Gelatin-Based Metamaterial Hydrogel Films with High Conformality for Ultra-Soft Tissue Monitoring

Implantable hydrogel-based bioelectronics(IHB)can precisely monitor human health and diagnose diseases.However,achieving biodegradability,biocompatibility,and high conformality with soft tissues poses significant challenges for IHB.Gelatin is the most suitable candidate for IHB since it is a collagen hydrolysate and a substantial part of the extracellular matrix found naturally in most tissues.This study used 3D printing ultrafine fiber networks with metamaterial design to embed into ultra-low elastic modulus hydrogel to create a novel gelatin-based conductive film(GCF)with mechanical programmability.The regulation of GCF nearly covers soft tissue mechanics,an elastic modulus from 20 to 420 kPa,and a Poisson’s ratio from-0.25 to 0.52.The negative Poisson’s ratio promotes conformality with soft tissues to improve the efficiency of biological interfaces.The GCF can monitor heartbeat signals and respiratory rate by determining cardiac deformation due to its high conformability.Notably,the gelatin characteristics of the biodegradable GCF enable the sensor to monitor and support tissue restoration.The GCF metamaterial design offers a unique idea for bioelectronics to develop implantable sensors that integrate monitoring and tissue repair and a customized method for endowing implanted sensors to be highly conformal with soft tissues.

Laccase/caffeic acid-catalyzed crosslinking coupled with galactomannan alters the conformational structure of ovalbumin and alleviates Th2-mediated allergic asthma

Ovalbumin(OVA)is the major allergenic protein that can induce T helper 2(Th2)-allergic reactions,for which current treatment options are inadequate.In this study,we developed a polymerized hypoallergenic OVA product via laccase/caffeic acid(Lac/CA)-catalyzed crosslinking in conjunction with galactomannan(Man).The formation of high molecular weight crosslinked polymers and the Ig G-binding were analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis(SDS-PAGE)and Western blotting.The study indicated that Lac/CA-catalyzed crosslinking plus Man conjugation substantially altered secondary and tertiary structures of OVA along with the variation in surface hydrophobicity.Gastrointestinal digestion stability assay indicated that crosslinked OVA exhibited less resistance in simulated gastric fluid(SGF)and simulated intestinal fluid(SIF).Mouse model study indicated that Lac-Man/OVA ameliorated eosinophilic airway inflammatory response and efficiently downregulated the expression of Th2-related cytokines(interleukin(IL)-4,IL-5,and IL-13),and upregulated IFN-γand IL-10 expression.Stimulation of bone marrow-derived dendritic cells with Lac-Man/OVA suppressed the expression of phenotypic maturation markers(CD80 and CD86)and MHC class II molecules,and suppressed the expression levels of proinflammatory cytokines.The knowledge obtained in the present study offers an effective way to acquire a hypoallergenic OVA product that can have a therapeutic effect in alleviating OVA-induced allergic asthma.

基于遮蔽多头注意力的CTC-Conformer中文语音识别模型

Conformer模型是语言处理任务中广泛应用的模型之一,其结合了Transformer模型和卷积神经网络的特点,既能捕捉到局部和全局的序列特征又能更好地理解输入数据的结构和上下文信息。然而,现有Conformer模型中的音频和文本之间对齐关系存在不确定性,同时模型采用的多头注意力还会将未来时间步输入信息泄漏到当前时间步。采用连接时序分类(Connectionist Temporal Classification, CTC)机制进行辅助训练,不仅可以提高基于Macaron-Net结构的Conformer模型鲁棒性,还可以解决音频和文本不对齐问题。在解码器部分,应用遮蔽多头自注意力机制以确保在t时刻模型无法查看未来时间步的输入信息,从而保证模型仅利用已生成的标记进行预测。实验结果表明,基于遮蔽多头注意力的CTC-Conformer模型相对于Conformer模型的字错率与损失率均有所下降,损失值最低达到了3.24。

