Microvascular alterations of the ocular surface and retina in connective tissue disease-related interstitial lung disease

AIM:To examine the disparities in macular retinal vascular density between individuals with connective tissue disease-related interstitial lung disease(CTD-ILD)and healthy controls(HCs)by optical coherence tomography angiography(OCTA)and to investigate the changes in microvascular density in abnormal eyes.METHODS:For a retrospective case-control study,a total of 16 patients(32 eyes)diagnosed with CTD-ILD were selected as the ILD group.The 16 healthy volunteers with 32 eyes,matched in terms of age and sex with the patients,were recruited as control group.The macular retina’s superficial retinal layer(SRL)and deep retinal layer(DRL)were examined and scanned using OCTA in each individual eye.The densities of retinal microvascular(MIR),macrovascular(MAR),and total microvascular(TMI)were calculated and compared.Changes in retinal vascular density in the macular region were analyzed using three different segmentation methods:central annuli segmentation method(C1-C6),hemispheric segmentation method[uperior right(SR),superior left(SL),inferior left(IL),and inferior right(IR)],and Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study(ETDRS)methods[superior(S),inferior(I),left(L),and right(R)].The data were analyzed using Version 9.0 of GraphPad prism and Pearson analysis.RESULTS:The OCTA data demonstrated a statistically significant difference(P<0.05)in macular retinal microvessel density between the two groups.Specifically,in the SRL and DRL analyses,the ILD group exhibited significantly lower surface density of MIR and TMI compared to the HCs group(P<0.05).Furthermore,using the hemispheric segmentation method,the ILD group showed notable reductions in SL,SR,and IL in the superficial retina(P<0.05),as well as marked decreases in SL and IR in the deep retina(P<0.05).Similarly,when employing the ETDRS method,the ILD group displayed substantial drops in superficial retinal S and I(P<0.05),along with notable reductions in deep retinal L,I,and R(P<0.05).In the central annuli segmentation method,the ILD group exhibited a significant decrease in the superficial retinal C2-4 region(P<0.05),whereas the deep retina showed a notable reduction in the C3-5 region(P<0.05).Additionally,there was an observed higher positive likelihood ratio in the superficial SR region and deep MIR.Furthermore,there was a negative correlation between conjunctival vascular density and both deep and superficial retinal TMI(P<0.001).CONCLUSION:Patients with CTD-ILD exhibits a significantly higher conjunctival vascular density compared to the HCs group.Conversely,their fundus retinal microvascular density is significantly lower.Furthermore,CTD-ILD patients display notably lower superficial and deep retinal vascular density in comparison to the HCs group.The inverse correlation between conjunctival vascular density and both superficial and deep retinal TMI suggests that detecting subtle changes in ocular microcirculation could potentially serve as an early diagnostic indicator for connective tissue diseases,thereby enhancing disease management.

Correlation Analysis Between Changes of D-Dimer Level and Rheumatoid Arthritis Complicated with Interstitial Lung Disease

Objective:To explore the correlation between the change of D-dimer level and rheumatoid arthritis complicated with interstitial lung disease.Methods:From January 2022 to February 2024,20 rheumatoid arthritis patients complicated with interstitial lung disease(interstitial lung disease group),20 rheumatoid arthritis patients without interstitial lung disease(without interstitial lung disease group),and 20 healthy people(control group)in Xijing Hospital were selected for this study.The fasting venous blood of the three groups of subjects was collected and their D-dimer,C-reactive protein(CRP),rheumatoid factor(RF),and erythrocyte sedimentation rate(ESR)were detected.Subsequently,the correlation between each index and rheumatoid arthritis complicated with interstitial lung disease was analyzed.Results:The D-dimer level of the interstitial lung disease group was significantly higher than the other two groups(P<0.05).The D-dimer level of the group without interstitial lung disease was significantly higher than the control group(P<0.05).CRP levels in the interstitial lung disease group and the group without interstitial lung disease were significantly higher than those of the control group(P<0.05).The ESR and RF levels of the interstitial lung disease group were significantly higher than the other two groups(P<0.05).The levels of ESR and RF levels of the group without interstitial lung disease were significantly higher than the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion:D-dimer levels of rheumatoid arthritis patients are higher than those of healthy individuals,and those complicated with interstitial lung disease present even higher levels.This finding shows that there is a correlation between D-dimer levels and rheumatoid arthritis with interstitial lung disease,which may facilitate the evaluation and diagnosis of this disease.

