Effects of Serum Concentration, Synchronization Time and Confluence on the Cell-Cycle Synchronization Efficiency of Goat Fibroblasts

This study aims to evaluate the effect of serum concentration, synchronization time, and confluence degree on the synchronisation efficiency of goat fibroblast cycle. The results indicated that there was no difference in the percentage of nucleated fibroblasts in the G0/G1 stage between serum concentrations of 0.3% and 0.4% (83.89% and 82.69%, respectively, P > 0.05) as well as between serum concentrations of 0.2% and 0.5% (76.95% and 75.46%, respectively, P > 0.05). The percentage of nucleated fibroblasts in the G0/G1 stage was highest at the concentration of 0.3% and lowest in the control group (83.89% vs. 62.67%, P 0.05). The beneficial effect of high confluence was confirmed by the large percentage of nucleated fibroblasts at the G0/G1 stage. The 60% confluency was significantly lower than the 80% and 100% confluency (73.44%, 86.63%, and 87.17%, respectively, P < 0.05). The results indicate that the goat fibroblast cycle synchronization is the most effective at the serum concentration of 0.3%, 72 hours of synchronization and 100% confluency.

Effect of coir geotextile and geocell on ephemeral gully erosion in the Mollisol region of Northeast China

The unique geomorphological features and farming methods in the Mollisol region of Northeast China increase water catchment flow and aggravate the erosion of ephemeral gully(EG).Vegetation suffers from rain erosion and damage during the growth stage,which brings serious problems to the restoration of grass in the early stage.Therefore,effects of coir geotextile and geocell on EG erosion under four confluence intensities were researched in this study.Results of the simulated water discharge erosion test showed that when the confluence strength was less than 30 L/min,geocell and coir geotextile had a good effect on controlling EG erosion,and sediment yield of geocell and coir geotextile was reduced by 25.95%–37.82%and 73.73%–88.96%,respectively.However,when confluence intensity increased to 40 L/min,protective effect of coir geotextile decreased,and sediment yield rate increased sharply by 189.03%.When confluence intensity increased to 50 L/min,the protective effect of coir geotextile was lost.On the other hand,geocell showed that the greater the flow rate,the better the protective effect.In addition,with the increase in confluence intensity,erosion pattern of coir geotextile developed from sheet erosion to intermittent fall and then to completion of main rill,and the protective effect was gradually weakened.In contrast,the protective effect of EG under geocell was gradually enhanced from the continuous rill to the intermittent rill and finally to the intermittent fall.This study shows that coir geotextile and geocell can prevent EG erosion,and the effect of geocell is better than that of coir geotextile on the surface of EG.

Pollution control of outfall of rainwater-sewage confluence in old town

In order to improve water quality of middle ancient canal in Zhenjiang city a pollution control project was carried out.The research area is the middle catchment area of the ancient canal river system in the old town of Zhenjiang. The specific research object is the runoff of the outfall of rainwater-sewage confluence in the area. On the basis of detecting and analyzing the water yield and water quality of the runoff of rainwater-sewage confluence a combined technology which contains four independent continuous processes for lowering pollution load was developed and system equipment was established and put into operation. The processing effects of the project were monitored and analyzed.The results show that the pollution control project of outfall runoff is efficient which decreases the pollution load including chemical oxygen demand COD total phosphorus TP suspended solids SS and ammonia-nitrogen NH3-N .As a result the water environment of the ancient canal is protected.

Influence of bed elevation discordance on flow patterns and head losses in an open-channel confluence

Confluences play a major role in the dynamics of networks of natural and man-made open channels, and field measurements on river confluences reveal that discordance in bed elevation is common.Studies of schematized confluences with a step at the interface between the tributary and the main channel bed reveal that bed elevation discordance is an important additional control for the confluence hydrodynamics.This study aimed to improve understanding of the influence of bed elevation discordance on the flow patterns and head losses in a right-angled confluence of an open channel with rectangular cross-sections.A large eddy simulation (LES)-based numerical model was set up and validated with experiments by others.Four configurations with different bed discordance ratios were investigated.The results confirm that, with increasing bed elevation discordance, the tributary streamlines at the confluence interface deviate less from the geometrical confluence angle, the extent of the recirculation zone (RZ) gets smaller, the ratio of the water depth upstream to that downstream of the confluence decreases, and the water level depression reduces.The bed elevation discordance also leads to the development of a large-scale structure in the lee of the step.Despite the appearance of the large-scale structure, the reduced extent of the RZ and associated changes in flow deflection/contraction reduce total head losses experienced by the main channel with an increase of the bed discordance ratio.It turns out that bed elevation discordance converts the lateral momentum from the tributary to streamwise momentum in the main channel more efficiently.