基于YOLOV5+Conformer模型课堂智能监测系统设计研究

随着教育信息化的快速发展,针对传统课堂监测系统存在的精准度不足、数据单一、效率低下等问题,本研究创新性地提出一种高效的多模态交互智能监测系统。首先,针对现有高性能系统模型,设计对比测试方案,选用YOLOV5-BiFPN-Sdet(YOLOv5中S级双向特征金字塔检测模型)与Conformer(自注意力与卷积网络融合模型)两种卓越的模型。其次,构建总体框架与系统功能模块,保证软件设计的高品质与稳定性。最后,设计并实现直观、便捷的终端APP界面,优化硬件配置与软件交互体验。结果表明:该模型的应用显著增强系统精准性、效率与鲁棒性,为教育现代化与高质量课堂教学提供坚实技术支撑,具有广泛应用价值。

The Submanifolds with Parallel Mean Curvature Vector in a Locally Symmetric and Conformally Flat Riemannian Manifold

In the present paper we obtain the following result: Theorem Let M^R be a compact submanifold with parallel mean curvature vector in a locally symmetric and conformally flat Riemannian manifold N^(n+p)(p>1). If then M^n lies in a totally geodesic submanifold N^(n+1).

Low-Energy Electron Attachment to Serine Conformers： Shape Resonances and Dissociation Dynamics

Shape resonances of electron-molecule system formed in the low-energy electron attachment to four low-lying conformers of serine （serine 1, serine 2, serine 3, and serine 4） in gas phase are investigated using the quantum scattering method with the non-empirical model potentials in single-center expansion. In the attachment energy range of 0-10 eV, three shape resonances for serine 1, serine 2, and serine 4 and four shape resonances for serine 3 are predicted. The one-dimensional potential energy curves of the temporary negative ions of electron-serine are calculated to explore the correlations between the shape resonance and the bond cleavage. The bond-cleavage selectivity of the different resonant states for a certain conformer is demonstrated, and the recent experimental results about the dissociative electron attachment to serine are interpreted on the basis of present calculations.

基于改进Conformer的新闻领域端到端语音识别

目前,开源的中文语音识别数据集大多面向通用领域,缺少面向新闻领域的开源语音识别语料库,因此该文构建了面向新闻领域的中文语音识别数据集CH_NEWS_ASR,并使用ESPNET-0.9.6框架的RNN、Transformer和Conformer等模型对数据集的有效性进行了验证,实验表明,该文所构建的语料在最好的模型上CER为4.8%,SER为39.4%。由于新闻联播主持人说话语速相对较快,该文构建的数据集文本平均长度为28个字符,是Aishell_1数据集文本平均长度的2倍;且以往的研究中训练目标函数通常为基于字或词水平,缺乏明确的句子水平关系,因此该文提出了一个句子层级的一致性模块,与Conformer模型结合,直接减少源语音和目标文本的表示差异,在开源的Aishell_1数据集上其CER降低0.4%,SER降低2%;在CH_NEWS_ASR数据集上其CER降低0.9%,SER降低3%,实验结果表明,该方法在不增加模型参数量的前提下能有效提升语音识别的质量。

3D conformal radiotherapy combined with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization for hepatocellular carcinoma