Interstitial Lung Diseases Associated with Connective Tissue Pathologies: Radiologic Features

Introduction: The high resolution computed tomography (HRCT) is an important part in the diagnostic approach of interstitial lung disease (ILD) associated with connective tissue diseases (CTD) by providing detailed information on the elementary lesion and the radiological pattern of ILD. Aim: to point out the role of HRCT in the diagnosis of ILD associated with CTD (ILD-CTD). Methods: A Retrospective descriptive study was conducted between 2008 and 2017. Data of 24 patients presenting ILD-CTD were collected. A review of HRCT was performed by a radiologist without knowledge of the CTD. Results: Predominant elementary lesion of ILD associated with dermatomyositis (9 cases) was ground glass opacity (n = 9) followed by consolidation (n = 6). Non Specific Interstitial Pneumonia (NSIP) was the most reported pattern (5 cases). Ground glass opacity was also the predominant elementary lesion for the 2 cases of scleroderma and in Sj&#246gren’s syndrome (4 cases/5). NSIP was the predominant radiological presentation in these two CTD. Lymphoid interstitial pneumonia revealed Sj&#246gren’s syndrome in one case. In rheumatoid arthritis (6 cases), the elementary HRCT lesions were irregular interlobular septal thickening (n = 4) and honeycombing (n = 4) consistent with Usual Interstitial Pneumonia (UIP) in 2 cases. Similarly UIP has been described for the 2 patients with lupus and mixed connective tissue disease. Conclusion: HRCT plays an important role in the management of ILD-CTD. Description of the HRCT elementary lesions and the radiological pattern of ILD can be helpful for CTD’s diagnosis.

The Differences of Interstitial Lung Diseases in High-Resolution Computerized Tomography and Pulmonary Function Test among Different Connective Tissue Diseases, and the Correlated Factors

Objective. To study the difference of interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) in high-resolution computerized tomography and pulmonary function test among different connective tissue diseases (CTDs). Methods. 209 patients with different CTDs were recruited and underwent lung HRCT and PFT. Eerythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), serum ferritin (SF), anti-SSA, and so on were tested. Based on HRCT, a patient was classified into ILD group (CTD+ILD) or non-ILD group (CTD-ILD). HRCT, PFT, and laboratory markers were compared according to CTDs and CTD-associated ILDs. Results. The incidences of ILD were 79.6%, 82.0%, 89.7%, and 97.1% respectively for Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), primary Sjogren’s symptom (pSS), dermatomyositis/polymyositis (DM/PM), and systemic sclerosis (SSc) groups. RA and pSS patients exhibited more nodules, patching, ground-glass opacity, and cord shadow foci in HRCT, DM/PM and SSc patients exhibited more reticular opacity and honeycombing foci. RA and pSS patients exhibited more obstructive ventilatory disorder, small airway dysfunction and emphysema in PFT, and DM/PM and SSc patients exhibited more restrictive ventilatory disorder, mixed ventilatory disorder. ESR, CRP and SF were significantly higher in total CTD+ILD group than in total CTD-ILD group (P = 0.047, 0.006, 0.004, respectively), and higher in different CTD+ ILD groups than in comparable CTD-ILD groups (P = 0.049, 0.048, and 0.023, pSS+ILD, SSc+ILD and RA+ILD compared to pSS-ILD, SSc-ILD and RA-ILD, respectively for ESR, CRP, SF). The positive rate of anti-SSA was significantly higher in DM/PM+ILD group than in DM/PM-ILD group (P = 0.025). Conclusions. The manifestations and incidences of ILDs differ among different CTDs in HRCT and PFT, and inflammation and anti-SSA are positively correlated with ILDs in different CTDs, which provide important evidences for judging disease condition and prognosis.

Interstitial lung disease and diabetes

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disease and its prevalence has beensteadily increasing all over the world. DM and its associated micro andmacrovascular complications result in significant morbidity and mortality. Themicrovascular complications are usually manifested as retinopathy, neuropathy,nephropathy and macrovascular complications generally affect the cardiovascularsystem. In addition to these complications, DM also affects the lungs because of itsrich vascularity and abundance in connective tissue (collagen and elastin). DMhas been found to cause microvascular complications and proliferation ofextracellular connective tissue in the lungs, leading to decline in lung function in arestrictive pattern. Interstitial lung disease (ILD) includes a diverse group ofdisease conditions characterized by different degrees of inflammation and fibrosisin the pulmonary parenchyma. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is one of thecommon type of idiopathic interstitial pneumonia with a high mortality rate. IPFis characterized by chronic progressive fibrosis leading to progressive respiratoryfailure. In this review we focus on lung as the target organ in DM and theassociation of DM and ILD with special emphasis on IPF.

