Optimal Operation of Multipurpose Reservoir for Irrigation Planning with Conjunctive Use of Surface and Groundwater

In the present study, a Linear Programming (LP) model is developed for the conjunctive use of surface water and ground water to obtain the optimal operating policy for a multipurpose single reservoir. The objective of the present study is to maximize the net benefit from the command area under consideration. The constraints imposed on the objective function are maximum and minimum irrigation demands, reservoir storages and canal capacity. The model takes into account the continuity constraint which includes inflows in to the reservoir, releases for irrigation, releases for hydro-power generation, evaporation losses, feeder canal releases, initial and final storages in the reservoir in each time period. The developed model is applied to the case study of Jayakwadi reservoir stage-I, built across river Godavari, Maharashtra, India. Initially the model is solved for the availability of surface water which results in net benefit of 3373.45 million rupees with irrigation intensity is 57.07%. Next the model solved by considering the availability of surface water and available potential of groundwater in the area, which results in net benefits of 3590.02 million rupees with an intensity of irrigation 58.48%. The present model takes in to account the socio-economic requirement of growing the essential crops to meet the requirement of the society. The model has also generated the canal wise optimal releases for irrigation and power, monthly utilization of groundwater, storages in the reservoir at the end of every month and corresponding head over the turbine.

Endodontic management of the maxillary first molars with two root canals: A case report and review of the literature

BACKGROUND The complex anatomy of the maxillary first molars has always been a major challenge for complete root canal treatment in endodontic therapy. Here, we present two cases of maxillary first molars, each with only two root canals, which have been rarely reported. We also perform a literature review of maxillary first molar anatomy.CASE SUMMARY The two patients were referred to the hospital after 1) finding a cavity in their tooth with a color change and, 2) a toothache during mastication, respectively.Both of these cases were diagnosed as apical periodontitis by X-ray imaging and cone beam computed tomography(CBCT). Non-surgical endodontic therapy was performed with the assistance of a dental operating microscope(DOM). CBCT showed rare but accurate images of both patients, each with two root canals and two roots in their maxillary first molars. Both roots were located in the buccal in the palatal direction, and each root had only one clear root canal. In addition,each maxillary first molar in both patients was symmetrical to that on the opposing side with only two separate root canals. Non-surgical endodontic therapy was performed with the assistance of a DOM. Finally, the teeth were restored using composite resin and the patients were satisfied with the results.CONCLUSION Making full use of CBCT and DOM would contribute to helping dentists make correct diagnoses and successfully treat teeth with rare root canal morphologies.

Deadbands and the Dynamic Response and Performance of Large Water Transfer Canal System

An operating simulation mode for multireach canal system in series under gate regulating is established. The discharge feedforward plus water lever feedback PID controller was adopted. And the performance indicators are introduced to evaluate the control effects of canal operation. Influence on dynamic response process and dynamic performance as well as the control actions of canal system are studied according to the variation of the gate deadband and water level deadband. The results showed that the larger the gate deadband, the worse, the control effect of canal system over water level, and so done the stable process of gate discharge, yet the stable process of gate opening was getting better, while the upstream gate regulation of each canal pool was less at the time when canal stabilizes; the closer to downstream end of canal, the lager steady-state error of this canal pool was, and the lager influence of gate deadband on the steady-state error as well as response time of this canal pool was; the canal system can not acquire superiority in both the control performance and control actions when only the water level deadband was established.

Research on Controlled Volume Operation Method of Large-scale Water Transfer Canal

The controlled volume method of operation is especially suitable for large-scale water delivery canal system with complex operation requirements. An operating simulation model based on the storage volume control method for multi-reach canal system in series was established. In allusion to the deficiency of existing controlled volume algorithm, the improved controlled volume algorithm of the whole canal pools was proposed, and the simulation results indicated that the storage volume and water level of each canal pool could be accurately controlled after the improved algorithm had been adopted. However, for some typical discharge demand operating conditions, if the previously mentioned algorithm was adopted, then it certainly would cause some unnecessary gate adjustments, and consequently the disturbed canal pools would be increased. Therefore, the idea of controlled volume operation method of continuous canal pools was proposed, and corresponding algorithm was designed. Through simulating practical project, the results indicated that the new controlled volume algorithm proposed for typical operating conditions could comparatively and obviously reduce the number of regulated check gates and disturb canal pools for some typical discharge demand operating conditions, thus the control efficiency of canal system could be improved.

Operational effectiveness evaluation based on the reduced conjunctive belief rule base

To address the issue of rule premise combination explosion in the construction of the traditional complete conjunctive belief rule base(BRB),this paper introduces an orthogonal design method to reduce the conjunctive BRB.The reasoning method based on reduced conjunctive BRB is designed with the help of the conversion technology from conjunctive BRB to disjunctive BRB.Finally,the operational mission effectiveness evaluation is taken as an example to verify the proposed method.The results show that the method proposed in this paper is feasible and effective.

