A novel DOA estimation algorithm using directional antennas in cylindrical conformal arrays

In this paper, a novel direction of arrival(DOA) estimation algorithm using directional antennas in cylindrical conformal arrays(CCAs) is proposed. To eliminate the shadow effect, we divide the CCAs into several subarrays to obtain the complete output vector. Considering the anisotropic radiation pattern of a CCA, which cannot be separated from the manifold matrix, an improved interpolation method is investigated to transform the directional subarray into omnidirectional virtual nested arrays without non-orthogonal perturbation on the noise vector. Then, the cross-correlation matrix(CCM) of the subarrays is used to generate the consecutive co-arrays without redundant elements and eliminate the noise vector. Finally, the full-rank equivalent covariance matrix is constructed using the output of co-arrays,and the unitary estimation of the signal parameters via rotational invariance techniques(ESPRIT) is performed on the equivalent covariance matrix to estimate the DOAs with low computational complexity. Numerical simulations verify the superior performance of the proposed algorithm, especially under a low signal-to-noise ratio(SNR) environment.

Characteristic-Based Time Domain Method for Cylindrically Conformal Microstrip Patch Antennas

The characteristics of a cylindrical conformal microstrip patch antenna are analyzed by using the characteristic-based time domain （CBTD） method. A governing equation in the cylindrical coordinate system is formulated directly to facilitate the analysis of cylindrically conformal microstrip patch antennas. The algorithm has second-order accuracy both in time and space domain and has the potential to eliminate the spurious wave reflection from the numerical boundaries of the computational domain, Numerical results demonstrate the important merits and accuracy of the proposed technique in computational electromagnetics,

Direction of arrival estimation on cylindrical conformal array using RARE

When the information of mutual coupling and shadowing effect of a conformal antenna array are unknown, the performance of direction of arrival （DOA） estimation will be seriously degraded by using some classical methods, such as the multiple signal classification （MUSIC） algorithm. Meanwhile it is difficult to measure or estimate the shadowing effect. The DOA estimation for a conformal uniform circular array （UCA） is studied. Firstly, the azimuthal angle is separated from all the unknown information by transforming the UCA from the element space to the mode space. Then the rank reduction （RARE） algorithm is applied in the estima- tion of the azimuthal angle. The π ambiguity existed in the RARE is solved by the beam forming. The main advantage of this method is that it does not need to measure the mutual coupling and the shadowing effect. Compared with the subarray method, it will not decrease the aperture of the array. Simulation results validate the advantages of the method.

Study on Clutter Model and Characteristics of Airborne Radar with Parabolic Conformal Phased Array

The studies on clutter modeling and suppression of airborne radar with a parabolic conformal array are uncommon due to the complexity of this type of antenna array configuration.The correct understanding of clutter characteristics for airborne radar with a parabolic conformal antenna array is the prerequisite and foundation of optimal suppression of this type of clutter.This paper establishes the model of clutter echo of airborne parabolic conformal phased array radar and analyzes the structure characteristics and the distribution features of this type of clutter.The simulation results show that this type of clutter has the following characteristics：1） The main lobe on the azimuth is seriously broadened,2） the power spectrum presents strong heterogeneity,and 3） the freedom degrees are high.Based on the existing related clutter suppression methods,we verified the correctness of the constructed clutter model.This work has an important guidance to further study on clutter suppression methods in airborne parabolic conformal array radar.

机载分布式智能蒙皮波束综合算法研究

针对机载智能蒙皮天线孔径共形和分布化的特点,开展了基于Broyden族算法的波束综合优化研究。算法以最小化副瓣电平为优化目标,通过K-S函数连续化处理,实现低副瓣波束赋形。通过不同的加权方式对算法的有效性进行了验证,相与遗传算法(genetic algorithm,GA)等随机优化算法,本文算法收敛速度快,能够避免陷入局部最优,适用于大规模非均匀共形天线阵列,具有较高的工程应用价值。

共形天线表面微小焊盘视觉定位算法设计

共形天线是一种特殊形态的新型雷达天线,具有低剖面性以及低散射面积,是未来雷达天线发展的重要趋势之一。当前,共形天线的装配方式正由人工装配转向自动化装配以提升生产效率和批产一致性,但共形天线表面的焊盘尺寸小,数量多且分布在复杂曲面上,现有视觉定位算法难以满足实际使用需求。为此,文中提出了一种多目标亚像素定位算法。该算法结合了模板匹配和亚像素定位算法,可以同时给出多个焊盘的精准位置信息。由仿真分析与实验验证可知,该算法的视觉定位精度可达5μm,有效提升了共形天线的装配质量。

3D打印技术在机载超宽带共形天线中的应用研究

为提高共形相控阵天线的设计制造效率,在平面紧耦合天线的基础上,设计了与飞机襟翼曲面共形的紧耦合超宽带相控阵天线。按照共形天线的安装要求,提出了混合3D打印技术,即采用熔融堆积成型技术及微滴喷射成型技术实现襟翼流线型曲面模型的打印,并完成了紧耦合天线辐射层的打印,验证了3D打印技术在共形天线上的应用。加上馈电结构后对单元电压驻波比(voltage standing wave ratio, VSWR)和方向图进行了测试,结果表明所设计的天线在0.4~2.0 GHz范围内,VSWR、单元方向图和阵列方向图符合设计技术指标,为后续共形天线设计和加工提供了技术基础。

