Left- and Right-Handers May Unintentionally Apply Different Cognitive Strategies in Response to Situational Demands: Study Using the Block-Wise Proportion Congruency Effect

We investigated the effects of handedness on developing latent cognitive response strategies according to situation variables. We used the findings of the block-wise Proportion Congruency (PC) effect in which the proportion of congruent trials in a given block modulates the compatibility effect in its block. The block-wise PC effect cannot be intentionally controlled. A Simon task with three different types of Proportion Congruency (PC) in a given block was used to measure the block-wise PC effects. This task was administered to 24 left-handed and 24 right-handed participants. The reaction time and error rates, consistent with previous studies, demonstrated that the block-wise PC effect was observed in left- and right-handers. Crucially, the block-wise PC effect was more pronounced in left- than right-handers, suggesting that left- and right-handers unintentionally apply different cognitive strategies in response to conflict resolution experiences.

The Smell of Success?—The Impact of Perfume-Gender Congruency on Ratings of Attraction and the Halo Effect

Research into the concept of attraction has indicated the existence of olfactory influences that go beyond pheromonal level. Synthetic fragrances have been found to affect not only perception of attraction, but also attribution of beauty-unrelated intrinsic characteristics. The present study aimed to examine the impact of perfume-gender congruency on ratings of attractiveness and any perfume-generated halo effect. Male faces categorized as low, medium and high attractiveness were rated by 36 heterosexual female students across six domains: attractive, reliable, outgoing, intelligent, wealthy and socially competent. Ratings were made in the presence of a female perfume (incongruent condition), male perfume (congruent condition) or a no perfume control condition, with participants randomly allocated to produce three groups of equal size. The results indicated that 1) attractiveness generated a significant halo effect;2) the male perfume did not significantly enhance perception of attractiveness compared to the female perfume;and 3) the gender-congruent fragrance heightened attribution of “halo” characteristics. These results indicate that gender congruent perfume can impact positively on first impressions beyond attractiveness, and are discussed in terms of possible mechanisms and implications.

Fabric Defect Detection Using Independent Component Analysis and Phase Congruency

A novel method based on independent component analysis and phase congruency is proposed for detecting defects in textile fabric images. By independent component, we can obtain textile structural features of fabric-free images. By phase congru- ency, structure information is reduced, which can distinguish the defect region from the defect-free regions. Finally, we have the detecting result from binary image which is obtained by a thresh- old step, Compared with other algorithms, the proposed method not only has robustness with high detection rate, but also detects various types of defects quite well.

The Deformation Analysis of the 3D Alignment Control Network Based on the Multiple Congruence Models

In the construction and maintenance of particle accelerators,all the accelerator elements should be installed in the same coordinate system,only in this way could the devices in the actual world be consistent with the design drawings.However,with the occurrence of the movements of the reinforced concrete cover plates at short notice or building deformations in the long term,the control points upon the engineering structure will be displaced,and the fitness between the subnetwork and the global control network may be irresponsible.Therefore,it is necessary to evaluate the deformations of the 3D alignment control network.Different from the extant investigations,in this paper,to characterize the deformations of the control network,all of the congruent models between the points measured in different epochs have been identified,and the congruence model with the most control points is considered as the primary or fundamental model,the remaining models are recognized as the additional ones.Furthermore,the discrepancies between the primary S-transformation parameters and the additional S-transformation parameters can reflect the relative movements of the additional congruence models.Both the iterative GCT method and the iterative combinatorial theory are proposed to detect multiple congruence models in the control network.Considering the actual work of the alignment,it is essential to identify the competitive models in the monitoring network,which can provide us a hint that,even the fitness between the subnetwork and the global control network is good,there are still deformations which may be ignored.The numerical experiments show that the suggested approaches can describe the deformation of the 3D alignment control network roundly.

Some Implications of the Gessel Identity

We generalize the congruences of Friedmann-Tamarkine (1909), Lehmer (1938), and Ernvall-Metsänkyla (1991) on the sums of powers of integers weighted by powers of the Fermat quotients to the next Fermat quotient power, namely to the third power of the Fermat quotient. Using this result and the Gessel identity (2005) combined with our past work (2021), we are able to relate residues of some truncated convolutions of Bernoulli numbers with some Ernvall-Metsänkyla residues to residues of some full convolutions of the same kind. We also establish some congruences concerning other related weighted sums of powers of integers when these sums are weighted by some analogs of the Teichmüller characters.