四手操作配合“知信行”健康宣教在根管治疗中的应用及效果评价

目的探究根管治疗中采用四手操作配合知信行健康宣教的临床效果。方法研究开展于2022年3月至2023年3月,抽选64例根管治疗患者样本,采用抽签法分组为研究组(n=32)、对照组(n=32)。对照组患者行常规护理方案,研究组患者行四手操作配合知信行健康宣教,比较两组根管治疗时间、术后肿胀发胀率、术后VAS评分、按时复诊率及不良事件发生率。结果研究组根管治疗时间(26.44±2.97)min、术后肿胀发胀率6.25%、术后VAS评分均(1.95±0.62)分低于对照组根管治疗时间(35.61±4.28)min、术后肿胀发胀率25.00%、术后VAS评分均(3.06±0.98)分(P<0.05)。研究组患者按时复诊率93.75%高于对照组71.88%,不良事件发生率低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论根管治疗中采用四手操作配合知信行健康宣教可缩短根管治疗时间,缓解术后肿痛,并可提高患者按时复诊率,降低不良事件发生率。

2种机用镍钛器械在乳磨牙根管治疗中的临床效果观察

目的探讨Reciproc机用镍钛器械和Protaper机用镍钛器械在乳磨牙根管治疗中的临床应用效果。方法选取2020年1月—2021年1月甘肃中医药大学附属医院口腔科就诊的乳牙牙髓病患儿50例,分别用Reciproc镍钛器械(RE组)和Protaper镍钛器械(PT组)进行根管治疗。分别记录2组的根管预备时间、诊间疼痛评估值和术后X线片检查充填效果。所有的根管治疗操作均为同一医生进行。结果平均每根根管预备时间RE组为(3.70±1.19)min,PT组为(5.43±1.16)min,RE组的预备时间短于PT组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。2组约诊间痛评分和根管充填效果比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论机用镍钛器械Protaper和Reciproc在乳牙根管治疗时具有预备时间短、诊间疼痛反应低、充填效果佳的优点,其中Reciproc在治疗操作时间方面优于Protaper。

Constructions of <i>n</i>-Dimensional Overlap Functions Based on Bivariate Overlap Functions

In this paper, we firstly introduce some new results on overlap functions and n-dimensional overlap functions. On the other hand, in a previous study, Gómez et al. presented some open problems. One of these open problems is “to search the construction of n-dimensional overlapping functions based on bi-dimensional overlapping functions”. To answer this open problem, in this paper, we mainly introduce one construction method of n-dimensional overlap functions based on bivariate overlap functions. We mainly use the conjunction operator ∧ to construct n-dimensional overlap functions based on bivariate overlap functions and study their basic properties.

Two Palatal Root Canals in a Maxillary Right Second Molar:One Case Report

牙根和根管的数目不是固定不变的,文献报道表明牙齿尤其是上颌磨牙根管存在着解剖变异。但是,上颌第二磨牙发生腭根双根管的可能性很低。在本文中,作者报道了一例右上颌第二磨牙腭根双根管的解剖变异。由于可能存在的上颌第二磨牙腭根管解剖变异,所以临床医生在牙髓病治疗过程中应注意术前对患牙进行影像学分析,术中可借助牙科手术显微镜等可视手段寻找可能存在的腭根解剖变异。

橡皮障隔离技术联合四手操作法对于提高牙髓炎根管治疗效果的研究

目的探讨橡皮障隔离技术联合四手操作在牙髓炎根管治疗中的疗效。方法选取2021年1月至2022年12月接受根管治疗的牙髓炎患者进行单中心回顾性对照研究。将2022年1月前采用常规隔离技术(棉卷+大容量抽吸)行根管治疗的患者作为对照组,将2022年1月及之后采用橡皮障隔离技术的患者作为观察组。比较2组的根管治疗时间、根管治疗成功率及患者的治疗经验,以总治疗时间、治疗成功率和满意率作为主要指标。本研究资料采用独立样本t检验和χ^(2)检验进行统计分析。结果共有84例成年牙髓炎患者[男50例,女34例,平均年龄为(40.70±12.55)岁]入组。观察组的总治疗时间较对照组短[(45.29±4.77)min vs.(51.36±5.54)min,P<0.001]。观察组的根管治疗成功率显著高于对照组(97.62%vs.83.33%,P<0.05)。观察组患者的满意率显著高于对照组(97.62%vs.80.95%,P<0.05)。结论橡皮障隔离技术联合四手操作可有效缩短牙髓炎患者的根管治疗时间,降低感染风险,提高治疗成功率和患者满意度。

