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Consonance of Complex Tones with Harmonics of Different Intensity 被引量:1
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作者 Antonio Bernini Federico Talamucci 《Open Journal of Acoustics》 2014年第2期78-89,共12页
The starting point of this study is the theory of tonal consonance by Plomp and Levelt. The major reference point is the theory of Critical Band and its use for evaluating consonance of simple tones. On the basis of s... The starting point of this study is the theory of tonal consonance by Plomp and Levelt. The major reference point is the theory of Critical Band and its use for evaluating consonance of simple tones. On the basis of such empirical criterion, our aim consists in providing a method of estimating the value of consonance of complex tones, by taking account not only of the number of harmonics, but also of the intensity of the partials which contribute to forming the tone. By introducing a specific algorithm, the level of consonance of a chord of complex tones is expressed in terms both of frequency differences and sound intensity of the partials. The results give rise to a series of considerations and applications, ranging from displaying the order of consonance of all intervals within the octave up to evaluating the hierarchy of chords in the frame of a musical scale. 展开更多
关键词 consonance Complex TONES Scale Critical BANDWIDTH INTENSITY of HARMONICS LOUDNESS
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音乐中“协和”理论研究综述
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作者 费薇 《湖南科技学院学报》 2007年第4期187-191,共5页
本文主要概述了20世纪前音乐理论研究中有关“协和”的术语及内涵研究的历史,归纳和总结了国内外学者在“协和”理论研究中取得的成果。将对音乐“协和”的研究分为三种:第一种从生理层面进行状态表述;第二种从声音的物理属性来界定协... 本文主要概述了20世纪前音乐理论研究中有关“协和”的术语及内涵研究的历史,归纳和总结了国内外学者在“协和”理论研究中取得的成果。将对音乐“协和”的研究分为三种:第一种从生理层面进行状态表述;第二种从声音的物理属性来界定协和程度;第三种从心理感受层面描述协和体验。最后指出关于协和的研究的中立问题。 展开更多
关键词 协和 consonance 频率 一致性
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English is Easy to Learn but Difficult to Master
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作者 李彬 《海外英语》 2010年第1X期24-25,共2页
Nowadays English is more and more popular. There are a lot of books teaching people how to learn English. But it should be noted that although English is easy to learn,it is difficult to master. This paper analyzes th... Nowadays English is more and more popular. There are a lot of books teaching people how to learn English. But it should be noted that although English is easy to learn,it is difficult to master. This paper analyzes the reason why it is hard to master from three aspects:speech sounds,vocabulary,grammar.In this paper a large number of examples are given to illustrate the difficulties to master English. 展开更多
关键词 CONSONANT homonyms initialism ACRONYM POLYSEMY
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The Differences of Pronunciation between American English and British English 被引量:1
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作者 贾钟琦 《海外英语》 2011年第11X期373-374,共2页
This paper begins with a brief introduction to the two branches of the English language.Analyze the differences pronunciation between American English and British English,then demonstrates the reason why cause the dif... This paper begins with a brief introduction to the two branches of the English language.Analyze the differences pronunciation between American English and British English,then demonstrates the reason why cause the different.Firstly,about four hundred years ago,people from Britain,German,France and many other parts of the world came into the U.S.They not only brought their rich cultures but also their languages too.Secondly,because of its territory expansion and economic development,American English become stronger.And then in different vowels and consonants analyze the differences of pronunciation between American English and British English,and set some examples. 展开更多
关键词 PRONUNCIATION COMPARISON VOWEL CONSONANT analyze
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云南瑞丽汉语方言音系概况
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作者 宋云秋 姜菲菲 宋云生 《现代语言学》 2022年第6期1340-1346,共7页
瑞丽市位于西南边陲,三面与缅甸接壤,以傣族为主,方言兼具缅傣特点。本文以瑞丽市区方言为调查对象,描写瑞丽汉语方言的声韵调系统及其配合规律,同时对瑞丽汉语方言的语音特点和音变现象进行分析和解释。
关键词 Ruili Dialect CONSONANTS Vowels and Tones System Sound Changes
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音的象征性及其功能
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作者 李梅兰 《三明学院学报》 2000年第S3期48-49,53,共3页
In English, many sounds and sound groups have symbolism. To study the sounds’ functions will improve our ability of reading and appreciating English poems.
关键词 POEM CONSONANT VOWEL SYMBOLISM
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On Teaching Consonants for Freshmen of English Majors
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作者 李琳 《魅力中国》 2010年第10X期131-131,共1页
When study English phonetics,Chinese learners will meet many difficulties,which need teachers to deal with.This paper is to discuss about how to teach consonants.