Collagen vascular disease-associated interstitial lung disease

Interstitial lung disease(ILD) is an important mani-festation of collagen vascular diseases. It is a common feature of scleroderma, and also occurs in dermatomyositis and polymyositis, mixed connective tissue disease, Sjogren's syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis. When present, it is associated with increased morbidity and mortality, thus making early diagnosis important. In fact, in many patients, ILD may be the first manifestation of a collagen vascular disease. The most common symptoms are cough and dyspnea. The diagnosis is made based on pulmonary function tests showing restrictive lung disease and impaired oxygen diffusion and chest imaging showing ground glass infiltrates, interstitial thickening, and/or fibrosis. The most common histologic finding on lung biopsy is non-specific interstitial pneumonia, though organizing pneumonia and usual interstitial pneumonia may also be seen. Treatment is focused on addressing the underlying collagen vascular disease with immunosuppression, either with corticosteroids or a steroid-sparing agent such as cyclophosphamide, azathioprine, or mycophenolate, although the optimal agent and duration of therapy is not known. There are few clinical trials to guide therapy that focus specifically on the progression of ILD. The exception is in the case of scleroderma-associated ILD, where cyclophosphamide has been shown to be effective.

Promising new treatment targets in patients with fibrosing lung disorders

The processes of lung fibrogenesis and fibrotic healing are common to a number of conditions with different etiologies. The lungs are the only affected organ in some cases, whereas in others, several organ systems are involved. Therapeutic options can be discussed from various perspectives. In this review, we address the localization of therapeutic targets with regard to cell compartments, including secreted ligands, cell surface, plasma membrane-cytosol interplay, cytosol and nucleus. Complex approach using stem cell therapy is also discussed. As the prognosis of patients with these disorders remains grim, treatment combinations targeting different molecules within the cell should sometimes be considered. It is reasonable to assume that blocking specific pathways will more likely lead to disease stabilization, while stem cell-based treatments could potentially restore lung architecture. Gene therapy could be a candidate for preventive care in families with proven specific gene polymorphisms and documented familial lung fibrosis. Chronobiology, that takes into account effect of circadian rhythm on cell biology, has demonstrated that timed drug administration can improve treatment outcomes. However, the specificrecommendations for optimal approaches are still under debate. A multifaceted approach to interstitial lung disorders, including cooperation between those doing basic research and clinical doctors as well as tailoring research and treatment strategies toward(until now) unmet medical needs, could improve our understanding of the diseases and, above all, provide benefits for our patients.