The Effect of Emotional Conflict on Attention Allocation: An Event-Related Potential Study

Attention allocation research frequently focuses on the valence of emotion. However, there is increasing evidence to indicate that arousal may be more relevant at some stages of affective processing. The present study employed a combined priming and cue-target paradigm and examined event-related potentials (ERPs) in order to explore the effects of emotional conflict of arousal on attention allocation. The background context of arousal was manipulated (using photos of facial expressions) while subjects performed a cognitive task in which a central arrow cue indicated the location of a peripheric target square, and a response was made according to the direction of the square. There was no main effect between incongruent emotion and congruent emotion in the response time, which means the resolution of the emotional conflict facilitate the participant behavioral response. There was a main effect of different emotional states on ERP component. In the present study, incongruent arousal also triggered greater positive potential compared with congruent arousal.

No-Reference Stereo Image Quality Assessment Based on Transfer Learning

In order to apply the deep learning to the stereo image quality evaluation,two problems need to be solved:The first one is that we have a bit of training samples,another is how to input the dimensional image’s left view or right view.In this paper,we transfer the 2D image quality evaluation model to the stereo image quality evaluation,and this method solves the first problem;use the method of principal component analysis is used to fuse the left and right views into an input image in order to solve the second problem.At the same time,the input image is preprocessed by phase congruency transformation,which further improves the performance of the algorithm.The structure of the deep convolution neural network consists of four convolution layers and three maximum pooling layers and two fully connected layers.The experimental results on LIVE3D image database show that the prediction quality score of the model is in good agreement with the subjective evaluation value.

A SPECIAL KIND OF PRINCIPAL CONGRUENCES ON MS-ALGEBRAS

In this article, for any a in the MS-algebra L, the author considers the con- gruence of the form defined by （x,y） ∈θa→←x∧a°° = y ∧a° and x ∨ a°° = y ∨ a°°. A characterization of subdirectly irreducible MS-algebras is given and it is also proved that the union of two principal congruences having this form is a principal congruence if and only if L ∈ K2 ∨ K3.

Architectures and Algorithms of Generalized Congruence Neural Networks

In this paper a novel class of neural networks called generalized congruence neural networks (GCNN) is proposed. All neurons in the neural networks are activated in the form of congruence. The architectures, learning rules and two algorithms are presented. Simulation results indicate that such network has satisfactory generalization properties near the sample points. Since this kind of neural nets can be easily operated and implemented, it is appropriate to make further research concerning the theory and applications of GCNN.

SOME SUBGROUPS OF THE EXTENDED HECKE GROUPS H^－（λq）

The authors consider the extended Hecke groups H(γq) generated by T(z) = -1 / z, S(z) = -1(z +γq) and R(z) = 1 / z with A, = 2 cos(π/q) for q≥3 an integer. In this paper, the even subgroup He(γq), the second commutator subgroup H''(γq) and the principal congruence subgroups Hp(λq) of the extended Hecke groups .H(γq) are studied. Also, relations between them are given.

ON SYMMETRIC EXTENDED MS-ALGEBRAS WHOSE CONGRUENCES ARE PERMUTABLE

Algebras whose congruences are permutable were investigated by a number of authors in the literature. In this paper, we study the symmetric extended MS-algebras whose congruences are permutable. Some results obtained by Jie Fang on symmetric extended De Morgan algebras are generalized.

SOME REMARKS ON (L)-GREEN’S RELATIONS AND STRONGLY RPP SEMIGROUPS

In order to study rpp semigroups, in particular, some special cases, several facts on （l）-Green’s relations and strongly rpp semigroups are given as some remarks.

