Neuroinflammation has been identified as a crucial element in several neurological disorders. Glial cells play a critical role in directing neuroinflammation, both in deleterious and beneficial ways.
This article explores the ethical considerations surrounding the reporting of offlabel and experimental treatments in medical case reports,with a focus on fields such as oncology,psychiatry,and pediatrics.It emphasize...This article explores the ethical considerations surrounding the reporting of offlabel and experimental treatments in medical case reports,with a focus on fields such as oncology,psychiatry,and pediatrics.It emphasizes the balance between innovation and evidence-based medicine,highlighting the critical role of case reports in disseminating clinical experiences and advancing medical knowledge.The discussion delves into the ethical framework guiding case reporting,including principles of patient autonomy,informed consent,non-maleficence,beneficence,justice,and transparency.Challenges such as negative outcome reporting,commercial interests,and the balance between innovation and caution are examined.Recommendations for ethical vigilance,the development of comprehensive guidelines,and the role of regulatory bodies are proposed to ensure patient safety and uphold scientific integrity.The article concludes by underscoring the importance of a collaborative effort among clinicians,researchers,ethicists,and regulatory bodies to foster the responsible advancement of medical science while adhering to the highest ethical standards.展开更多
Cloud computing plays a significant role in modern information technology, providing organizations with numerous benefits, including flexibility, scalability, and cost-efficiency. However, it has become essential for ...Cloud computing plays a significant role in modern information technology, providing organizations with numerous benefits, including flexibility, scalability, and cost-efficiency. However, it has become essential for organizations to ensure the security of their applications, data, and cloud-based networks to use cloud services effectively. This systematic literature review aims to determine the latest information regarding cloud computing security, with a specific emphasis on threats and mitigation strategies. Additionally, it highlights some common threats related to cloud computing security, such as distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks, account hijacking, malware attacks, and data breaches. This research also explores some mitigation strategies, including security awareness training, vulnerability management, security information and event management (SIEM), identity and access management (IAM), and encryption techniques. It discusses emerging trends in cloud security, such as integrating artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML), serverless computing, and containerization, as well as the effectiveness of the shared responsibility model and its related challenges. The importance of user awareness and the impact of emerging technologies on cloud security have also been discussed in detail to mitigate security risks. A literature review of previous research and scholarly articles has also been conducted to provide insights regarding cloud computing security. It shows the need for continuous research and innovation to address emerging threats and maintain a security-conscious culture in the company.展开更多
Surveillance systems are vital for detecting,managing,and mitigating infectious disease outbreaks.This review highlights the importance of modern technologies like AI and big data in enhancing surveillancecapabilities...Surveillance systems are vital for detecting,managing,and mitigating infectious disease outbreaks.This review highlights the importance of modern technologies like AI and big data in enhancing surveillancecapabilities.It underscores the need for global collaboration and examines the role of surveillance in diseases likeinfluenza,Ebola,and COVID-19.Technological innovations such as geospatial mapping and wearable healthdevices are transforming disease control,though they raise ethical concerns about privacy.Continuousadvancements and ethical safeguards are crucial for effective surveillance and global health protection.展开更多
Two hydroelectric power stations built by China have considerably improved the quality of life for Guineans.For Sonkou Condé,28 September is an unforgettable date,because that is when the Kaléta dam,a projec...Two hydroelectric power stations built by China have considerably improved the quality of life for Guineans.For Sonkou Condé,28 September is an unforgettable date,because that is when the Kaléta dam,a project in which he was actively involved as an employee,was inaugurated.On this day,traditional Guinean music resounded over the construction site,accompanied by singing and dancing,which vividly displayed the joy and satisfaction of the local people.展开更多
To make oral test accurately reflect the actual English spoken ability of candidates and play its role in guiding and promoting the improvement of English learners in the teaching, we must ensure that the design of sc...To make oral test accurately reflect the actual English spoken ability of candidates and play its role in guiding and promoting the improvement of English learners in the teaching, we must ensure that the design of scientific questions, the feasibility and validity of judgments to make an accurate and fair measurement of testers' language ability.展开更多
Speaking is the main purpose and most important skill for second language learning.This paper reviews the important validity considerations in designing a test,such as face validity,content validity,on the basis of wh...Speaking is the main purpose and most important skill for second language learning.This paper reviews the important validity considerations in designing a test,such as face validity,content validity,on the basis of which the author analyzes the oral test paper for the postgraduate entrance interview in Shaanxi University of Technology,thus putting forward some methods to improve the test paper.展开更多