姜虎汤对结缔组织病相关间质性肺病模型小鼠免疫炎性损伤的影响

[目的]探讨姜虎汤对博来霉素(BLM)诱导结缔组织病相关间质性肺病(CTD-ILD)模型小鼠肺间质病变的影响。[方法]采用SPF级雄性C57/BL6小鼠,经BLM(2 mg/kg)气管内滴注诱导间质性肺病模型,将造模成功的30只小鼠随机分为模型组6只、阳性药组6只、姜虎汤高、中、低剂量组各6只,另选6只未造模小鼠作为正常对照组。正常对照组和模型组予蒸馏水10 mL/(kg·d),阳性药组予泼尼松7.5 mg/(kg·d),姜虎汤高、中、低剂量组分别予姜虎汤26.66、13.33、6.67 g/(kg·d)剂量灌胃给药,其中姜虎汤高剂量组每日分2次灌胃给药。干预4周后处死小鼠,采集肺组织标本。以苏木精-伊红染色法(HE)观察肺组织病理改变;蛋白免疫印迹(Western Blot)技术检测肺组织高迁移率族蛋白B1(HMGB1)、转化生长因子β1(TGF-β1)、核因子-κB p65(NF-κB p65)、单磷酸腺苷(AMP)活化蛋白激酶α1(AMPKα1)、磷酸化AMPKα1(pAMPKα1)蛋白表达水平。[结果]模型组小鼠较正常对照组有明显病理改变(P<0.01),主要表现在肺组织炎症细胞浸润、间质纤维化;阳性药组肺组织炎症病变较模型组有改善(P<0.05);姜虎汤中、低组小鼠肺组织炎症细胞浸润较模型组有改善(P<0.05),姜虎汤高、中、低剂量组小鼠肺组织间质纤维化较模型组有改善(P<0.05)。Western Blot结果显示,与正常组比较,模型组小鼠肺组织中HMGB1、NF-κB p65蛋白表达水平显著升高(P<0.01),TGF-β1蛋白表达水平明显升高(P<0.05),AMPKα1、pAMPKα1蛋白表达水平明显降低(P<0.05,P<0.01)。与模型组比较,姜虎汤中、低剂量组小鼠肺组织中HMGB1、NF-κB p65蛋白表达水平明显降低(P<0.05),姜虎汤高剂量组小鼠肺组织TGF-β1蛋白表达水平明显降低(P<0.05),阳性药组小鼠肺组织中AMPKα1蛋白表达水平明显上调(P<0.05),姜虎汤高剂量组小鼠肺组织中pAMPKα1蛋白表达水平明显上调(P<0.05);与阳性药组比较,姜虎汤高剂量组小鼠肺组织中TGF-β1蛋白表达水平明显下调(P<0.05);姜虎汤各剂量组间比较,姜虎汤高剂量组TGF-β1蛋白表达水平与姜虎汤中剂量组差异明显(P<0.05)。[结论]姜虎汤中、低剂量组在改善小鼠肺组织炎症病理损伤,及抑制免疫炎性因子高表达的作用更具优势;姜虎汤高剂量组在改善小鼠肺组织间质纤维化、抑制纤维化生成因子高表达及上调免疫炎性抑制因子的作用更强。其分子机制可能与激活AMPK,从而抑制HMGB1/NF-κB/TGF-β1免疫炎性信号通路相关。

虎杖苷对间质性肺病模型小鼠免疫炎性代谢性损伤的影响

目的 探讨虎杖苷(Polydatin, PD)对博来霉素(Bleomycin, BLM)诱导肺间质病变小鼠的干预作用及机制。方法 采用SPF级雄性C57/BL6小鼠,体质量(20±2)g,经BLM气管内滴注诱导间质性肺病模型,将造模成功的30只小鼠按随机数表法分为模型组6只、阳性药组6只、PD高、中、低剂量组各6只,另选6只未造模小鼠作为正常对照组。正常对照组和模型组予蒸馏水10 ml/(kg·d),阳性药组给予泼尼松7.5 mg/(kg·d),PD高、中、低剂量组分别给予PD 200 mg/(kg·d)、100 mg/(kg·d)、50 mg/(kg·d)剂量灌胃给药,其中PD高剂量组2次/d灌胃给药。干预4周后处死小鼠,采集肺组织标本。以HE染色观察肺组织病理改变;RT-PCR技术检测肺组织AMPKα1、PPARγ、PGC-1α mRNA转录水平;Western Blot技术检测肺组织AMPKα1、pAMPKα1、PPARγ、PGC-1α、HMGB1、TGF-β1、NF-κB p65蛋白表达水平。结果 模型组小鼠较正常对照组有明显病理改变(P<0.01),主要表现在肺组织炎症细胞浸润、间质纤维化;阳性药组肺组织炎症病变较模型组有改善(P<0.05);PD各治疗组小鼠出现肺组织炎症细胞浸润、间质纤维化较模型组有改善(P<0.05)。RT-PCR结果显示模型组小鼠肺组织中AMPKα1、PPARγ、PGC-1α mRNA转录水平较正常对照组有下降趋势,阳性药及PD各治疗组小鼠肺组织中AMPKα1、PPARγ、PGC-1α mRNA转录水平较模型组均有升高趋势;阳性药组及PD各组间变化无明显差异。Western Blot结果显示,与正常组比较,模型组小鼠肺组织中HMGB1、NF-κB p65蛋白表达水平明显升高(P<0.01),AMPKα1、pAMPKα1、PPARγ、PGC-1α蛋白表达水平明显降低(P<0.05);与模型组比较,阳性药组及PD高剂量组AMPKα1蛋白表达水平明显升高(P<0.05),PD高、低剂量组pAMPKα1蛋白表达水平明显升高(P<0.05),PD中剂量组PPARγ蛋白表达水平明显升高(P<0.05);阳性药组HMGB1、PD低剂量组NF-κB p65蛋白表达水平明显下降(P<0.05),其余各治疗组HMGB1、TGF-β1、NF-κB p65较模型组均有下降趋势;阳性药组及PD各组间变化无明显差异。结论 PD能够改善CTD-ILD模型小鼠肺组织炎症病理损伤,改善肺间质纤维化病理改变,抑制免疫炎性损伤,其作用机制可能是通过激活AMPKα1/PPARγ/PGC-1α信号通路,抑制下游免疫炎性因子HMGB1、NF-κB的高表达,改善肺组织免疫炎性损伤;抑制纤维化细胞因子TGF-β1的释放,改善肺组织免疫炎性损伤及间质纤维化。

