Design-Rule-Aware Congestion Model with Explicit Modeling of Vias and Local Pin Access Paths

As technology advances, there is a considerable gap between the congestion model used in global routing and the routing resource consumption in detailed routing. The new factors contributing to congestion include local pin access paths, vias, and various design rules. In this paper, we propose a practical congestion model with measurement of the impact of design rules, and resources consumed by vias and local pin access paths. The model is compatible with path search algorithms commonly used in global routing. Validated by full-flow routing, this congestion model correlates better with real resource consumption situation in detailed routing, compared with previous work. It leads to better solution quality and shorter runtime of detailed routing when it is used in the layer assignment phase of global routing stage.

穿浪双体船总体设计载荷研究

为了比较分析不同高速船规范的适用性,根据DNV、ABS、CCS和LR规范中关于高速双体船波浪载荷的评估方法,分别对一高速穿浪双体船进行了总体波浪设计载荷的评估。同时对该穿浪双体船进行了水池模型试验,包含规则波与不规则波的试验。试验对该双体船的纵垂向弯矩、横垂向弯矩、横向扭矩和纵摇有关扭矩进行了测量,分析了其传递函数和统计特性。根据对纵垂向弯矩、横垂向弯矩、横向扭矩和纵摇有关扭矩在规范与试验之间的比较分析表明,DNV规范中关于该穿浪双体船总体波浪设计载荷的评估与模型试验值最接近,CCS规范次之,ABS和LR规范中关于该穿浪双体船的总体波浪设计载荷的评估值较试验值大很多,尤其是横向波浪设计载荷的评估。通过对规范计算的总体波浪载荷与模型试验结果及其推断值的比较分析,进一步明确了现行规范对该双体船波浪设计载荷评估的适用性:采用DNV和CCS规范对该双体船进行结构设计是合理的;采用ABS和LR规范将偏于安全和保守。

BDRouter:拐弯数密度驱动的总体布线算法

拐弯优化是布线阶段考虑的重要问题之一。该文提出了一种考虑拐弯优化的总体布线算法BDRouter来同时考虑减少布线拐弯数和拐弯密度。这有助于在布线阶段减少通孔并给必要的通孔增加可能的冗余通孔位置,以此来增强可制造性、可靠性和提高成品率。实验测试表明:该文算法与已有典型算法相比,在线长不增加或增加不超过10%的前提下,能够减少约50%的拐弯数,并降低约20%的拐弯数标准差。