三维立体电路自动化组装焊接加工研究

目前,共形天线是我国在预警探测领域的研究热点,其表面分布的三维立体电路由传统人工组装焊接,效率低,批产一致性差,严重制约了共形天线的大规模工程应用。国内关于共形天线的研究主要集中在结构设计方面,尚未实现共形天线表面三维立体电路的自动化组装焊接。文中针对三维立体电路组装焊接需求,设计了自动化加工设备;针对理论模型与实际工件存在差异的问题,提出了基于三维点云数据的路径生成方法,以旋转矩阵代替传统由轴-角表示的三维旋转,简化三维立体电路待加工点的旋转模型,为路径生成提供了更为高效和精确的计算方式。实体加工实验表明,文中设计的设备及提出的路径生成方法可高精度、高质量地完成三维立体电路自动化组装焊接加工。

某充气气囊天线设计

柔性天线与浮空器本体共形,可实现大型雷达天线的轻量化设计,是充分利用浮空器平台获取大视距探测优势的技术基础。文中研制了一套充气气囊天线,根据任务需求与生产加工能力,合理进行布局设计;通过仿真分析与样件试制,合理选材并确定囊体工作压差。经多次试制迭代后,固化成型方案并完成样机研制。为评价样机指标符合性,采用结构及电性能两个维度对样机进行考核。结构方面,样机外观、尺寸、反射面变形、天线垂直度、保型时长等均满足需求;电性能方面,采用无源驻波指标判定辐射单元性能,通过分析发射方向图、接收方向图数据,测定样机满足了天线增益、副瓣电平和波束宽度等指标。

用于油气井RFID扶正器激活的阅读器共形天线设计

基于油气井井下环境的特点,为实现井下扶正器的远程控制,同时改正射频识别(RFID)阅读器天线电磁波强度衰减过大、辐射性能差等缺陷,设计一种共形于井下管道的RFID扶正器阅读器偶极子天线。依据天线设计的基本理论,利用天线弯折技术,将该天线结构设计为倒“U”型,实现与套管相共形;通过仿真扫频分析优化天线参数,分析天线主要结构对性能的影响。结果表明,设计的天线最终的中心频率为860 MHz,在该频率下天线输入端口反射系数为-21.05 dB,增益为2.2 dB,天线尺寸为11 mm×148.44 mm,天线的性能满足设计需求,可用于套管扶正器等井下工具的无线控制。

具有全向波束高增益的引信共形阵列天线

针对对地弹药引信天线不能满足宽落角探测需求的问题,提出一种基于共形阵列天线技术的宽波束产生方法,通过采用偶极子、微带天线阵列共形于引信风帽内腔表面,实现侧向全向辐射特性。该方法设计的天线可以随风帽的形状而改变,不占用其余空间。经测试验证表明该天线在H面具有全向辐射特性且增益较高。

载体共形北斗微带天线设计

载体共形北斗天线是飞行载体北斗定位系统的重要组成部分,柱体是构成各种飞行器的基本结构,为了得到一种简便易行、适用于“一类”大长径比柱面的载体共行北斗天线设计方法,论文以23 mm飞行载体为背景,用贴片的方式将单元天线贴附于柱体上,采用侧馈的馈电方式,通过四分之一阻抗变换器与特性阻抗为50Ω的馈线(线宽2.8 mm)连接。仿真结果表明:设计的载体共形北斗微带天线谐振频率为1.563 GHz,在北斗B1频段内同时谐振点处S参数为-40.2017 dB,天线增益方向图呈现E全向,H面定向的效果,可在载体升降过程中应用,并实现法向全向接收。

Design of compact integrated diamond nitrogen-vacancy center quantum probe

An integrated quantum probe for magnetic field imaging is proposed,where the nitrogen–vacancy(NV)center fixed at the fiber tip is located on the periphery of flexible ring resonator.Using flexible polyimide(PI)as the substrate medium,we design a circular microstrip antenna,which can achieve a bandwidth of 140 MHz at Zeeman splitting frequency of 2.87 GHz,specifically suitable for NV center experiments.Subsequently,this antenna is seamlessly fixed at a three-dimensional-printed cylindrical support,allowing the optical fiber tip to extend out of a dedicated aperture.To mitigate errors originating from processing,precise tuning within a narrow range can be achieved by adjusting the conformal amplitude.Finally,we image the microwave magnetic field around the integrated probe with high resolution,and determine the suitable area for placing the fiber tip(SAP).