CTD-ILD合并肺部感染患者肺部微生物菌群特点及对肺纤维化的影响

目的探讨结缔组织病相关间质性肺疾病(CTD-ILD)合并肺部感染患者肺部微生物菌群特点及对肺纤维化的影响。方法选取2021年2月至2022年5月在医院治疗的45例CTD-ILD合并肺部感染患者作为观察组,同时选取45例CTD-ILD未合并肺部感染患者作为对照组,比较两组肺功能、高分辨CT(HRCT)肺纤维化评分,同时分析观察组病原菌分布情况。结果观察组用力肺活量占预计值百分比(FVC%pred)、第1秒用力呼气容积占预计值百分比(FEV 1%pred)、一氧化碳弥散量占预计值百分比(DLCO%pred)、用力肺活量(FVC)、最大呼气流量(MEF)和残气容积(RV)低于对照组(P<0.05);观察组HRCT影像学斑片状、支气管扩张比率高于对照组(P<0.05),CT纤维化评分高于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组病原菌分布:细菌分布中以肺炎克雷伯菌、铜绿假单胞菌为主,分别占24.44%和15.56%,病毒检出巨细胞病毒、人类疱疹病毒,分别占11.11%和6.67%,真菌检出白念珠菌,占11.11%。观察组年龄≥60岁患者CT纤维化评分高于年龄<60岁患者(P<0.05)。结论CTD-ILD合并肺部感染患者以细菌感染为主;相比较未合并肺部感染患者,合并肺部感染患者肺纤维化较重。

MS19通过抑制IRF5表达调控巨噬细胞极化减轻CTD-ILD肺部炎症的作用研究

目的 探讨MS19通过靶向干扰素调节因子5(IRF5)对结缔组织疾病相关肺间质病变(CTD-ILD)小鼠模型肺部炎症的治疗作用及其相关机制。方法 动物实验:构建CTD-ILD小鼠模型,予以MS19干预,研究MS19对CTD-ILD小鼠肺部炎症的影响。细胞实验:对RAW264.7细胞进行OE-IRF5转染,然后予以MS19干预,研究MS19对IRF5调控的巨噬细胞M1型极化及炎症反应的影响。结果 动物实验:CTD-ILD小鼠出现明显的肺部炎症,小鼠支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF)中IRF5的表达增高、巨噬细胞M1型极化增加及促炎因子(TNF-α、IL-6和IL-1β)的表达升高;而MS19干预后,CTD-ILD小鼠的肺部炎症减轻,BALF中IRF5表达降低、巨噬细胞M1型极化减少及促炎因子表达下降。细胞实验:脂多糖诱导巨噬细胞M1型极化、促炎因子表达增加;转染OE-IRF5后,巨噬细胞M1型极化增加、促炎因子表达增加;MS19干预后,巨噬细胞M1型极化减少、促炎因子表达减少。结论 MS19通过靶向抑制IRF5调控巨噬细胞极化及炎症反应,从而改善CTD-ILD的肺部炎症,为防治CTD-ILD提供潜在靶点和候选药物。