It is currently believed that light quantum or the quantization of light energy is beyond classical physics, and the picture of wave-particle duality, which was criticized by Einstein but has attracted a number of exp...It is currently believed that light quantum or the quantization of light energy is beyond classical physics, and the picture of wave-particle duality, which was criticized by Einstein but has attracted a number of experimental researches, is necessary for the description of light. It is shown in this paper, however, that the quantization of light energy in vacuum, which is the same as that in quantum electrodynamics, can be derived directly from the classical electromagnetic theory through the consideration of statistics based on classical physics. Therefore, the quantization of energy is an intrinsic property of light as a classical electromagnetic wave and has no need of being related to particles.展开更多
This study provides empirical evidence on the link between economic growth and nutrition transition in two emerging economies, China and Russia. Both countries have experienced rising average incomes, accompanied by a...This study provides empirical evidence on the link between economic growth and nutrition transition in two emerging economies, China and Russia. Both countries have experienced rising average incomes, accompanied by an increasing rate of nutrition-related chronic diseases in recent years. Given the regional heterogeneity between these two countries, we analyze the extent to which income growth as a major driver of nutrition transition has a significant effect on the consumption of different food aggregates and how these effects differ between Chinese and Russian consumers. Our results indicate that with increasing household incomes over time the demand for carbohydrates decreases, while the demand for meat and dairy products, as well as fruits increases. This is a development generally known as nutrition transition. Further, we estimate a Quadratic Almost Ideal Demand System（QUAIDS） for nine different food aggregates for China and Russia. Our results indicate that in both countries all food aggregates have positive expenditure elasticities and are thus normal goods. Moreover, our results indicate that in 2008/2009 meat is still a luxury good in China yet a necessity good in Russia. For 2009, the highest own-price elasticities in China are found for non-meat protein sources and dairy products. Within the meat group, beef, poultry and mutton have the highest price elasticities in China. In Russia, the milk and dairy group, together with the vegetable group, is the most price-elastic food group in 2008. In line with the definition of a nutrition transition, our overall results underscore the finding that income growth in China and Russia tends to increase the demand for animal-based products much stronger than, for example, the demand for carbohydrates. Despite being a positive signal for problems of malnutrition in rural China, this trend of increasing meat consumption might further increase the incidence of chronic diseases in urban areas since there is convincing scientific evidence that increasing meat consumption, especially red and processed meat, is associated with an increased risk of chronic diseases.展开更多
The distribution of low skin impedance points(LSIP)was studied on 68 subjects with a computersystem designed for the measurement of skin impedance.The results demonstrated that LSIPswere basically distributed along th...The distribution of low skin impedance points(LSIP)was studied on 68 subjects with a computersystem designed for the measurement of skin impedance.The results demonstrated that LSIPswere basically distributed along the 14 channels,the overwhelming majority located right on orwithin 5 mm bilaterally to their courses.LSIPs were found in the area between every two chan-nels only in a few cases.Moreover,there was no marked natural fluctuation of skin impedance inthe human body and the distribution of LSIPs was considerably stable,which could be plotted onany day in the experiment.It is clear that such particular distribution of LSIPs along channelswas really a biological phenomenon,not an experimental error.However,the distribution of lowskin impedance was not an uninterrupted solid line but a series of LSIPs basically along thechannel course.The method used in this work was accurate,reliable and repeatable which hasupgraded the measurement of LSIPs to a new level.Under certain conditions,skin impedancecan be used as an objective index in channel research.展开更多
New variola(NV)-mpox(monkeypox)-is a zoonosis caused by the mpox virus,which belongs to the genus Orthopoxvirus in the family Poxviridae.This disease,in the present year(2022),has caused several cases and deaths aroun...New variola(NV)-mpox(monkeypox)-is a zoonosis caused by the mpox virus,which belongs to the genus Orthopoxvirus in the family Poxviridae.This disease,in the present year(2022),has caused several cases and deaths around the world,including Brazil[1].The group of poxviruses,in which the species that causes NV is included,consists of agents widely distributed in nature.Due to their considerably large size,they were among the first viruses to be microscopically visualized.The Poxviridae family is capable of infecting epithelial and connective tissue cells.Currently,such a viral family is classified as a genome lineage composed of doublestranded DNA,completely independent of the host nucleus[1].展开更多
Physical activity(PA)significantly reduces the risk of viral infections1,2 and levels of anxiety.3,4 In addition to its shortterm benefits,regular PA lowers one’s risk of suffering from chronic health conditions(e.g....Physical activity(PA)significantly reduces the risk of viral infections1,2 and levels of anxiety.3,4 In addition to its shortterm benefits,regular PA lowers one’s risk of suffering from chronic health conditions(e.g.,diabetes,coronary heart disease,and hypertension),which are cited as the most frequent comorbidities in recent studies of coronavirus disease-2019(COVID-19).5 Because of the COVID-19 pandemic that has become a global problem,many will face the necessity of requiring hundreds of millions of people to volitionally selfconfine themselves in their own homes,or even be“locked down”in a quarantined community.Confinement affects most aspects of human physiology considerably.展开更多
Analgesics have consistently remained the most common substance involved in human poisonings in the United States, with immediate action opioid analgesics associated with the greatest percent of fatalities per exposure.