口腔显微根管治疗中四手操作与传统操作配合的效果比较评价

目的研究口腔显微根管治疗中应用四手操作与传统操作配合的效果。方法选取吉林市口腔医院2021年1月—2022年1月收治的200例口腔显微根管治疗患者为研究对象,采用随机数表法分为两组,对照组(100例)行传统操作配合,研究组(100例)行四手操作配合,比较两组干预效果。结果研究组根管预备、充填、封闭时间分别为(12.59±1.85)、(12.87±1.43)、(3.70±0.76)min,均短于对照组的(13.98±1.96)、(14.62±1.79)、(4.85±0.82)min,差异有统计学意义(t=5.157、7.638、10.286,P<0.001)。研究组根管填充优良率、舒适度(GCQ)评分及健康状况(SF-36)评分均高于对照组,而不良反应发生率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论四手操作配合可有效缩短根管治疗时间,提高根管填充质量及患者身心舒适度与健康水平。

管渠结合的梯级泵站扬程优化分配研究

密云水库调蓄工程是保证北京市区供水安全的一项关键工程,极大程度地缓解了北京市水资源供需紧平衡状态。为实现工程的经济运行,以密云水库调蓄工程后三级泵站(郭家坞、雁栖、溪翁庄)为研究对象,基于水力学模型建立梯级泵站扬程优化分配模型,采用IAPSO优化算法对模型进行求解。结果表明:对于管渠结合的梯级泵站输水系统,在不同输水流量下,梯级泵站的扬程优化方案较实际运行方案相比效率可提高5.2%;梯级间水力损失和泵站转速会对优化结果有较大的影响。该研究可为梯级泵站经济运行提供行之有效的运行方案,保证梯级泵站输水系统的安全经济运行。

长距离输水渠道电热防冰冻技术现场试验及功率计算

因冬季水面冻结,寒区渠道的停水期最长可达半年,对渠道输水效益的发挥和当地经济发展影响巨大。为延长寒区渠道冬季的输水时长,研究团队前期提出了长距离输水渠道电热防冰冻技术,并开展了室内模型试验。在前期模型试验的基础上,研发了3种铝制传热装置,选取集肤发热电缆,设计了电源控制和加热功率控制电路,在新疆635工程50 km处的退水渠上建立了现场试验段,进行了历时一个冬季的现场试验观测。同时,理论推导了保持加热区渠水不结冰的加热功率计算式。现场试验结果表明,所设计的电加热系统可以保证渠道冬季输水时不形成岸冰,有效延长渠道冬季运行时间;所设计的传热板传热效率较高,环境温度为-20℃时,维持加热装置附近5 cm范围内的水体不结冰,所需要的加热功率为120 W/m;环境温度为-15℃时其所需的加热功率为84 W/m,与保障输油工程冬季正常运行的加热功率相比,装置能耗较低。推导的不同环境温度下加热功率的计算式,可以准确计算保障渠道冬季运行的加热功率,为加热电路容量设计提供理论基础。

大视窗吻合器联合肛管上皮保留术治疗环状混合痔的回顾性队列研究

目的:探讨大视窗吻合器联合肛管上皮保留术治疗环状混合痔的临床应用价值及安全性。方法:采用回顾性队列研究的方式,纳入2019年7月~2020年12月患者,研究组159例,对照组137例。研究组采用大视窗吻合器(TST-MS)联合肛管上皮保留术,对照组采用吻合器痔上黏膜环切术(PPH)联合外痔切除术,随访1年。结果:研究组累计复发率及外痔残留率低于对照组(P<0.01)。研究组的肛门水肿及肛门失禁发生率更低(P<0.01)。研究组的标本质量及体积更大(P<0.01),且标本带有肌层比例更高(P<0.001)。研究组复发患者年龄更大,病程更长,切除标本体积更小(均P<0.05)。结论:TST-MS术联合肛管上皮保留术治疗环状混合痔复发率低,并发症少,对肛门功能保护良好,值得临床推广应用。

人工水草技术对北运河城区段水质净化效果分析

针对北运河城区段水质污染特征,优选人工水草、优化运行参数,为后续示范工程中的人工水草工艺提供设计依据。选取市面常见的三种人工水草,开展挂膜试验及不同浓度的污水净化试验,优选人工水草。模拟北运河河道水流,分析水力停留时间、运行体积比、挂膜方式及进水浓度等不同运行参数,对水质净化效果的影响。超细碳纤维对高浓度污水中氨氮、总磷和COD的水力负荷参数分别为1.12、0.13、12.71 mg/(L·h),对中、低浓度污水中氨氮的水力负荷参数分别为0.58、0.40 mg/(L·h),是优势人工水草。综合考虑净化效果和工程造价,在后续北运河城区段示范工程中,人工水草工艺的设计运行参数为:城区段河道自然挂膜、水力停留时间7 h、运行体积比25%。河道进水浓度越高,净化效果越好。