Electrohydrodynamic lithography of metallic mesh for optically transparent flexible and conformal antennas

The optically transparent antenna is becoming a very attractive proposition for various applications, such as wearable devices and vehicle radars. The fabrication of transparent flexible/conformal antennas is a long-lasting interest in academia and industry.However, the preparation of radio-frequency radiators with excellent conductivity and optical transmittance is still quite challenging. Herein, we introduce a facile approach to directly fabricate optically transparent flexible and conformal coplanar waveguide-fed antennas using programmable electrohydrodynamic lithography. Metallic meshes with transmittance above 90%have been successfully created based on the conformal electrohydrodynamic printing of high-viscosity photoresist masks, and the corresponding sheet resistance can be tuned down to ~2 Ω/□. Then, the geometrical structure of the proposed transparent antenna has been systematically optimized because of the basic radio frequency components, including the radiator, feeder line,ground plane, and size of metallic meshes. Optically transparent flexible and conformal antennas are finally obtained, presenting an optical transmittance of 92% and 55%, respectively. The simulated and measured results demonstrate that the transparent antennas with a good optoelectronic performance indeed exhibit a nice electromagnetic behavior. We believe that this newly developed conformal electrohydrodynamic lithography method can be utilized to fabricate a variety of other transparent electronic devices, such as transparent electromagnetic shielding meshes on aircraft canopies, in the future.

一种圆柱共形数字阵列天线波束跟踪与指向技术

针对圆柱形布阵的数字阵列天线,分析基于多重信号分类(multiple signal classification,MUSIC)算法的测角跟踪算法和基于线性约束最小方差(linear constrained minimum variance,LCMV)的波束指向算法,提出将2种算法联合使用的方法;并分析通道误差对MUSIC和LCMV算法精度的影响。结果表明,该方法为高速飞行器圆柱共形数字阵列天线工程化研制提供了理论依据。

一种用于应急通信的双枝节可穿戴织物接收天线研究

随着现代应急系统的逐渐完善与通信技术的飞速发展,应急单兵通信装备中的天线结构正朝着小型化和可共形化的方向发展,通信频段朝着多频段和宽带化的方向发展。天线作为无线通信系统中重要的无线收发器件,其通信性能对无线通信系统影响至关重要。本文通过高频仿真软件HFSS研究设计了一款可用于应急救援的双枝节结构共面波导织物天线,并通过射频基础公式计算出谐振频点,以简单的双枝杈结构作为辐射体,接地面为倒三角形,使整体表面结构能与臂章共形,达到可穿戴的目的。其覆盖的频段为1.5~2.09GHz和2.54~3.09GHz,增益为0.1~2.9 dBi,效率为53%~60%。该天线可用于2G、FDD、F频段、5G中2.6 GHz频段和卫星接收频段。

直升机共形天线复合材料蜂窝夹层结构成型技术研究

一方面分析共形天线蜂窝夹层结构的特点和成型难点,另一方面通过铺层优化、辐射体表面处理、蜂窝预固化和共固化工艺参数调整等措施,提升共形天线的质量。产品试制表明,在成型U形结构共形天线时,先对蜂窝进行预成型,再将蜂窝、辐射体和蒙皮进行共固化,能够得到质量良好的共形天线,而且蒙皮、蜂窝和辐射体之间不易脱黏。同时,在共固化过程中设置合理的温度参数,能够有效降低产品的变形量,保证其外观质量。

Novel Closed-Form Solution for Analyzing Mutual Coupling Between Cylindrical Comformal Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antennas

Based on the integral equation formulations and the moment method, a novel closed form solution for analyzing the mutual coupling effect between the cylindrical comformal rectangular microstrip patch antennas is presented. By using this algorithm, the elements of the impedance matrix and exciting vector are cast into closed forms, thus the computational efficiency is improved dramatically. Numerical results are presented to verify the validity and reliability of the algorithm.

带有扼流槽结构的共形波导缝隙阵列天线研究

设计了一款与圆柱面共形的宽边纵缝波导缝隙阵列天线,波导间采用扼流槽结构设计,抑制了表面波的影响、提高了天线增益。仿真结果表明:优化后的扼流槽结构可使共形阵列天线中间波导的互耦系数减小4.4 dB,两侧波导间的互耦系数减小3.6 dB;扼流槽结构参与了阵列天线微波辐射,提高了阵列天线的方向性;阵列天线的增益达23.3 dB,口径辐射效率达67.5%。实验结果表明,共形波导缝隙阵列天线实测增益达22.1 dB(含功分网络损耗1.1 dB),实测天线口径辐射效率达66.0%,功率容量达1.1 GW。实验结果与仿真结果基本吻合。

天线共形飞艇的盘旋飞行控制设计

天线共形飞艇携带雷达在空中抵近侦察时,在指定空域进行盘旋飞行,其盘旋飞行性能直接影响搭载的雷达性能,为实现控制飞艇在盘旋飞行时的航线位置跟踪、姿态稳定,建立了含风场特性的通用六自由度非线性模型,并利用小扰动线性化方法将运动模型线性化。在此基础上,本文针对该飞行场景设计一种外环基于自适应PID+内环线性自抗扰法的双闭环盘旋飞行控制方法,并经过实际飞行验证,证明了控制方法的有效性,给出飞艇实际空中盘旋飞行姿态波动范围,为后续天线共形飞艇搭载雷达提供设计参考。