登记能力、登记效力上采区分原则。再流转阶段,基于土地承包经营权的土地经营权承继土地承包经营权的流转规则而采登记对抗效力,“未经登记,不得对抗善意第三人”应解释为未登记可以对抗恶意第三人以及能对抗善意第三人的必要条件为已登记,登记对抗效力表现为登记公示相较于其他公示方式的优先性与相对公信力,占有使用及向发包人备案作为认定第三人善意的实质调查内容在司法实践中发挥作用。以其他方式承包取得的土地经营权再流转须“经依法登记取得权属证书”为管理性规定,同时暗含登记连续性的目的,采登记生效效力的形式正当性在于此类土地经营权再流转的物权变动在实证法上的相对独立性,进而适用不动产物权公示的原则性规定,实质正当性在于通过市场机制高效利用农村“四荒地”土地资源的价值取向。另外,可结合此类土地经营权再流转的特殊规制目的适用善意取得制度。

房地一体不动产确权登记数据管理系统的研究与实现

从房地一体化采购项目数字化、标准化、科学化和智能化管理面临的问题着手,结合房地一体不动产确权登记数据管理实际需求,给出了房地一体不动产确权登记数据管理系统的功能设计和实现,并对房地一体不动产确权登记数据管理系统建设的关键技术和系统特色进行了论述。

“三权分置”背景下土地经营权登记的路径选择

农地“三权分置”背景下,土地经营权性质的界定关系到土地经营权的权利构造及其权利行使方式,对于后续改革与权利的完善具有重大意义。学界针对土地经营权登记问题的研究形成了债权和物权登记两种理论观点。就其权利属性而言,土地经营权债权登记欠缺理论基础且在实践中不具有可操作性,无法为权利人提供实质性保障。土地资源要素市场化的构建需要效力强大的物权为其提供制度支撑,土地经营权的物权属性为其纳入不动产登记体系提供了理论基础。物权登记路径的确立有着坚实的制度基础和法律保障,既符合农地改革的内在要求,也与我国正在建立实施的不动产统一登记制度相契合。

“三权分置”下土地流转瓶颈及对策——基于四川富顺县的案例研究

农村土地流转是新世纪以来中国农村经济发展到一定阶段的产物,“三权分置”作为新发展阶段中国土地制度的重大创新,通过鼓励土地流转可以实现规模农业、提高农民收入及实现乡村振兴等多重目标。本研究以四川富顺县为例,在“三权分置”背景下对农村土地流转的现实瓶颈进行深入分析发现,当前仍存在土地流转实施中农民合法权益易受损、土地流转过程中耕地地力易遭到破坏、土地流转政策执行中的政府和市场失灵、传统观念固化下土地流转集中连片难等问题。基于此,应建立和完善相关的法律法规、搭建土地流转信息交流平台、突出政府职能加强监督力度、培育现代农民提升综合素质等,以更好地推动中国农村土地流转和保护农民土地权益。

三维不动产确权登记的济南实践

文章以山东省济南市自然资源和规划局破解三维地籍管理和不动产登记难题、开展不动产三维确权登记探索实践为基础,通过梳理现有政策法规和先进城市实践经验,总结济南市三维不动产确权登记的实践路线、三维地籍管理的流程及各阶段要点规则,解读三维地籍管理的制度机制、管理模式、确权登记、平台支撑、数据建设等方面的做法,并为下一步立体确权登记的全面推广应用提出工作思路:①继续加强规划引领研究;②完善前置配套政策;③探索实践试点项目办理;④研究历史存量不动产登记管理。

农地二轮延包实施进路——基于贵州省XF县的调查研究

第二轮土地承包到期后农地顺利延包是促进乡村振兴之根本。当前我国第二轮土地承包到期后再延长三十年面临“有人无地种,有地无人种”与“保持农户承包地稳定”的现行政策相矛盾、无地少地农民以及“两头占”“两头空”“外嫁女”等特殊群体的利益处理这两大突出问题,制定具体农地延包方案迫在眉睫。基于贵州省XF县“第二轮土地承包到期后再延长三十年”试点的调研发现,二轮延包中存在着确权收尾工作难完成、延包主体资格难认定、土地细碎化难处理、延包协议难签订等困境。解决这些困境的实践逻辑为建立登记颁证机制、农户自愿有偿退出承包和未承包地管理机制、缺地少地农户承包地调整机制、矛盾纠纷化解机制、农地承包经营权长效管理机制。具体而言,农地二轮延包的实施路径包括:完成土地确权工作;化解延包矛盾纠纷;承包地退出、收回与管理;数字化赋能农地承包经营权长效管理;政府组织成立专班予以落实。

