Consciousness is a prismatic and ambiguous concept that still eludes any universal definition. Severe acquired brain injuries resulting in a disorder of con-sciousness(DOC) provide a model from which insights into con...Consciousness is a prismatic and ambiguous concept that still eludes any universal definition. Severe acquired brain injuries resulting in a disorder of con-sciousness(DOC) provide a model from which insights into consciousness can be drawn. A number of recent studies highlight the difficulty in making a diagnosis in patients with DOC based only on behavioral assessments. Here we aim to provide an overview of how neuroimaging techniques can help assess patients with DOC. Such techniques are expected to facilitate a more accurate understanding of brain function in states of unconsciousness and to improve the evaluation of thepatient's cognitive abilities by providing both diagnostic and prognostic indicators.展开更多
The residual consciousness of unconscious patients can be detected by studying the P300, a wave among event-related potentials. Previous studies have applied tones, the subject＇s name and other names as stimuli. Howe...The residual consciousness of unconscious patients can be detected by studying the P300, a wave among event-related potentials. Previous studies have applied tones, the subject＇s name and other names as stimuli. However, the results were not satisfactory. In this study, we changed the constituent order of subjects＇ two-character names to create derived names. The subject＇s derived names, together with tones and their own names, were used as auditory stimuli in event-related potential experiments. Healthy controls and unconscious patients were included in this study and made to listen to these auditory stimuli. In the two paradigms, a sine tone followed by the subject＇s own name and the subject＇s derived name followed by the subject＇s own name were used as standard and deviant stimuli, respectively. The results showed that all healthy controls had the P300 using both paradigms, and that the P300 in the second paradigm had a longer latency and two peaks. All minimally conscious state patients had the P300 in the first paradigm and the majority of them had the P300 in the second paradigm. Most vegetative state patients had no P300. Patients who showed the P300 in the two paradigms had more residual consciousness, and patients with the two-peak P300 had a higher probability of awakening within a short time. Our experimental findings suggest that the P300 event-related potential could reflect the conscious state of unconscious patients.展开更多
Elucidation of critical brain areas or structures that are responsible for recovery of impaired consciousness in patients with disorders of consciousness is important because it can provide information that is useful ...Elucidation of critical brain areas or structures that are responsible for recovery of impaired consciousness in patients with disorders of consciousness is important because it can provide information that is useful when developing therapeutic strategies for neurorehabilitation or neurointervention in patients with disorders of consciousness.In this review,studies that have demonstrated brain changes during recovery of impaired consciousness were reviewed.These studies used positron emission tomography,electroencephalography/transcranial magnetic stimulation,diffusion tensor tractography,and diffusion tensor tractography/electroencephalography.The majority of these studies reported on the importance of supratentorial areas or structures in the recovery of impaired consciousness.The important brain areas or structures that were identified were the prefrontal cortex,basal forebrain,anterior cingulate cortex,and parietal cortex.These results have a clinically important implication that these brain areas or structures can be target areas for neurorehabilitation or neurointervention in patients with disorders of consciousness.However,most of studies were case reports;therefore,further original studies involving larger numbers of patients with disorders of consciousness are warranted.In addition,more detailed information on the brain areas or structures that are relevant to the recovery of impaired consciousness is needed.展开更多
This article aims to approach the“spontaneous healing”of Sister Bernardette Moriau from the view point of transpersonal psychology or psychology of consciousness and also to compare it with the“spiritual awakening...This article aims to approach the“spontaneous healing”of Sister Bernardette Moriau from the view point of transpersonal psychology or psychology of consciousness and also to compare it with the“spiritual awakening”of the philosopher Jiddu Krishnamurti.Thus,within this scope of investigation,this article will refer to the so-called“modified states of consciousness”characteristic of these transcendental experiences,which are promoted by prayer and meditation,leading to“heat release”and“muscle relaxation”.These two cases of studies are part of the so-called“manifestations of the sacred”in the reality of contemporary society,which are studied by the Transcendence Neurology.This might contribute to a deeper knowledge of the role and place of ourselves in the Universe.展开更多
目的探讨三氧自体输血在改善脑卒中恢复期患者意识状态和运动功能中的疗效。方法选取2016年8月~2021年9月在本院康复科接受治疗并确诊为脑卒中恢复期的患者共44例,采用盲法随机分为实验组(n=22,三氧自体输血治疗,采集患者肘正中静脉血20...目的探讨三氧自体输血在改善脑卒中恢复期患者意识状态和运动功能中的疗效。方法选取2016年8月~2021年9月在本院康复科接受治疗并确诊为脑卒中恢复期的患者共44例,采用盲法随机分为实验组(n=22,三氧自体输血治疗,采集患者肘正中静脉血200 mL,间隔2~3 d 1次,12次为1个疗程,同时进行一般康复训练(即运动疗法、作业疗法、针灸治疗、经颅磁刺激技术治疗)和对照组(一般康复训练),对2组患者治疗前后的意识状态(GCS评分)、日常生活能力(Barthel指数评分)得分情况统计与比较分析,并观察评估上田敏运动功能分级、Brunnstrom分期、肌张力分级。结果实验(治疗)结束后,实验组与对照组比较:1)GCS评分为14.82±0.39 vs 12.41±2.52、Barthel评分为61.14±12.24 vs 52.05±11.72(P<0.05);2)运动功能恢复率为95.45%(21/22)vs 63.64%(14/22)(P<0.05);3)肌张力总恢复率为90.91%(20/22)vs 63.64%(14/22)(P<0.05)。结论三氧自体输血对于脑卒中恢复期患者的意识状态、运动功能和肌张力有一定的改善作用,具备较高的安全性和有效性。展开更多