四手操作在口腔门诊护理中的应用效果研究

探讨四手操作在口腔门诊护理中的应用效果。选取在青海红十字医院口腔科门诊接受根管治疗的116例患者作为研究对象,将其随机分为实验组与常规组,每组58例。常规组患者给予常规护理,实验组患者在常规护理的基础上实施舒适护理,评价并比较两组患者的护理满意度和舒适度。结果显示,护理后,实验组患者的护理满意度、舒适度显著高于常规组(P<0.05)。实验组健康教育、服务专业性、恐惧和不适、交叉感染、候诊时间等方面的操作服务质量评分高于常规组(P<0.05)。研究发现,在根管治疗四手操作护理中应用舒适护理,可有效提高患者舒适度及护理满意度,提高口腔门诊护理质量。

橡皮障联合四手操作护理在口腔根管治疗中的应用效果

目的探讨橡皮障联合四手操作护理在口腔根管治疗中的应用效果。方法选取2020年5月至2022年5月于厦门医学院附属口腔医院急诊综合科行口腔根管治疗的316例患者作为研究对象,采用随机数字表法将其分为对照组(158例)和观察组(158例)。对照组行常规护理,观察组接受橡皮障联合四手操作护理。比较两组的心理状态、疼痛程度、舒适度、生活质量和护理满意度。结果观察组护理后焦虑自评量表(SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)评分均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组疼痛程度轻于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组护理后舒适状况量表(GCQ)中心理、生理、环境舒适、社会文化维度评分高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组护理后健康调查简表(SF-36)评分高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组护理满意度中操作方式、护理服务、沟通态度、护理效果、健康教育、安全管理评分均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论橡皮障联合四手操作护理可缓解口腔根管治疗患者消极心理状态,减轻患者疼痛,提高其舒适度和生活质量,从而获得更高的护理满意度。

显微超声技术结合CBCT诊治恒牙变异根管的临床疗效观察

目的:探讨显微超声技术结合锥形束CT(Cone beam computed tomography,CBCT)在恒牙变异根管诊治中的临床疗效。方法:分析83例常规治疗失败的变异根管经显微根管再治疗过程及愈后,主要通过术前分析CBCT影像中变异根管的数量、位置、钙化程度、弯曲方向,在口腔手术显微镜下应用超声治疗仪探寻变异根管,镍钛预备、热牙胶垂直加压充填。总结变异根管类型及治疗并发症,评价治疗效果。结果:83例变异根管中,80例成功寻及并疏通,1例发生带状穿孔,MTA即刻修补,2例未疏通至根尖,经0.5~2年复查无临床症状及体征,X线表现无异常。结论:应用显微超声技术结合CBCT能有效定位、疏通恒牙变异根管,提高治疗成功率。

一次性根管治疗术治疗慢性根尖周炎的临床疗效

目的探讨一次性根管治疗术治疗慢性根尖周炎的临床疗效。方法选取2019年1月至2020年6月本院收治的70例慢性根尖周炎患者作为研究对象,按照随机数字表法分为两组,每组35例。对照组行多次根管治疗术,实验组行一次根管治疗术,比较两组术后疼痛分级、临床疗效、继发性根尖周感染率及手术时间、治疗费用。结果术后2、7 d,两组疼痛分级比较差异无统计学意义。两组治疗总有效率比较差异无统计学意义。两组继发性根尖周感染率比较差异无统计学意义;实验组治疗费用少于对照组,手术时间短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论慢性根尖周炎患者应用一次性根管治疗的效果与多次根管治疗相当,但手术时间较短,治疗费用相对较低,值得临床推广应用。

骶管阻滞复合七氟烷全麻在小儿隐睾手术中的应用

目的:探究在小儿隐睾手术中通过骶管阻滞复合七氟烷治疗的应用价值。方法:选取2021年6月—2022年12月六盘水市人民医院收治的小儿隐睾手术患儿82例,根据奇偶数分组法,将奇数患者纳入对照组,将偶数患者纳入观察组,各41例。对照组通过喉罩全身麻醉,观察组通过骶管阻滞复合七氟烷麻醉,对比两组麻醉效果。结果:观察组患儿拔管时间、清醒时间、离室时间以及躁动评分均少于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组患儿不良反应发生率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P=0.034);阻滞结束10min时、切片时及手术结束时,观察组患儿心率与平均动脉压优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:小儿隐睾手术中应用骶管阻滞复合七氟烷全麻,有助于提高患儿麻醉效果及苏醒质量,安全性较高,值得推广。