Confluence and cold shut computation based on time field in casting simulation

Numerical simulation technology has been widely used in the foundry industry to analyze and improve casting processes.During the casting filling process,many filling-related defects form easily at the confluences of liquid metal streams.The main filling-related defects are cold shut defects.To calculate the positions of casting defects,the characteristics of liquid metal confluences were analyzed.The flow front of liquid metal was captured by the volume-of-fluid algorithm to obtain a time field,which was used to calculate the time derivatives of the liquid front position and the confluences of liquid metal streams.To distinguish small confluences from the main confluences,the concept of confluent scale was developed,which was used to filter the small confluences based on a threshold.The calculation process was demonstrated through the post-processing of numerical simulation.A "W" shaped casting and a steering wheel casting were calculated to validate the accuracy of the method developed in this study.The positions of cold shut defects were predicted by calculating the confluences of liquid metal streams.The method was proved to be practical by comparing the calculation results with the positions of cold shut defects in an end cover casting.The computation of confluences and cold shut defects can improve the analysis efficiency and provide assurance for the optimization of a casting process plan.

Managing injuries of hepatic duct confluence variants after major hepatobiliary surgery:An algorithmic approach

AIM:To investigate injuries of anatomy variants of hepatic duct confluence during hepatobiliary surgery and their impact on morbidity and mortality of these procedures. An algorithmic approach for the management of these injuries is proposed. METHODS:During a 6-year period 234 patients who had undergone major hepatobiliary surgery were retrospectively reviewed in order to study postoperative bile leakage. Diagnostic workup included endoscopic and magnetic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (E/MRCP), scintigraphy and fistulography. RESULTS:Thirty (12.8%) patients who developed postoperative bile leaks were identified. Endoscopic stenting and percutaneous drainage were successful in 23 patients with bile leaks from the liver cut surface. In the rest seven patients with injuries of hepatic duct confluence, biliary variations were recognized and a stepwise therapeutic approach was considered. Conservative management was successful only in 2 patients. Volume of the liver remnant and functional liver reserve as well as local sepsis were used as criteria for either resection of the corresponding liver segment or construction of a biliary-enteric anastomosis. Two deaths occurred in this group of patients with hepatic duct confluence variants (mortality rate 28.5%). CONCLUSION:Management of major biliary fistulaethat are disconnected from the mainstream of the biliary tree and related to injury of variants of the hepatic duct confluence is extremely challenging. These patients have a grave prognosis and an early surgical procedure has to be considered.

An Empirical Formula for Suspended Sediment Delivery Ratio of Main River after Confluence of Debris flow

In order to calculate the suspended sediment discharge of the flood debris flows into the main river,a small scale flume test was designed to simulate the process of confluence of Jiangjia Ravine and Xiangjiang River in Yunnan province,China.By test observation and data analysis,suspended sediment discharge of Debris flow after its entry into the main river was found to have a close relation with the bulk density,the confluence angle of the Debris flow and the main river,the ratio between per unit width discharge of Debris flow and main river.Based on the measured and simulated results,and statistical analysis,an empirical formula was proposed for the suspended SDR(Sediment Delivery Ratio) of the main river after the confluence of Debris flow.Compared with the observed results of Debris flow in 2009,the error between the data calculated by the empirical formula and the monitored data is only about 10%.

Intermittent portal triad clamping in resection of liver tumors involving the hepatocaval confluence

Objective: To review our experience in and the re-sults of resecting liver tumors involving the hepatoca-val confluence under intermittent portal triad clam-ping (PTC).Methods: Sixty-eight consecutive patients with livertumors involving the hepatocaval confluence under-went hepatectomies with liver parenchymal transec-tions under intermittent PTC.Results: All the tumors were successfully resected un-der PTC, except for one in which the infrahepatic in-ferior vena cava was concomitantly occluded in addi-tion to PTC. There was neither operative death noruncontrollable massive bleeding or air embolism oc-curred in our patients. The bleedings from the mainand short hepatic veins and right adrenal veins wereproperly managed during the operation, with a meanintraoperative blood loss of 1400 ml. Of the 68tumors resected, 65 were hepatocellular carcinomas(HCC). Their 1-, 2-, 3- and 4-year suvival rateswere 64.11%, 52. 82%, 44.90% and 36.98%, re-spectively, and the patients with HCC with capsulessurvived significantly longer than those with HCCwithout capsules.Conclusions: The liver tumors involving the hepato-caval confluence could be safely resected simply un-der PTC, without routine use of total hepatic vascu-lar exclusion. As for HCCs in this area, the tumorwith capsule is a better indicator for surgical resec-tion than that without capsule.