AIM: To compare transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) and 3D conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT) with TACE monotherapy in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS: We searched all the eligible studies from the Cochrane Library, PubMed, Medline, Embase, and CNKI. The meta-analysis was performed to assess the survival benefit, tumor response, and the decline in alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) level. According to the heterogeneity of the studies, pooled OR with 95% CI were calculated using the fixed-effects or random-effects model. An observed OR > 1 indicated that the addition of 3D-CRT to TACE offered survival benefits to patients that could be considered statistically significant. Statistical analyses were performed using Review Manager Software. RESULTS: Ten studies met the criteria to perform a meta-analysis including 908 HCC participants, with 400 patients in the TACE/3D-CRT combination group and 508 in the TACE alone group. TACE combined with 3D-CRT significantly improved 1-, 2- and 3-year overall survival compared with TACE monotherapy (OR = 1.87, 95% CI: 1.37-2.55, P < 0.0001), (OR = 2.38, 95% CI: 1.78-3.17, P < 0.00001) and (OR = 2.97, 95% CI: 2.10-4.21, P < 0.00001). In addition, TACE plus 3DCRT was associated with a higher tumor response (complete remission and partial remission) (OR = 3.81; 95% CI: 2.70-5.37; P < 0.00001), and decline rates of AFP level (OR = 3.24, 95% CI: 2.09-5.02, P < 0.00001). CONCLUSION: This meta-analysis demonstrated that TACE combined with 3D-CRT was better than TACE monotherapy for patients with HCC, which needs to be confirmed by large multicenter trials. (C) 2014 Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.

High-strength and self-degradable sodium alginate/polyacrylamide preformed particle gels for conformance control to enhance oil recovery

Excess water production has become an important issue in the oil and gas extraction process.Preformed particle gels(PPGs),show the capability to control the conformance and reduce excess water cut.However,conventional PPGs have poor mechanical properties and their swollen particles are easily damaged by shearing force when passing through the fractures in formations,meanwhile PPGs can be also degraded into various byproducts,leading to permanent damage to the reservoir permeability after temporary plugging.Herein,a novel type of dual cross-linked PPGs(dPPGs)was designed and synthesized using sodium alginate(SA)and acrylamide(AAm),cross-linked with N,N’-methylenebisacrylamide(MBA)and Fe^(3+).Results show that dPPGs have excellent mechanical properties with a storage modulus up to 86,445 Pa,which is almost 20 times higher than other reported PPGs.Meanwhile,dPPGs can be completely degraded into liquid without any solid residues or byproducts and the viscosity of dPPGs degraded liquid was found to be lower than 5 mPa·s.A laboratory coreflooding test showed that the plugging efficiency of dPPGs was up to 99.83%on open fractures.The obtained results demonstrated that dPPGs could be used as economical and environment-friendly temporary plugging agent with high-strength,self-degradation,thermal stability,and salt stability,thus making it applicable to a wide range of conformance control to enhance oil recovery.

Conformal invariance and conserved quantity of Hamilton systems

This paper studies conformal invariance and conserved quantities of Hamilton system. The definition and the determining equation of conformal invariance for Hamilton system are provided. The relationship between the conformal invariance and the Lie symmetry are discussed, and the necessary and sufficient condition that the conformal invariance would be the Lie symmetry of the system under the infinitesimal one-parameter transformation group is deduced. It gives the conserved quantities of the system and an example for illustration.

Water shutoff and conformance improvement: an introduction

This paper provides an introduction to the topic of water shutoff and conformance improvement. After indicating the volumes of water produced during oilfield operations, a strategy is provided for attacking excess water production problems. Problem types are categorized, typical methods of problem diagnosis are mentioned, and the range of solutions is introduced for each problem type. In the third section of the paper, the concept of disproportionate permeability reduction is introduced—where polymers and gels may reduce permeability to water more than to oil or gas. When and where this property is of value is discussed. The fourth section describes the properties of formed gels as they extrude through fractures and how those properties can be of value when treating conformance problems caused by fractures. Section 5 covers the efficiency with which gels block fractures after gel placement—especially, the impact of fluids injected subsequent to the gel treatment.