农村土地承包经营权纳入不动产统一登记研究——以四川省为例

在农村土地承包经营权被纳入不动产统一登记的背景下,土地承包经营权的流转与保护成为社会关注的焦点。为推动不动产统一确权登记工作的全面实施、优化土地资源配置、进一步促进农村经济发展及城乡一体化进程,本文以四川省为例,通过实地调研深入分析农村土地承包经营权被纳入不动产统一登记的已有工作基础和存在的典型问题;在此基础上,针对性地提出将农村土地承包经营权纳入不动产统一登记的工作流程和工作步骤。选取部分村组数据开展汇交和整合入库的试点工作,对成果资料整理与移交、数据整合与建库、存量登记发证与实际调查差异处理关键技术进行总结。

农村房地一体宅基地地籍调查与确权登记的思考与建议

推进房地一体宅基地确权登记,是夯实农村土地制度改革基础、促进乡村全面振兴的重大举措,是促进农村农业发展的重要保障。自然资源管理部门稳妥有序地推进房地一体宅基地确权登记,农村不动产登记工作取得了长足进展,为促进农村农业发展和乡村振兴提供了重要保障。但是目前房地一体宅基地发证过程中面临宅基地形成时间跨度大、权源资料不全、权利主体模糊、面积超标等问题,导致具备登记发证条件的宅基地占比低、地籍调查成果更新困难。本文梳理我国农村宅基地确权登记发证制度历史沿革,总结本轮宅基地确权登记发证工作的经验与做法,对当前工作难点进行了分析,并基于已有工作提出进一步推进农村房地一体宅基地确权登记的对策与建议。

基于无人机航测技术的土地确权工作的优缺点浅析

【目的】土地确权是一项重要且繁杂的工作,无人机航测技术作为新兴的技术,在土地确权方面具有巨大应用潜力。但在实际应用中还存在一些不足,因而需要对无人机航测技术的优缺点进行深入探究。【方法】课题组以广西某农场土地确权项目为例,采用0.1 m空间分辨率的航空正射影像为底图,经过内业遥感影像解译、外业指界的方式,对土地资源现状进行摸排整理。【结果】理清了土地权属关系,查清了土地利用现状,核清了办公住宅用地等10大类土地经营管理现状,并对土地实行“建档立卡”,最终实现土地资源网格化、精细化、动态化的管理。【结论】基于无人机航测技术的土地确权具有时效性强、灵活性强、作业精准、成本低、安全性好等优点,在实际应用中能够有效提高土地确权工作的效率,节省了大量的人力、物力和财力,为政府土地确权提供方法参考和依据;但也还存在作业范围小、续航时间短、像控点布设困难、受植被覆盖程度影响以及普及率不够高等限制性因素,这些因素制约着无人机航测技术的发展。

乡村振兴背景下土地经营权物权化登记的理论建构

土地经营权可派生于土地承包经营权和集体土地所有权两种生成路径,但其与这两种权利类型之间并不存在依附关系,而是能够获得平等保护的独立财产权。在农地“三权分置”语境下,土地经营权物权登记是立足于我国现实国情,科学构建农地权利体系的路径选择。土地经营权物权化塑造和物权登记路径不仅符合农地改革的内在要求,而且也与我国正在实施的不动产统一登记制度相契合。土地经营权物权登记路径的设计在实践中具有可操作性,有坚实的制度基础和法律保障。土地经营权物权登记路径的规范基础可通过对其独立权利属性、用益物权属性、权利结构体系及物的编成主义与其登记适应性的解释予以证成。

无人机倾斜摄影技术在农村房地一体确权登记项目中的应用研究

针对农村房地一体确权登记项目工期紧、任务量大、现有作业方式效率低等问题,本文提出采用无人机倾斜摄影方式对农村房屋进行航摄,使用Context Capture软件对航摄影像建模,利用北京清华三维EPS软件对实景三维模型进行地籍图及村庄周边1∶500地形图的采集,并利用GPS-RTK采集的检测点,按照同精度中误差计算公式对地籍图和地形图精度进行检测。结果表明:按照文中的作业方式,生产的地籍图精度可满足地籍二级精度要求,地形图精度可满足1∶500地形图规范要求,有效提高了地籍图及地形图的生产效率,为农村房地一体确权登记项目按时完成提供保障,也可为从事地籍测绘的作业人员提供一种新的作业思路。

3S技术在农村土地承包经营权确权登记颁证中的应用

农经权确权登记颁证工作具有体量大、内容琐碎、精度要求高的特点,传统的测绘手段难以满足其需求。3S技术具有强大的空间数据获取、处理、分析、存储和应用能力。该文主要阐述3S技术原理、特点,探讨3S技术在调查底图制作、地块权属调查、审核公示和信息化建设等确权登记颁证核心工作过程中的具体应用。实践表明,3S技术在确权工作中的应用,能在满足其精度要求的基础上,大幅提高工作效率,缩短工期,降低成本。