An improved internetworking approach is proposed to enhance the Internet connectivity which is deteriorated due to unidirectional links and blind rebroadcasting of gateway discovery packets for mobile ad hoc networks....An improved internetworking approach is proposed to enhance the Internet connectivity which is deteriorated due to unidirectional links and blind rebroadcasting of gateway discovery packets for mobile ad hoc networks. The hybrid gateway discovery scheme that combined the advantages of a proactive and reactive gateway discovery approach is used to achieve high connectivity while keeping overhead costs low. By exchanging ad hoc on-demand distance vector （AODV） hello packet which includes additional fields named symmetric neighbor list and asymmetric neighbor list, unidirectional links are removed from route computation and broadcast storm can also be relieved simultaneously. Performance results using ns-2 simulations, under varying numbers of unidirectional links and node speeds, show that this improved Internet connectivity approach can provide better performance than others.展开更多
Mobile and Internet network coverage plays an important role in digital transformation and the exploitation of new services. The evolution of mobile networks from the first generation (1G) to the 5th generation is sti...Mobile and Internet network coverage plays an important role in digital transformation and the exploitation of new services. The evolution of mobile networks from the first generation (1G) to the 5th generation is still a long process. 2G networks have developed the messaging service, which complements the already operational voice service. 2G technology has rapidly progressed to the third generation (3G), incorporating multimedia data transmission techniques. It then progressed to fourth generation (4G) and LTE (Long Term Evolution), increasing the transmission speed to improve 3G. Currently, developed countries have already moved to 5G. In developing countries, including Burundi, a member of the East African Community (ECA) where more than 80% are connected to 2G technologies, 40% are connected to the 3G network and 25% to the 4G network and are not yet connected to the 5G network and then still a process. The objective of this article is to analyze the coverage of 2G, 3G and 4G networks in Burundi. This analysis will make it possible to identify possible deficits in order to reduce the digital divide between connected urban areas and remote rural areas. Furthermore, this analysis will draw the attention of decision-makers to the need to deploy networks and coverage to allow the population to access mobile and Internet services and thus enable the digitalization of the population. Finally, this article shows the level of coverage, the digital divide and an overview of the deployment of base stations (BTS) throughout the country to promote the transformation and digital inclusion of services.展开更多
The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration in the US and the European Commission are drafting a regulatory framework that will make the goal of connected vehicles possible by 2020, Control, embedded systems, a...The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration in the US and the European Commission are drafting a regulatory framework that will make the goal of connected vehicles possible by 2020, Control, embedded systems, and communication technologies have devel- oped over the past 10 plus years and are approaching maturity. These will spark a revolution in how we approach driving. Cars will no longer need human drivers; they will be connected and exchange information about navigation, road hazards, traffic conditions, and safety. Travelers will be connected more than ever. Today＇ s car will become tomorrow＇ s office and the act of driving will become a leisure activity rather than a necessity. The emerging Internet of Vehicle enables application scenarios unimaginable just few years ago. The main challenges are Internet access spectrum scarcity, mobility, intermittent connectivity and scalability. In this article, we discuss the evolution from intelligent vehicle grid to autonomous, internet-conneeted vehicles and vehicular cloud.展开更多
Mobile Ad Hoc网络(MANET)与Internet互联时,如何使Internet网关适应MANET高度动态变化的网络条件与实际连接需求,以合理的开销向MANET通告可用网关信息是获取良好互联性能的关键。该文根据那些欲访问Internet的MANET节点距离Internet...Mobile Ad Hoc网络(MANET)与Internet互联时,如何使Internet网关适应MANET高度动态变化的网络条件与实际连接需求,以合理的开销向MANET通告可用网关信息是获取良好互联性能的关键。该文根据那些欲访问Internet的MANET节点距离Internet网关的实时位置及其访问需求自适应地设置网关通告报文之TTL值以实现最佳覆盖,同时采用基于计数的广播风暴抑制策略有效地抑制了洪泛网关通告报文所形成的广播风暴。用NS2进行的仿真说明该文提出的方法在将节点密度及规模变化的MANET接入Internet时能获取良好的连接性能而开销合理。展开更多
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(No60362001)
文摘An improved internetworking approach is proposed to enhance the Internet connectivity which is deteriorated due to unidirectional links and blind rebroadcasting of gateway discovery packets for mobile ad hoc networks. The hybrid gateway discovery scheme that combined the advantages of a proactive and reactive gateway discovery approach is used to achieve high connectivity while keeping overhead costs low. By exchanging ad hoc on-demand distance vector （AODV） hello packet which includes additional fields named symmetric neighbor list and asymmetric neighbor list, unidirectional links are removed from route computation and broadcast storm can also be relieved simultaneously. Performance results using ns-2 simulations, under varying numbers of unidirectional links and node speeds, show that this improved Internet connectivity approach can provide better performance than others.
文摘Mobile and Internet network coverage plays an important role in digital transformation and the exploitation of new services. The evolution of mobile networks from the first generation (1G) to the 5th generation is still a long process. 2G networks have developed the messaging service, which complements the already operational voice service. 2G technology has rapidly progressed to the third generation (3G), incorporating multimedia data transmission techniques. It then progressed to fourth generation (4G) and LTE (Long Term Evolution), increasing the transmission speed to improve 3G. Currently, developed countries have already moved to 5G. In developing countries, including Burundi, a member of the East African Community (ECA) where more than 80% are connected to 2G technologies, 40% are connected to the 3G network and 25% to the 4G network and are not yet connected to the 5G network and then still a process. The objective of this article is to analyze the coverage of 2G, 3G and 4G networks in Burundi. This analysis will make it possible to identify possible deficits in order to reduce the digital divide between connected urban areas and remote rural areas. Furthermore, this analysis will draw the attention of decision-makers to the need to deploy networks and coverage to allow the population to access mobile and Internet services and thus enable the digitalization of the population. Finally, this article shows the level of coverage, the digital divide and an overview of the deployment of base stations (BTS) throughout the country to promote the transformation and digital inclusion of services.
基金ATOS and RENAULT through the UPMC Chair on Smart Mobilitythe MPI Research Fundthe National Science Foundation through the GREEN-CITY project
文摘The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration in the US and the European Commission are drafting a regulatory framework that will make the goal of connected vehicles possible by 2020, Control, embedded systems, and communication technologies have devel- oped over the past 10 plus years and are approaching maturity. These will spark a revolution in how we approach driving. Cars will no longer need human drivers; they will be connected and exchange information about navigation, road hazards, traffic conditions, and safety. Travelers will be connected more than ever. Today＇ s car will become tomorrow＇ s office and the act of driving will become a leisure activity rather than a necessity. The emerging Internet of Vehicle enables application scenarios unimaginable just few years ago. The main challenges are Internet access spectrum scarcity, mobility, intermittent connectivity and scalability. In this article, we discuss the evolution from intelligent vehicle grid to autonomous, internet-conneeted vehicles and vehicular cloud.
文摘Mobile Ad Hoc网络(MANET)与Internet互联时,如何使Internet网关适应MANET高度动态变化的网络条件与实际连接需求,以合理的开销向MANET通告可用网关信息是获取良好互联性能的关键。该文根据那些欲访问Internet的MANET节点距离Internet网关的实时位置及其访问需求自适应地设置网关通告报文之TTL值以实现最佳覆盖,同时采用基于计数的广播风暴抑制策略有效地抑制了洪泛网关通告报文所形成的广播风暴。用NS2进行的仿真说明该文提出的方法在将节点密度及规模变化的MANET接入Internet时能获取良好的连接性能而开销合理。