Liver tumors invading the hepatocaval confluence:treatment improvements still not completed

Also if rarely, hepatocellular carcinoma, cholangiocarcinoma, and metastatic carcinoma can invade the retrohepatic portion of the inferior vena cava （IVC）, because of the proximity of this vessel to the liver.

Foshan:Confluence of Tradition and Modernity

FOSHAN is an ancient city endowed with a bountiful culture.Located in the heartland of the vibrant Pearl River Delta,Foshan is west of Guangzhou,the capital of Guangdong Province,and gazes upon Hong Kong and Macao from the north.For centuries,Foshan has been the economic and trade center in this region,and known for its high-quality ceramic products throughout the country.In modern times,it has witnessed a growth

改进YoloV5的行人检测算法

针对在行人行进过程中出现拥挤、遮挡、目标尺寸小所导致的行人检测精度低和效果不佳等问题,通过修改YoloV5算法的backbone特征提取网络,加入注意力机制,优化后处理阶段的目标框选定方法等改进措施,提出一种基于YoloV5算法的YoloV5-PED改进算法。结果表明:与YoloV5算法相比,YoloV5-PED算法的平均精度均值(mAP)提升3.8%,验证该算法检测行人时具有良好的效果。

Confluence of asymmetric catalysis and electrosynthesis in sustainable chemical transformations

Electrosynthesis has gained widespread recognition for its extraordinary ability to precisely control the redox process.This outstanding capability enables the direct conversion of non-functionalized substrates into reactive intermediates by utilizing easily accessible starting materials, eliminating the need for preliminary functionalization procedures and allowing for unconventional bond activations.

Context-attributed graph grammar framework for specifying visual languages

Since the specifications of most of the existing context-sensitive graph grammars tend to be either too intricate or not intuitive, a novel context-sensitive graph grammar formalism, called context-attributed graph grammar（CAGG）, is proposed. In order to resolve the embedding problem, context information of a graph production in the CAGG is represented in the form of context attributes of the nodes involved. Moreover, several properties of a set of confluent CAGG productions are characterized, and then an algorithm based on them is developed to decide whether or not a set of productions is confluent, which provides the foundation for the design of efficient parsing algorithms. It can also be shown through the comparison of CAGG with several typical context-sensitive graph grammars that CAGG is more succinct and, at the same time, more intuitive than the others, making it more suitably and effortlessly applicable to the specification of visual languages.

Total Deformation and its Role in Heavy Precipitation Events Associated with Deformation-Dominant Flow Patterns

In this paper, it is elucidated that the total deformation （TD）, defined as the square root of the sum of squared stretching deformation and squared shearing deformation, is an invariant independent of the coordinate system used. An idealized flow field is then constructed to demonstrate the confluence effect of a non-divergent and irrotational deformation field on moisture transport. To explore the characteristics and role of TD, one heavy rainfall case that occurred in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River （MRYR） over China, associated with a front with shear line, is analyzed using the Weather Research and Forecasting （WRF） model output data. It is found that right before the occurrence of precipitation, the effect of the confluence induced by deformation on moisture transport provides a favorable condition for precipitation. During the precipitation, both location and orientation of the zone of large TD coincide with the confluent shear line. The rainhands are nearly parallel with, and located lightly to the south of the zones of large TD and the confluent shear line. The TD in the lower troposphere increases in value as precipitation persists. When TD approaches its maximal value, the next 6-hour precipitation reaches its peak correspondingly. A tendency equation for TD is derived. The analysis of linear correlation and RMS difference between individual terms in the total deformation equation and the sum of the terms shows that the pressure gradient plays a major role in determining the local change of total deformation.

Numerical Simulation of Interaction Between Tributary Debris Flow and Main River

Based on two-phase flow theory and shallow water flow assumption,a mathematical model is applied to simulate debris flow.The model considers a two-phase mixture of sediments and water fluid.Assuming that the sediments and the water fluid move downstream with the same velocity,the flow of the mixture is described using a two dimensional depth averaged model with a unique 2-D momentum equation and two mass balance e- quations for the mixture and the sediments,respectively.The finite volume method is used f...