For underwater drag reduction, one promising idea is to form a continuous gas or discrete bubbly layer at the submerged surface. Owing to the lower viscosity of gas than of water, this could considerably reduce underw...For underwater drag reduction, one promising idea is to form a continuous gas or discrete bubbly layer at the submerged surface. Owing to the lower viscosity of gas than of water, this could considerably reduce underwater drag by achieving slippage at the liquid–gas interface. This paper presents an experimental investigation on underwater drag reduction using partial cavitation. Dense hydrophobic micro-grooved structures sustain gas in the valleys, which can be considered as defects that weaken the strength of the water body. Therefore, partial cavities are easily formed at lower flow speeds, and the dense cavities connect to form a lubricating gas layer at the solid–liquid interface. The results indicate that the proposed method achieves drag reduction without any additional energy or gas-providing devices, which should stimulate the development of underwater vehicles.展开更多
The paper states the characteristics and basic market positioning of WiMAX. It should be noted that WiMax is a new generation WMAN (Wideband MAN) broadband wireless access standard with good forward extensibility. It ...The paper states the characteristics and basic market positioning of WiMAX. It should be noted that WiMax is a new generation WMAN (Wideband MAN) broadband wireless access standard with good forward extensibility. It is emphasized that the basic market positioning of WiMAX should be nothing but WMAN applications. It is predicted that the applications of WiMax would face severe challenges mainly due to its high cost, at least at the initial stage. Finally the paper gives all-around analysis on the relationship between Wi-Fi, WiMAX, WBMA, 3G, 3G+ and 4G.展开更多
We investigated the effects of pipe diameter on the corrosion resistance of stainless steel type 304 pipes using electrochemical measurements. Compared to plate steel, pipes have harder physical properties and tend to...We investigated the effects of pipe diameter on the corrosion resistance of stainless steel type 304 pipes using electrochemical measurements. Compared to plate steel, pipes have harder physical properties and tend to be harder and showed greater permeability with decreasing inner diameter. We found that the maximum corrosion current density in the secondary active state, which is the starting point of secondary passivation, appeared in the polarization curve measurement in tap water. Similar to the Vickers hardness and the maximum current density in the secondary active state, the permeability tended to increase as the diameter decreased. This is thought to increase the amount of deformation-induced martensitic and increase corrosion susceptibility. The peak of the secondary active current density was clearly seen as the potential sweep speed was increased. In addition, potential sweep speed dependence was observed in the corrosion susceptibility evaluation of deformation-induced martensite. In comparison with acid treatment, the formation of deformation-induced martensite was considered to occur in the extreme surface layer. The maximum corrosion current density in the secondary active state is expected to be a new susceptibility evaluation method for evaluating the deformation-induced martensitic transformation.展开更多
基金supported by a grant from the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation(NRF),which is funded by the Korean government(MSIP)(NRF-2020M3E5D9079764)(to KS)。
文摘Neuroinflammation has been identified as a crucial element in several neurological disorders. Glial cells play a critical role in directing neuroinflammation, both in deleterious and beneficial ways.
文摘This article explores the ethical considerations surrounding the reporting of offlabel and experimental treatments in medical case reports,with a focus on fields such as oncology,psychiatry,and pediatrics.It emphasizes the balance between innovation and evidence-based medicine,highlighting the critical role of case reports in disseminating clinical experiences and advancing medical knowledge.The discussion delves into the ethical framework guiding case reporting,including principles of patient autonomy,informed consent,non-maleficence,beneficence,justice,and transparency.Challenges such as negative outcome reporting,commercial interests,and the balance between innovation and caution are examined.Recommendations for ethical vigilance,the development of comprehensive guidelines,and the role of regulatory bodies are proposed to ensure patient safety and uphold scientific integrity.The article concludes by underscoring the importance of a collaborative effort among clinicians,researchers,ethicists,and regulatory bodies to foster the responsible advancement of medical science while adhering to the highest ethical standards.