Modeling and analysis of Schistosoma Argonaute protein molecular spatial conformation

Objective:To analyze the amino acid sequence composition,secondary structure,the spatial conformation of its domain and other characteristics of Argonaute protein.Methods:Bioinformatics tools and the internet server were used.Firstly,the amino acid sequence composition features of the Argonaute protein were analyzed,and the phylogenetic tree was constructed.Secondly,Argonaute protein's distribution of secondary structure and its physicochemical properties were predicted.Lastly,the protein functional expression form of the domain group was established through the Phyre-based analysis on the spatial conformation of Argonaute protein domains.Results:593 amino acids were encoded by Argonaute protein,the phylogenetic tree was constructed,and Argonaute protein's distribution of secondary structure and its physicochemical properties were obtained through analysis.In addition,the functional expression form which comprised the N-terminal PAZ domain and C-terminal Piwi domain for the Argonaute protein was obtained with Phyre.Conclusions:The information relationship between the structure and function of the Argonaute protein can be initially established with bioinformatics tools and the internet server,and this provides the theoretical basis for further clarifying the function of Schistosoma Argonaute protein.

Conformal invariance,Noether symmetry,Lie symmetry and conserved quantities of Hamilton systems

In this paper, the relation of the conformal invariance, the Noether symmetry, and the Lie symmetry for the Hamilton system is discussed in detail. The definition of the conformal invariance for Hamilton systems is given. The relation between the conformal invariance and the Noether symmetry is discussed, the conformal factors of the determining expressions are found by using the Noether symmetry, and the Noether conserved quantity resulted from the conformal invariance is obtained. The relation between the conformal invariance and the Lie symmetry is discussed, the conformal factors are found by using the Lie symmetry, and the Hojman conserved quantity resulted from the conformal invariance of the system is obtained. Two examples are given to illustrate the application of the results.

Binding of Pyrene to Different Molecular Weight Fractions of Dissolved Organic Matter:Effects of Chemical Composition and Steric Conformation

The binding constant（KDOM） of pyrene onto different molecular weight（Mw） fractions of a dissolved organic matter（DOM） extract from an estuarine sediment was measured via a fluorescence quenching method,and the possible binding mechanisms were discussed.The influence of water chemical parameters on pyrene binding was studied to elucidate the effects of DOM steric conformation.DOM fraction with larger M w（14000） showed a greater KDOM（2.02×10 5） than that with smaller Mw did,and the KDOMs were 1.16×105 and 1.13×105 for the fractions with M w of 1000―14000 and 1000,respectively.The K DOM s of different M w DOM fractions were correlated positively with the atomic ratio of C/H and absorbance at 280 nm;while a negative correlation existed between K DOM and（O＋C）/N（atomic ratio）,and K DOM and O-containing groups.These correlations indicate the positive influence of aromatic structure and the negative effect of polarity on DOM binding capacity.Infrared spectroscopy revealed that specific interactions existed between pyrene and the DOM fraction with larger M W besides hydrophobic partition,i.e.,NH-π interaction in DOM moiety（1000―14000） and π-π electron donor acceptor（EDA） forces in DOM moiety（14000）.KDOM varied in a complex pattern with increasing cation concentration and pH,which could be explained by the change in DOM steric conformation.Formed aggregates favored the lipophilic partition of pyrene.However,the accessibility to some interior binding sites became low when the aggregate was too large,leading to a reduced KDOM.

Non-Noether symmetries of Hamiltonian systems with conformable fractional derivatives

In this paper, we present the fractional Hamilton＇s canonical equations and the fractional non-Noether symmetry of Hamilton systems by the conformable fractional derivative. First/y, the exchanging relationship between isochronous variation and fractional derivatives, and the fractional Hamilton principle of the system under this fractional derivative are proposed. Secondly, the fractional Hamilton＇s canonical equations of Hamilton systems based on the Hamilton principle are established. Thirdly, the fractional non-Noether symmetries, non-Noether theorem and non-Noether conserved quantities for the Hamilton systems with the conformable fractional derivatives are obtained. Finally, an example is given to illustrate the results.

Array gain for a conformal acoustic vector sensor array:An experimental study

An acoustic vector sensor can measure the components of particle velocity and the acoustic pressure at the same point simultaneously, which provides a larger array gain against the ambient noise and a higher angular resolution than the omnidirectional pressure sensor. This paper presents an experimental study of array gain for a conformal acoustic vector sensor array in a practical environment. First, the manifold vector is calculated using the real measured data so that the effects of array mismatches can be minimized. Second, an optimal beamformer with a specific spatial response on the basis of the stable directivity of the ambient noise is designed, which can effectively suppress the ambient noise. Experimental results show that this beamformer for the conformal acoustic vector sensor array provides good signal-to- noise ratio enhancement and is more advantageous than the delay-and-sum and minimum variance distortionless response beamformers.