关键词 chinese STUDENTS CONSONANTS problems in STUDYING m
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Neutralization of English Consonants
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作者 庞彬彬 《海外英语》 2011年第13期350-350,357,共2页
This paper gives a brief account of English consonant cluster's structure and phonetic features from the perspective of the definition and cause of neutralization of English consonants as well as their distinctive... This paper gives a brief account of English consonant cluster's structure and phonetic features from the perspective of the definition and cause of neutralization of English consonants as well as their distinctive features and oppositions.It comes up with the final conclusion that neutralization exists in only thirteen English consonant clusters,among a large number of consonant clusters. 展开更多
关键词 CONSONANT CLUSTER PHONEME distinctive FEATURES NEUTRALIZATION
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The Negative Transfer from Xinyang Dialect on English Consonant Pronunciation
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作者 宋波 《海外英语》 2016年第24期223-224,234,共3页
In the paper, the author presents the negative transfer influence of Xinyang dialect on learners' English consonant pronunciation by comparing their differences in the segmental level, and proposes some suggestion... In the paper, the author presents the negative transfer influence of Xinyang dialect on learners' English consonant pronunciation by comparing their differences in the segmental level, and proposes some suggestions for English pronunciation teaching based on the theories of Contrastive Analysis, the Input Hypothesis. 展开更多
关键词 CONSONANT negative transfer contrastive analysis input hypothesis
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Experimental Phonetics Contrastive Study on [d?][t?][?]——Spoken by American Native Speakers and Yantai English Learners
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作者 徐荣 《海外英语》 2016年第17期186-,191,共2页
The negative transfer of native language influences the English acquisition process of the college students from Yantai in a great degree,both in the segmental and suprasegmental level,while the consonants in the segm... The negative transfer of native language influences the English acquisition process of the college students from Yantai in a great degree,both in the segmental and suprasegmental level,while the consonants in the segmental level are influenced most.The paper makes an experimental phonetic contrastive study on [d?],[t?],[?] in the aspect of frication between native English speakers from America and English learners from Yantai basing on processing a large number of English word corpora by using PRAAT.It is found that the degree of frication of [d?],[t?],[?] in American English is strong,while Yantai weak. 展开更多
关键词 Yantai CONSONANT experimental phonetics contrastive study degree of frication
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A Real-Time Oral Cavity Gesture Based Words Synthesizer Using Sensors
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作者 Palli Padmini C.Paramasivam +2 位作者 G.Jyothish Lal Sadeen Alharbi Kaustav Bhowmick 《Computers, Materials & Continua》 SCIE EI 2022年第6期4523-4554,共32页
The present system experimentally demonstrates a synthesis of syllables and words from tongue manoeuvers in multiple languages,captured by four oral sensors only.For an experimental demonstration of the system used in... The present system experimentally demonstrates a synthesis of syllables and words from tongue manoeuvers in multiple languages,captured by four oral sensors only.For an experimental demonstration of the system used in the oral cavity,a prototype tooth model was used.Based on the principle developed in a previous publication by the author(s),the proposed system has been implemented using the oral cavity(tongue,teeth,and lips)features alone,without the glottis and the larynx.The positions of the sensors in the proposed system were optimized based on articulatory(oral cavity)gestures estimated by simulating the mechanism of human speech.The system has been tested for all English alphabets and several words with sensor-based input along with an experimental demonstration of the developed algorithm,with limit switches,potentiometer,and flex sensors emulating the tongue in an artificial oral cavity.The system produces the sounds of vowels,consonants,and words in English,along with the pronunciation of meanings of their translations in four major Indian languages,all from oral cavity mapping.The experimental setup also caters to gender mapping of voice.The sound produced from the hardware has been validated by a perceptual test to verify the gender and word of the speech sample by listeners,with∼98%and∼95%accuracy,respectively.Such a model may be useful to interpret speech for those who are speech-disabled because of accidents,neuron disorder,spinal cord injury,or larynx disorder. 展开更多
关键词 English vowels and consonants oral cavity proposed system SENSORS speech-disabled speech production vocal tract model
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A Comparative Analysis of Consonants in Chinese and Arabic Phonetics
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作者 FAYROUZ ABDELSAMIE ELSAYED MOHAMED 《Journal of Literature and Art Studies》 2019年第11期1188-1193,共6页