文摘Cloud computing plays a significant role in modern information technology, providing organizations with numerous benefits, including flexibility, scalability, and cost-efficiency. However, it has become essential for organizations to ensure the security of their applications, data, and cloud-based networks to use cloud services effectively. This systematic literature review aims to determine the latest information regarding cloud computing security, with a specific emphasis on threats and mitigation strategies. Additionally, it highlights some common threats related to cloud computing security, such as distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks, account hijacking, malware attacks, and data breaches. This research also explores some mitigation strategies, including security awareness training, vulnerability management, security information and event management (SIEM), identity and access management (IAM), and encryption techniques. It discusses emerging trends in cloud security, such as integrating artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML), serverless computing, and containerization, as well as the effectiveness of the shared responsibility model and its related challenges. The importance of user awareness and the impact of emerging technologies on cloud security have also been discussed in detail to mitigate security risks. A literature review of previous research and scholarly articles has also been conducted to provide insights regarding cloud computing security. It shows the need for continuous research and innovation to address emerging threats and maintain a security-conscious culture in the company.
文摘Surveillance systems are vital for detecting,managing,and mitigating infectious disease outbreaks.This review highlights the importance of modern technologies like AI and big data in enhancing surveillancecapabilities.It underscores the need for global collaboration and examines the role of surveillance in diseases likeinfluenza,Ebola,and COVID-19.Technological innovations such as geospatial mapping and wearable healthdevices are transforming disease control,though they raise ethical concerns about privacy.Continuousadvancements and ethical safeguards are crucial for effective surveillance and global health protection.
文摘Two hydroelectric power stations built by China have considerably improved the quality of life for Guineans.For Sonkou Condé,28 September is an unforgettable date,because that is when the Kaléta dam,a project in which he was actively involved as an employee,was inaugurated.On this day,traditional Guinean music resounded over the construction site,accompanied by singing and dancing,which vividly displayed the joy and satisfaction of the local people.
文摘To make oral test accurately reflect the actual English spoken ability of candidates and play its role in guiding and promoting the improvement of English learners in the teaching, we must ensure that the design of scientific questions, the feasibility and validity of judgments to make an accurate and fair measurement of testers' language ability.
文摘Speaking is the main purpose and most important skill for second language learning.This paper reviews the important validity considerations in designing a test,such as face validity,content validity,on the basis of which the author analyzes the oral test paper for the postgraduate entrance interview in Shaanxi University of Technology,thus putting forward some methods to improve the test paper.
文摘It is currently believed that light quantum or the quantization of light energy is beyond classical physics, and the picture of wave-particle duality, which was criticized by Einstein but has attracted a number of experimental researches, is necessary for the description of light. It is shown in this paper, however, that the quantization of light energy in vacuum, which is the same as that in quantum electrodynamics, can be derived directly from the classical electromagnetic theory through the consideration of statistics based on classical physics. Therefore, the quantization of energy is an intrinsic property of light as a classical electromagnetic wave and has no need of being related to particles.
文摘This study provides empirical evidence on the link between economic growth and nutrition transition in two emerging economies, China and Russia. Both countries have experienced rising average incomes, accompanied by an increasing rate of nutrition-related chronic diseases in recent years. Given the regional heterogeneity between these two countries, we analyze the extent to which income growth as a major driver of nutrition transition has a significant effect on the consumption of different food aggregates and how these effects differ between Chinese and Russian consumers. Our results indicate that with increasing household incomes over time the demand for carbohydrates decreases, while the demand for meat and dairy products, as well as fruits increases. This is a development generally known as nutrition transition. Further, we estimate a Quadratic Almost Ideal Demand System（QUAIDS） for nine different food aggregates for China and Russia. Our results indicate that in both countries all food aggregates have positive expenditure elasticities and are thus normal goods. Moreover, our results indicate that in 2008/2009 meat is still a luxury good in China yet a necessity good in Russia. For 2009, the highest own-price elasticities in China are found for non-meat protein sources and dairy products. Within the meat group, beef, poultry and mutton have the highest price elasticities in China. In Russia, the milk and dairy group, together with the vegetable group, is the most price-elastic food group in 2008. In line with the definition of a nutrition transition, our overall results underscore the finding that income growth in China and Russia tends to increase the demand for animal-based products much stronger than, for example, the demand for carbohydrates. Despite being a positive signal for problems of malnutrition in rural China, this trend of increasing meat consumption might further increase the incidence of chronic diseases in urban areas since there is convincing scientific evidence that increasing meat consumption, especially red and processed meat, is associated with an increased risk of chronic diseases.