基于25⁃羟基维生素D、血清学因子等对老年类风湿性关节炎合并间质性肺疾病Nomogram预测模型的构建和评价

目的基于25-羟基维生素D[25-(OH)D]、血清学因子等构建老年类风湿性关节炎合并间质性肺疾病(RA-ILD)的Nomogram预测模型,并进行模型评价。方法选取2020年5月—2022年10月收治的老年类风湿性关节炎(RA)220例,根据是否合并间质性肺疾病将其分为RA-ILD组(51例)和单纯RA组(169例)2组,比较2组一般资料和实验室相关指标[类风湿因子(RF)、抗环瓜氨酸抗体(anti-CCP)、抗角蛋白抗体(AKA)、类风湿关节炎活动度评分(DAS28)]、25-(OH)D、血清学因子[白细胞介素-33(IL-33)、白细胞介素-35(IL-35)、赖氨酰氧化酶样蛋白-2(LOXL-2)、涎液化糖链抗原-6(KL-6)、基质金属蛋白酶-8(MMP-8)]水平,分析老年RA患者25-(OH)D与各血清学因子的相关性,探讨老年RA-ILD发生的影响因素,根据影响因素、25-(OH)D及血清学因子构建老年RA-ILD的Nomogram预测模型,并对该模型进行评价。结果RA-ILD组和单纯RA组RF、DAS28比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);RA-ILD组25-(OH)D、IL-35、KL-6低于单纯RA组,IL-33、LOXL-2、MMP-8高于单纯RA组(P<0.05,P<0.01)。老年RA患者25-(OH)D与IL-35、KL-6呈正相关,与IL-33、LOXL-2、MMP-8呈负相关(P<0.05)。25-(OH)D、IL-35、KL-6、IL-33、LOXL-2、MMP-8、RF和DAS28均为老年RA-ILD发生的影响因素(P<0.01)。在Nomogram预测模型中直接获取各预测因素对应得分,得分之和对应的预测概率即为该老年患者RA-ILD发生的风险概率,该模型对老年RA-ILD发生具有良好预测效能,且具有良好校准度。结论基于25-(OH)D、血清学因子等构建老年RA-ILD发生的Nomogram预测模型,预测效能较高、校准度良好。

麻杏泻白散联合西药治疗结缔组织病相关性间质性肺疾病急性加重期的疗效

目的:探究麻杏泻白散联合西药对结缔组织病相关性间质性肺疾病急性加重期患者临床疗效、肺功能、肿瘤标志物以及安全性的影响,为提升该疾病的临床治疗效果提供依据。方法:随机数字表法将安阳市中医院2022年2月—2023年2月收治的100例结缔组织病相关性间质性肺疾病急性加重期患者分为2组,采用西药(醋酸泼尼松片+复方环磷酰胺片)治疗为对照组,采用麻杏泻白散联合西药治疗为观察组,每组均为50例,2组均连续治疗6个月。比较2组患者临床疗效,治疗前后2组肺功能(第1秒用力呼气容积、用力肺活量、CO弥散量)、肿瘤标志物(癌胚抗原、神经原特异性烯醇化酶、糖类抗原199、糖类抗原125)、血清学指标(白细胞介素6、中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值、血小板与淋巴细胞比值),以及治疗期间发生不良反应的情况。结果:观察组有效率高于对照组;与治疗前比,经6个月治疗后2组患者第1秒用力呼气容积、用力肺活量、CO弥散量水平均上升,观察组比对照组高;与治疗前比,经6个月治疗后2组患者癌胚抗原、神经原特异性烯醇化酶、糖类抗原199、糖类抗原125水平均下降,观察组比对照组低;与治疗前比,经6个月治疗后2组患者白细胞介素-6、中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值、血小板与淋巴细胞比值均下降,观察组比对照组低,差异均有统计学意义;治疗期间观察组不良反应发生率低于对照组,差异无统计学意义。结论:麻杏泻白散联合西药治疗结缔组织病相关性间质性肺疾病急性加重期患者疗效显著,能够改善患者肺功能,减轻机体炎症反应,降低机体肿瘤标志物表达水平,且安全性良好。

抗Ro52抗体和抗Ro60抗体在结缔组织病中的临床价值分析

目的探讨抗Ro52抗体和抗Ro60抗体在结缔组织病(connective tissue disease,CTD)中的临床意义,分析其对结缔组织病相关间质性肺病(CTD associated interstitial lung disease,CTD-ILD)的风险预测价值。方法纳入2019年10月至2021年1月在河北医科大学第二医院风湿免疫科住院并明确诊断为CTD的患者785例,并收集其临床资料。依据患者抗Ro52抗体和抗Ro60抗体的表达情况分为4组:Ro52^(+)Ro60^(-)组(n=94)、Ro52^(-)Ro60^(+)组(n=80)、Ro52^(+)Ro60^(+)组(n=251)和Ro52^(-)Ro60^(-)组(n=360);依据有无ILD将患者分为两组:CTD合并ILD组(n=243)和CTD不合并ILD组(n=542)。比较各组临床资料差异,采用logistic逐步回归进行多因素分析,评估抗Ro52抗体和抗Ro60抗体对CTD,尤其CTD-ILD的临床风险评估。结果患者抗Ro52抗体和抗Ro60抗体表达情况存在差异,不同组别间一般资料、临床症状、细胞因子、免疫球蛋白、补体和自身抗体方面差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。男性发生ILD的概率增加了56.7%;年龄每增加1岁,发生ILD的风险将增加3.8%;抗Ro52^(+)Ro60^(-)抗体的CTD患者比其他患者发生ILD的概率高。结论抗Ro52抗体阳性、男性和高龄是CTD患者发生ILD的独立危险因素。抗Ro52和抗Ro60抗体在CTD中作用复杂,应该替代传统的抗SSA抗体分别做为独立的抗体来进行检测。