基金Supported by The European Commissionthe James McDon-nell Foundation+5 种基金the European Space AgencyMind Science Foundationthe French Speaking Community Concerted Research Actionthe Belgian interuniversity attraction polethe Public Utility Foundation"Université Européenne du Travail""Fondazione Europea di Ricerca Biomedica"and the University and University Hospital of Liège
文摘Consciousness is a prismatic and ambiguous concept that still eludes any universal definition. Severe acquired brain injuries resulting in a disorder of con-sciousness(DOC) provide a model from which insights into consciousness can be drawn. A number of recent studies highlight the difficulty in making a diagnosis in patients with DOC based only on behavioral assessments. Here we aim to provide an overview of how neuroimaging techniques can help assess patients with DOC. Such techniques are expected to facilitate a more accurate understanding of brain function in states of unconsciousness and to improve the evaluation of thepatient's cognitive abilities by providing both diagnostic and prognostic indicators.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81371194
文摘The residual consciousness of unconscious patients can be detected by studying the P300, a wave among event-related potentials. Previous studies have applied tones, the subject＇s name and other names as stimuli. However, the results were not satisfactory. In this study, we changed the constituent order of subjects＇ two-character names to create derived names. The subject＇s derived names, together with tones and their own names, were used as auditory stimuli in event-related potential experiments. Healthy controls and unconscious patients were included in this study and made to listen to these auditory stimuli. In the two paradigms, a sine tone followed by the subject＇s own name and the subject＇s derived name followed by the subject＇s own name were used as standard and deviant stimuli, respectively. The results showed that all healthy controls had the P300 using both paradigms, and that the P300 in the second paradigm had a longer latency and two peaks. All minimally conscious state patients had the P300 in the first paradigm and the majority of them had the P300 in the second paradigm. Most vegetative state patients had no P300. Patients who showed the P300 in the two paradigms had more residual consciousness, and patients with the two-peak P300 had a higher probability of awakening within a short time. Our experimental findings suggest that the P300 event-related potential could reflect the conscious state of unconscious patients.
基金supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grant funded by the Korean Government(MSIP)(No.2018R1A2B6000996to SHJ)
文摘Elucidation of critical brain areas or structures that are responsible for recovery of impaired consciousness in patients with disorders of consciousness is important because it can provide information that is useful when developing therapeutic strategies for neurorehabilitation or neurointervention in patients with disorders of consciousness.In this review,studies that have demonstrated brain changes during recovery of impaired consciousness were reviewed.These studies used positron emission tomography,electroencephalography/transcranial magnetic stimulation,diffusion tensor tractography,and diffusion tensor tractography/electroencephalography.The majority of these studies reported on the importance of supratentorial areas or structures in the recovery of impaired consciousness.The important brain areas or structures that were identified were the prefrontal cortex,basal forebrain,anterior cingulate cortex,and parietal cortex.These results have a clinically important implication that these brain areas or structures can be target areas for neurorehabilitation or neurointervention in patients with disorders of consciousness.However,most of studies were case reports;therefore,further original studies involving larger numbers of patients with disorders of consciousness are warranted.In addition,more detailed information on the brain areas or structures that are relevant to the recovery of impaired consciousness is needed.
文摘This article aims to approach the“spontaneous healing”of Sister Bernardette Moriau from the view point of transpersonal psychology or psychology of consciousness and also to compare it with the“spiritual awakening”of the philosopher Jiddu Krishnamurti.Thus,within this scope of investigation,this article will refer to the so-called“modified states of consciousness”characteristic of these transcendental experiences,which are promoted by prayer and meditation,leading to“heat release”and“muscle relaxation”.These two cases of studies are part of the so-called“manifestations of the sacred”in the reality of contemporary society,which are studied by the Transcendence Neurology.This might contribute to a deeper knowledge of the role and place of ourselves in the Universe.
文摘目的探讨三氧自体输血在改善脑卒中恢复期患者意识状态和运动功能中的疗效。方法选取2016年8月~2021年9月在本院康复科接受治疗并确诊为脑卒中恢复期的患者共44例,采用盲法随机分为实验组(n=22,三氧自体输血治疗,采集患者肘正中静脉血200 mL,间隔2~3 d 1次,12次为1个疗程,同时进行一般康复训练(即运动疗法、作业疗法、针灸治疗、经颅磁刺激技术治疗)和对照组(一般康复训练),对2组患者治疗前后的意识状态(GCS评分)、日常生活能力(Barthel指数评分)得分情况统计与比较分析,并观察评估上田敏运动功能分级、Brunnstrom分期、肌张力分级。结果实验(治疗)结束后,实验组与对照组比较:1)GCS评分为14.82±0.39 vs 12.41±2.52、Barthel评分为61.14±12.24 vs 52.05±11.72(P<0.05);2)运动功能恢复率为95.45%(21/22)vs 63.64%(14/22)(P<0.05);3)肌张力总恢复率为90.91%(20/22)vs 63.64%(14/22)(P<0.05)。结论三氧自体输血对于脑卒中恢复期患者的意识状态、运动功能和肌张力有一定的改善作用,具备较高的安全性和有效性。