Arabic and Chinese are one of the most difficult languages to learn in the world.The mark of Arabic is Pinyin characters plus pinyin symbols.On the other hand,the mark of Chinese is ideographic square shaped character... Arabic and Chinese are one of the most difficult languages to learn in the world.The mark of Arabic is Pinyin characters plus pinyin symbols.On the other hand,the mark of Chinese is ideographic square shaped characters;each pronunciation of a Chinese character is generally a syllable.There are great differences between Arabic and Chinese consonants,so this paper mainly discusses the similarities and differences between the two languages and their respective characteristics through the comparative analysis of Chinese and Arabic consonants. 展开更多
关键词 CHINESE ARABIC PRONUNCIATION CONSONANT comparison
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The Production of the Sequence -UI- by Francophone Learners of English
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作者 Jean-Paul Kouega 《Sino-US English Teaching》 2017年第4期262-271,共10页
This paper considers the renderings of the sequence -UI- by Cameroonian, Gabonese, and native French users learning English with the view to finding out whether French users speaking different L 1s pronounce this sequ... This paper considers the renderings of the sequence -UI- by Cameroonian, Gabonese, and native French users learning English with the view to finding out whether French users speaking different L 1s pronounce this sequence in different or similar ways. The data were recordings of items containing -UI- and the contrastive method of analysis was used. It was found that this sequence is rendered in two ways by the learners. Besides, different L2 French-speaking learners tend to pronounce it in the same ways and so do L2 and L1 French-speaking learners. It can therefore be hypothesised that Francophone speakers tend to draw more from French when they speak English than from their respective L 1s. 展开更多
关键词 L3 English learner France Cameroon GABON CONSONANT VOWEL
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Acquisition of pronunciation of consonant clusters by Arabic speakers of English as a second language
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作者 Seetha Jayaraman 《Sino-US English Teaching》 2010年第1期46-56,共11页
The study is based on an observation of the pronunciation of a group of undergraduate students of English as a Second Language (ESL) whose mother tongue is Arabic and who have no formal training in the spoken variet... The study is based on an observation of the pronunciation of a group of undergraduate students of English as a Second Language (ESL) whose mother tongue is Arabic and who have no formal training in the spoken variety of English other than that received in the classroom. The study of acquisition of pronunciation of consonant clusters at morphological, particularly at the morphophonological levels indicates that the learners are sensitive to the syllabic structure viz., cccv type and cccvcc type, at the word-initial, medial and final positions. Samples of words with different consonant clusters were tested with a homogeneous group of students. Words of identical morphological categories were used as the data to test the students' level of perception. These were analyzed using Speech Analyzer Version 2.5. The data includes consonant clusters like plosive-fricative, plosive-plosive, fricative-fricative and plosive-fricative-trill/liquid combinations. The results varied according to the perceptual and articulatory abilities of the learners. It was observed that the plosive perception and acquisition of three-consonant clusters of plosive-plosive word initially, plosive-plosive combinations word finally and plosive-fricative type, posed more difficulty for the learners. The tendency to drop one of the consonants of the cluster was more pronounced with syllables ending in plural morphemes and those ending in -mp, -pt, -kt, -nt, -bt, etc. Difficulty was also noticed with the initial plosive+/r/, plosive+/1/combinations, especially in word initial positions. Across the syllable boundaries, these clusters are almost inaudible with some speakers. The difficulty in the articulation of these consonant clusters can be accounted for the mother tongue influence, as in the case of many other features. The results of the analysis have a pedagogical implication in the use of such words with consonant clusters, to teach reading skills to the students of undergraduate level in the present setting and promote self-learning through the use of speech tools. 展开更多
关键词 consonant clusters acoustic parameters DURATION INTELLIGIBILITY spectrograms
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Vietnamese final stop consonants/p, t, k/described in terms of formant transition slopes
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作者 Viet Son Nguyen Eric Castelli Rene Carre 《Sino-US English Teaching》 2010年第7期39-50,共12页