Conformal Human–Machine Integration Using Highly Bending‑Insensitive,Unpixelated,and Waterproof Epidermal Electronics Toward Metaverse

Efficient and flexible interactions require precisely converting human intentions into computer-recognizable signals,which is critical to the breakthrough development of metaverse.Interactive electronics face common dilemmas,which realize highprecision and stable touch detection but are rigid,bulky,and thick or achieve high flexibility to wear but lose precision.Here,we construct highly bending-insensitive,unpixelated,and waterproof epidermal interfaces(BUW epidermal interfaces)and demonstrate their interactive applications of conformal human–machine integration.The BUW epidermal interface based on the addressable electrical contact structure exhibits high-precision and stable touch detection,high flexibility,rapid response time,excellent stability,and versatile“cut-and-paste”character.Regardless of whether being flat or bent,the BUW epidermal interface can be conformally attached to the human skin for real-time,comfortable,and unrestrained interactions.This research provides promising insight into the functional composite and structural design strategies for developing epidermal electronics,which offers a new technology route and may further broaden human–machine interactions toward metaverse.

Exact solutions of stochastic fractional Korteweg de–Vries equation with conformable derivatives

We deal with the Wick-type stochastic fractional Korteweg de–Vries(KdV) equation with conformable derivatives.With the aid of the Exp-function method, white noise theory, and Hermite transform, we produce a novel set of exact soliton and periodic wave solutions to the fractional KdV equation with conformable derivatives. With the help of inverse Hermite transform, we get stochastic soliton and periodic wave solutions of the Wick-type stochastic fractional KdV equation with conformable derivatives. Eventually, by an application example, we show how the stochastic solutions can be given as Brownian motion functional solutions.

基于Conformer的端到端语音识别方法

针对Conformer编码器的声学输入网络对FBank语音信息提取不足和通道特征信息缺失问题,提出一种RepVGG-SE-Conformer的端到端语音识别方法。首先,利用RepVGG的多分支结构,增强模型的语音信息提取能力,而在模型推理时通过结构重参数化将多分支融合为单分支,以降低计算复杂度、加快模型推理速度。然后,利用基于压缩和激励网络的通道注意力机制弥补缺失的通道特征信息,以提高语音识别准确率。最后,在公开数据集Aishell-1上的实验结果表明:相较于Conformer,所提出方法的字错误率降低了10.67%,验证了方法的先进性。此外,RepVGG-SE声学输入网络能够有效提高多种Transformer变体的端到端语音识别模型的整体性能,具有很好的泛化能力。

Computational Studies on the Ground State Tautomer,Hydrogen Conformations and Vibrational Spectroscopic Analysis of Antitumor Agents:3-Deazauracil and 6-Azauracil

The ground state hydrogen conformations and vibrational analysis of 3-deazauracil(3DAU)and 6-azauracil(6AU)tautomers(4-enol and 2,4-diol forms)have been calculated using ab initio Hartree-Fock(HF)and density functional theory(B3LYP)methods with 6-311++G(d,p)basis set level.The calculations have shown that the most probably preferential tautomer of 3DAU and 6AU are the 4-enol form,which gives best fit to the corresponding experimental data.The ground state conformer of the 2,4-diol form has two O—H bonds which are oriented externally and internally(to the N—H bond).The vibrational analyses of the ground state conformer of each tautomeric form of 3DAU and 6AU were done and their optimized geometry parameters(bond lengths and bond angles)were given.Furthermore,from the correlations values it was concluded that the B3LYP method is superior to the HF method for both the vibrational frequencies and the geometric parameters.