Influences of local habitat, tributary position, and dam characteristics on fish assemblages within impoundments of low-head dams in the tributaries of the Qingyi River, China

Low-head dam impoundments modify local habitat and alter fish assemblages; however, to our knowledge, the pattern of how fish assemblages in the impoundments relate to local habitat, tributary position, and dam characteristics is still unclear. We used data collected in 62 impoundments created by low-head dams Jn headwater streams of the Qingyi River, China, to examine relationships between fish assemblages and local habitat, tributary position, and dam characteristics. We also assessed the relative importance of the three groups of factors in determining fish species richness and composition. Linear regression models showed that fish species richness was related to substrate heterogeneity, confluence link, and dam number upstream. Redundancy analysis showed that fish species compositions were influenced by substrate heterogeneity, confluence link, dam height, dam numbers upstream and downstream. Overall, dam characteristics were more important in affecting fish species richness but less important in determining fish species composition than local habitat （i.e., substrate heterogeneity） and tributary position. Our results suggest that low-head dam may affect fish species richness in impoundments by modifying local habitat and constraining fish movement, and the relative abundances of those fish species may depend more on species habitat presences and stream size than on impoundment size and number.

THE SIMULATION OF INTRASEASONAL ANOMALOUSLY ADVANCING AND RETREATING OF WESTERN PACIFIC SUBTROPICAL HIGH

Using IAP-AGCM, a model developed by the institute of atmospheric research, Academia Sinica,controlled numerital expertrients on SST and east Asian circulation have been performed and some conclusions have been reached as follows. The abnomality of subtropical high has a two-month remote lagging response to SSTA of the western tropical Pacific, the South China Sea and the Bay of Bengal. Theabnormality always appears in pair for the western Pacific subtrphal high and the eastern Pacific subtropical high, with the latter beginning earlier than the former. When the SST of the western trophalPacific, South China Sea and Bay of Bengal anomalously decreases (increases), the subtropical high iskept anomalously more t0 the south (north),consistently so is the location at which two zonal geopotential waves meet in the subtropical western Pacific. Under the action of the SSTA above and when ablocking pattern over east Asia continent appears, the assembling location of the joinin8 waves for thewestern Pacific is closely related to that of the blocking high, which is especially important to consistentabnormality of the subtropical high.

Mutual Interference of Two Debris Flow Deposits Delivered in a Downstream River Reach

We investigate experimentally the depositions of two contiguous debris flows flowing into a main river reach.The aim of the present experimental research is to analyze the geometry and the mutual interactions of debris flow deposits conveyed by these tributaries in the main channel.A set of 19 experiments has been conducted considering three values of the confluence angle,two slopes of the tributary,and three different triggering conditions(debris flows occurring simultaneously in the tributaries,or occurring first either in the upstream or in the downstream tributary).The flow rate along the main channel was always kept constant.During each experiment the two tributaries had the same slope and confluence angle.The analysis of the data collected during the experimental tests indicates that the volume of the debris fan is mainly controlled by the slope angle,as expected,while the shape of the debris deposit is strongly influenced by the confluence angle.Moreover,in the case of multiple debris flows,the deposit shape is sensitive to the triggering conditions.Critical index for damming formation available in literature has been considered and applied to the present case,and,on the basis of the collected data,considerations about possible extension of such indexes to the case of multiple confluences are finally proposed.

Some Results on the Confluence Property of Combined Term Rewriting Systems

Generally speaking,confluence property is not preserved when Term Rewriting Systems(TRSs) are combined,even if they are canonical.In this paper we give some sufficient conditions for ensuring the confluence property of combined left-linear,overlapping TRSs.

Influence of Cell Confluency on the Expression of the α4 Integrin Subunit of Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells

Integrins are a family of transmembrane glycoproteins that mediate cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix interactions. The integrin α4 subunit is widely expressed by cells from the immune system and its expression by non-hematopoietic cells is scarce. In the present study, gene and protein expression of this integrin subunit was characterized in proliferating and quiescent human RPE cells. Immunofluorescent studies confirm that the α4 subunit is expressed in vitro by RPE cells, a result that has been validated by immunofluorescence and FACS analyses. The accumulation of the α4 integrin at cell-cell junctions in post-confluent RPE cell cultures negatively correlated with the level of expression of the mRNA transcript. Accordingly, transient transfection analyses reveal that the α4 promoter activity is considerably reduced when RPE cells form a confluent monolayer. Moreover, transfection of recombinant constructs bearing 5’-deletions of the α4 promoter segment allows the localization of strong negative regulatory elements on the -76 to -300 region of the α4 gene suggesting that its expression is intimately linked to the proliferative state of primary cultured RPE cells.