补阳还五汤治疗气虚血瘀型结缔组织病相关间质性肺病临床研究

目的观察补阳还五汤加减治疗气虚血瘀型结缔组织病相关间质性肺病(CTD-ILD)的临床效果。方法将60例气虚血瘀型CTD-ILD患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,每组30例。对照组予以常规西医治疗,治疗组在对照组的基础上加用补阳还五汤加减治疗,共治疗4周。观察2组6 min步行试验、用力肺活量(FVC)。结果治疗后,2组的6 min步行试验、FVC均较治疗前改善,且治疗组优于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论补阳还五汤加减治疗气虚血瘀型CTD-ILD能改善患者的呼吸困难症状,增强肺功能。

炎症指标在结缔组织病相关间质性肺病并发呼吸衰竭中的预测价值

目的探讨炎症指标在结缔组织病相关间质性肺病(connective tissue disease-associated interstitial lung diseases,CTD-ILDs)并发呼吸衰竭(respiratory failure,RF)中的预测价值。方法回顾性分析2017-01/2023-05月在作者医院就诊的200例CTD-ILDs患者基础资料、氧分压(oxygen partial pressure,PaO_(2))、二氧化碳分压(partial pressure of carbon dioxide,PaCO_(2))、白细胞计数(white blood cell,WBC)、淋巴细胞计数(lymphocyte,LYM)、单核细胞计数(monocyte,MONO)、中性粒细胞计数(neutrophil,NEUT)、血小板计数(platelet,PLT)、血红蛋白(hemoglobin,Hb)、血清白蛋白(albumin,ALB)、红细胞沉降率(erythrocyte sedimentation rate,ESR)、C反应蛋白(C reactive protein,CRP)、降钙素原(procalcitonin,PCT);计算两组患者的中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值(neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio,NLR)、血小板/淋巴细胞比率(platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio,PLR)、淋巴细胞与单核细胞比值(lymphocyte to monocyte ratio,LMR)、系统免疫炎症指数(systemic immune inflammatory index,SII)、预后营养指数(prognostic nutritional index,PNI)、系统免疫炎症营养指数(systematic immune inflammation nutritional index,SIINI)水平。根据入院时PaO_(2)结果将患者分为RF组和非RF组。比较两组患者的基础资料,将各炎症指标与PaO_(2)水平进行Spearman相关性分析;并将炎症指标对CTD-ILDs患者并发RF进行多因素Logistic回归分析;采用受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线分析炎症指标对CTD-ILDs患者并发RF的预测价值。结果RF组患者的病程、年龄、WBC、MONO、NEUT、CRP、PCT、NLR、SII、SIINI水平均明显高于非RF组(P均<0.05),PaO_(2)、LYM、LMR、PNI明显低于非RF组(P均<0.05)。PaO_(2)与NLR、SII、SIINI呈负相关,与LMR、PNI呈正相关;NLR与SII、SIINI呈正相关,与LMR、PNI呈负相关;SII与SIINI呈正相关,与LMR呈负相关;SIINI与LMR、PNI呈负相关;LMR与PNI呈正相关(P均<0.05)。NLR升高是CTD-ILDs并发RF的独立危险因素和预测因素,NLR预测CTD-ILDs并发RF的曲线下面积(area under the curve,AUC)为0.765,SII、SIINI预测CTD-ILDs并发RF的AUC分别为0.684、0.683,三者联合检测的AUC为0.783。结论NLR升高是CTD-ILDs患者并发RF的独立危险因素。NLR、SII、SIINI三者联合对CTD-ILDs患者并发RF的预测能力优于任一单项指标。