文摘The distribution of low skin impedance points(LSIP)was studied on 68 subjects with a computersystem designed for the measurement of skin impedance.The results demonstrated that LSIPswere basically distributed along the 14 channels,the overwhelming majority located right on orwithin 5 mm bilaterally to their courses.LSIPs were found in the area between every two chan-nels only in a few cases.Moreover,there was no marked natural fluctuation of skin impedance inthe human body and the distribution of LSIPs was considerably stable,which could be plotted onany day in the experiment.It is clear that such particular distribution of LSIPs along channelswas really a biological phenomenon,not an experimental error.However,the distribution of lowskin impedance was not an uninterrupted solid line but a series of LSIPs basically along thechannel course.The method used in this work was accurate,reliable and repeatable which hasupgraded the measurement of LSIPs to a new level.Under certain conditions,skin impedancecan be used as an objective index in channel research.
文摘New variola(NV)-mpox(monkeypox)-is a zoonosis caused by the mpox virus,which belongs to the genus Orthopoxvirus in the family Poxviridae.This disease,in the present year(2022),has caused several cases and deaths around the world,including Brazil[1].The group of poxviruses,in which the species that causes NV is included,consists of agents widely distributed in nature.Due to their considerably large size,they were among the first viruses to be microscopically visualized.The Poxviridae family is capable of infecting epithelial and connective tissue cells.Currently,such a viral family is classified as a genome lineage composed of doublestranded DNA,completely independent of the host nucleus[1].
文摘Physical activity(PA)significantly reduces the risk of viral infections1,2 and levels of anxiety.3,4 In addition to its shortterm benefits,regular PA lowers one’s risk of suffering from chronic health conditions(e.g.,diabetes,coronary heart disease,and hypertension),which are cited as the most frequent comorbidities in recent studies of coronavirus disease-2019(COVID-19).5 Because of the COVID-19 pandemic that has become a global problem,many will face the necessity of requiring hundreds of millions of people to volitionally selfconfine themselves in their own homes,or even be“locked down”in a quarantined community.Confinement affects most aspects of human physiology considerably.
文摘Analgesics have consistently remained the most common substance involved in human poisonings in the United States, with immediate action opioid analgesics associated with the greatest percent of fatalities per exposure.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51105223,51075228,and 51605450)the Tribology Science Fund of State Key Laboratory of Tribology of China(Grant No.SKLTKF15A02)
文摘For underwater drag reduction, one promising idea is to form a continuous gas or discrete bubbly layer at the submerged surface. Owing to the lower viscosity of gas than of water, this could considerably reduce underwater drag by achieving slippage at the liquid–gas interface. This paper presents an experimental investigation on underwater drag reduction using partial cavitation. Dense hydrophobic micro-grooved structures sustain gas in the valleys, which can be considered as defects that weaken the strength of the water body. Therefore, partial cavities are easily formed at lower flow speeds, and the dense cavities connect to form a lubricating gas layer at the solid–liquid interface. The results indicate that the proposed method achieves drag reduction without any additional energy or gas-providing devices, which should stimulate the development of underwater vehicles.
文摘The paper states the characteristics and basic market positioning of WiMAX. It should be noted that WiMax is a new generation WMAN (Wideband MAN) broadband wireless access standard with good forward extensibility. It is emphasized that the basic market positioning of WiMAX should be nothing but WMAN applications. It is predicted that the applications of WiMax would face severe challenges mainly due to its high cost, at least at the initial stage. Finally the paper gives all-around analysis on the relationship between Wi-Fi, WiMAX, WBMA, 3G, 3G+ and 4G.
文摘We investigated the effects of pipe diameter on the corrosion resistance of stainless steel type 304 pipes using electrochemical measurements. Compared to plate steel, pipes have harder physical properties and tend to be harder and showed greater permeability with decreasing inner diameter. We found that the maximum corrosion current density in the secondary active state, which is the starting point of secondary passivation, appeared in the polarization curve measurement in tap water. Similar to the Vickers hardness and the maximum current density in the secondary active state, the permeability tended to increase as the diameter decreased. This is thought to increase the amount of deformation-induced martensitic and increase corrosion susceptibility. The peak of the secondary active current density was clearly seen as the potential sweep speed was increased. In addition, potential sweep speed dependence was observed in the corrosion susceptibility evaluation of deformation-induced martensite. In comparison with acid treatment, the formation of deformation-induced martensite was considered to occur in the extreme surface layer. The maximum corrosion current density in the secondary active state is expected to be a new susceptibility evaluation method for evaluating the deformation-induced martensitic transformation.