An Algebra of Fuzzy (<i>m</i>, <i>n</i>)-Semihyperrings

We propose a new class of algebraic structure named as (m, n)-semihyperring which is a generalization of usual semihyperring. We define the basic properties of (m, n)-semihyperring like identity elements, weak distributive (m, n)-semihyperring, zero sum free, additively idempotent, hyperideals, homomorphism, inclusion homomorphism, congruence relation, quotient (m, n)-semihyperring etc. We propose some lemmas and theorems on homomorphism, congruence relation, quotient (m, n)-semihyperring, etc. and prove these theorems. We further extend it to introduce the relationship between fuzzy sets and (m, n)-semihyperrings and propose fuzzy hyperideals and homomorphism theorems on fuzzy (m, n)-semihyperrings and the relationship between fuzzy (m, n)-semihyperrings and the usual (m, n)-semihyper-rings.

Phylogenetic definitions for 25 higher-level clade names of birds

Knowledge of the higher-level phylogenetic relationships of birds has grown substantially during the past two decades due to the application of genomic data.However,the nomenclature of higher-level taxa has not become more stable,due to the lack of regulation of taxon names above the level of superfamily by the ICZN,and the usage of rank-based nomenclature,which is not tied to clades in a phylogeny.Lack of regulation and the instability of rank-based nomenclature impede effective communication among systematists.We review support for higher-level avian clades using a set of 10 phylogenomic data sets,and identify clades that are supported by congruency of at least four of these.We provide formal definitions of the names of these clades based on the rules of the recently published PhyloCode.The names of 25 clades are here defined using minimum-crown-clade(n=23),minimum-clade(n=1)and maximum-crown-clade(n=1)definitions.Five new names are introduced here:Dinocrypturi,Pteroclimesites,Musophagotides,Phaethoquornithes and Pelecanes.We also review diagnostic apomorphies of the relevant clades,and identify known synonyms and homonyms.By establishing a formal link between higher-level taxon names and well-supported phylogenetic hypotheses,our phylogenetic definitions will provide a solid basis for the stabilization of avian higher-level nomenclature.

Dynamic analysis of redesigned systems using algebraic method

This study investigates the redesign of a structural system with the matrix modification. The inertia congruence transformation is adopted to find the latent roots of a dynamic stiffness matrix, and a method for determining its eigenvalue is proposed. The characteristics of the latent vector for a known latent root and a method for computing it are studied. The mode shapes of the redesigned structure must be differently handled based on whether the structure exhibits persistent or non-persistent natural frequencies.

Stonean Kernels of MS-algebras

In this paper, the internal structures of MS-algebras are investigated by means of the new notions of Stonean kernel and M-ideal. We determine necessary and sufficient conditions for an MS-algebra with a Kleene skeleton. After introducing a special kind of principal congruence, we consider the relationship between an MS-algebra and its quotient algebra.

REESSE Unified Recursive Algorithm for Solving Three Computational Problems

Different from the extended Euclidean algorithm which can compute directly only the multiplicative inverse of an element in Zm^＊ and the greatest common divisor of two integers, a recursive algorithm called REESSE is designed by the authors, which can not only seek directly the multiplicative inverse and the greatest common divisor, but also solve directly a simple congruence for general solutions. This paper presents the definition and the two valuable properties of a simple congruence, analyzes in detail the reduction and recursion process of solving simple congruences, induces the recursive formula for solving simple congruences, and describes formally and implements in C language the recursive algorithm. At last, the paper compares REESSE with the extended Euclidean algorithm in thought, applicability and time complexity.

Generalized normal matrices

A matrix A ∈ Mn（C） is called generalized normal provided that there is a positive definite Hermite matrix H such that HAH is normal. In this paper, these matrices are investigated and their canonical form, invariants and relative properties in the sense of congruence are obtained.

Exact Solutions of Variation Problem on Shiftability of Principal Shift Invariant Spaces

A complete answer to the shiftability of a principal shift invariant spaces and a scaled version is given. The congruence of spectrum plays a kernel role. It characterizes essentially the shiftability and the scale of any principal shift variant spaces. Some examples relative to signal analysis are discussed associated with an explanation to the failure of generalizing Shannon s sampling theorem from band limitted to band pass case.

COBORDISM AND ROKHLIN CONGRUENCES

In this paper, we give a cobordism proof of the higher dimensional Rokhlin congruences established in [8].