结缔组织病合并肺间质病变患者血清中miR-133a和miR-424表达及与T淋巴细胞亚群关系的研究

目的 探究结缔组织病(connective tissue disease,CTD)合并肺间质病变(interstitial lung disease,ILD)患者血清中miR-133a和miR-424表达及与T淋巴细胞亚群的关系。方法 选取我院2019年12月至2022年12月收治的96例CTD-ILD患者为CTD-ILD组,选择同期我院收治的CTD无ILD患者96例为对照组。采用实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)法检测血清miR-133a和miR-424水平;通过流式细胞仪检测T淋巴细胞亚群水平。采用Pearson法分析miR-133a、miR-424与T淋巴细胞亚群的关系。结果 与对照组相比,CTD-ILD组血清中miR-133a水平显著降低,miR-424的表达水平显著升高(P<0.05)。不同肺通气障碍程度下,轻度、中度和重度患者血清中miR-133a表达水平依次显著降低,miR-424表达水平依次显著升高(P<0.05)。不同肺弥散功能障碍分级下,轻度、中度和重度患者血清中miR-133a表达水平依次显著降低,miR-424表达水平依次显著升高(P<0.05)。CTD-ILD组CD4^(+)、CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)水平与对照组相比显著升高,CD8^(+)、CD3^(+)水平显著降低(P<0.05)。miR-133a与CD4^(+)均呈负相关关系,与CD8^(+)、CD3^(+)呈正相关关系;miR-424与CD4^(+)均呈正相关关系,与CD8^(+)、CD3^(+)呈负相关关系(P<0.05)。结论 CTD-ILD患者血清miR-133a表达水平降低,miR-424表达水平升高,且与患者T淋巴细胞亚群有关。

结缔组织病相关间质性肺疾病影像学研究进展

间质性肺疾病是结缔组织病常见的肺受累疾病,严重影响患者生存率及生存质量。因结缔组织病的全病程中均可并发间质性肺疾病,影像学在结缔组织病相关间质性肺疾病的全疾病周期中均具有重要作用。目前高分辨计算机断层扫描是结缔组织病相关间质性肺疾病筛查、诊断和随访的基石,但电离辐射是其临床应用的潜在限制因素。近年来,新影像学技术发展迅速,在结缔组织病相关间质性肺疾病早期筛查、诊断和疗效评估等方面取得了一些有前景的研究成果,逐步向无创、低辐射、精准的影像学分析技术迈进。本文对结缔组织病相关间质性肺疾病影像学研究进展进行综述,并分析各种新影像学技术的优势、不足及面临的挑战与展望。

KL-6、IL-17与CTD-ILD的相关性研究

目的比较KL-6、IL-17在CTD-ILD与CTD中表达水平的差异,探讨KL-6、IL-17在CTD-ILD中的诊断价值,并分析KL-6、IL-17与肺弥散功能的相关性,为CTD-ILD的诊断和病情严重程度的评估提供依据。方法选取2022年9月1日至2024年01月31日就诊于昆明市第一人民医院的患者。总共收集结缔组织病合并间质性肺疾病患者30例,纳为实验组,即CTD-ILD组;总共收集结缔组织病患者39例,纳为对照组,即CTD组。采用ELISA双夹心抗体法检测KL-6、IL-17,将收集数据进行相关性分析。结果(1)CTDILD组的血清KL-6、IL-17高于CTD组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。(2)KL-6与DLCO%pred之间存在负相关关系(P<0.05),IL-17与DLCO%pred不存在相关关系。(3)通过绘制受试者工作特性曲线(ROC)显示:KL-6、IL-17对诊断CTD-ILD的AUC分别为0.902、0.656。结论KL-6、IL-17可作为诊断CTD-ILD的指标,其中,KL-6的诊断价值高于IL-17。KL-6可作为评价肺弥散功能严重程度的指标;而IL-17不能作为评价肺弥散功能严重程度的指标。

痰液检测评估结缔组织相关间质性肺病局部免疫的临床意义及进展

痰液检测作为一种应用广泛的无创性检查,可用于评估肺组织局部的免疫状态,但目前其在非感染性肺实质性疾病中的应用有限。本文回顾了近20年间关于肺间质病患者痰液的相关研究,总结痰液的获取方式和组成成分,以及痰液在多种结缔组织相关间质性肺病中的研究成果,探讨其临床诊断、治疗及随访应用价值。