It is well known that both bursts and formant transitions serve as separate cues to the place of articulation of initial stop consonants. In Vietnamese, final voiceless stop consonants/p, t, k/are unreleased (i.e., p... It is well known that both bursts and formant transitions serve as separate cues to the place of articulation of initial stop consonants. In Vietnamese, final voiceless stop consonants/p, t, k/are unreleased (i.e., produced without an audible burst). This provides an opportunity to study these final stop consonants and to compare their characteristics with those of the corresponding initial stop consonants. As unreleased final consonants have not been previously studied, this paper analyses the Vowel-Consonant (VC) and Consonant-Vowel-Consonant (CVC) productions in terms of the transition duration, the starting formant transition values and the slopes of the VC transitions. Measurements have shown that in the same preceding vowel contexts, the 3 final stop consonants/p, t, k/are always clearly differentiated by at least one of the 3 slopes of Fl, F2 or F3. In perception tests, synthesized consonant C in the context/a/-C are recognized as/p/, or/t/, or/k/when the slopes of the/a/-C transition ofF2 and F3 are varied. It means that slopes of the VC transition are an important parameter that allows Vietnamese distinguishing the 3 final voiceless stop consonant/p, t, k/in Vietnamese language. These final stop consonants can also be differentiated in the locus equation space. The study also pointes out that the effects of the final consonants on either long vowels or short vowels. The results explain why Vietnamese can not pronounce the short vowels in isolation. 展开更多
关键词 final consonant voiceless obstruents VIETNAMESE
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An Overview of Hong Kong English
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作者 廖燕莲 《海外英语》 2019年第18期266-269,共4页
The discussion of HKE’s(Hong Kong English)origin,linguistic features,language planning policies and status aims to present a general overview of HKE.Through literature reviewing,it is found that HKE has simpler vowel... The discussion of HKE’s(Hong Kong English)origin,linguistic features,language planning policies and status aims to present a general overview of HKE.Through literature reviewing,it is found that HKE has simpler vowel system and smaller num ber of vowel contrasts,all fricatives are voiceless for most HKE speakers,HKE speaker like to simplify the final consonant clusters or omit the final consonant,the subject of a relative clause is usually missing in the‘zero’-subject relatives,code-mixing,codeswitching and the direct translation(from Cantonese into English or the directive translation of the sound of load-words)are popu lar in HKE speakers’speech,and HKE enjoys the status of second language in Hong Kong,etc. 展开更多
关键词 Hong Kong ENGLISH LINGUISTIC features VOWEL and CONSONANT system CODE-MIXING CODE-SWITCHING
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Interlanguage Phonological System of L1 Cantonese Learners of English
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作者 李敏仪 《海外英语》 2017年第8期218-221,共4页
This paper aims to study the unique interlanguage phonological system of the L1 Cantonese learners of English in GuangdongProvince, including the roles of the differences between native language and target language, l... This paper aims to study the unique interlanguage phonological system of the L1 Cantonese learners of English in GuangdongProvince, including the roles of the differences between native language and target language, language transfer and other constraints dur-ing the interlanguage formation process. An experiment has been designed to test the pronunciation of targeted consonants of the voca-tional college students, who are English majors with Cantonese as native language but are also exposed to Mandarin for a long time. Re-sults show that the sounds that do not exist in native language are easily pronounced incorrectly. The phonological system the subjectsdevelop to substitute the targeted consonants is quite different from that of the L1 Cantonese learners from Hong Kong and is also variedfrom that of the L1 Mandarin learners from other province of China's Mainland. It confirms that the L1 Cantonese learners of English inGuangdong Province do have a unique phonological system in their interlanguage and that special attention should be paid by teachersduring the teaching of English pronunciation. 展开更多
关键词 interlanguage phonology differences between native language and target language CONSONANT PRONUNCIATION language transfer
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侗泰语与南岛语的历时比较研究 被引量:3
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作者 蒙斯牧 《贵州民族研究》 CSSCI 北大核心 1995年第2期76-91,108,共17页
In this article, the anthor expounds that Dong - Tai Language developsfrom Austronesian Family and is at its third developing period.
关键词 relative words SAME origin TONE CONSONANT BRANCHES or LANGUAGE LANGUAGE groups
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Intelligibility in Chinese English Spoken in Central China 被引量:2
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作者 Weijing ZHOU David DETERDING Francis NOLAN 《Chinese Journal of Applied Linguistics》 2019年第4期449-465,542,共18页
It is widely accepted nowadays that intelligibility is the essential goal for most learners of English,and it is not necessary for them to mimic all aspects of native-speaker English in order to achieve a high level o... It is widely accepted nowadays that intelligibility is the essential goal for most learners of English,and it is not necessary for them to mimic all aspects of native-speaker English in order to achieve a high level of intelligibility.However,the features that are needed in order to make oneself easily understood by listeners from elsewhere remain controversial.The current research focuses on thirteen five-minute recordings of conversations between young speakers of English in central China and an interviewer from Britain,in order to determine which features of their speech gave rise to misunderstandings.It was found that,in the 18 tokens of misunderstanding identified,4 resulted from lexical semantics(22%),3 from Chinese place names(17%),3 from grammar(17%),and 11 from pronunciation(61%)(with some tokens cross-classified).The most common phonological factors giving rise to loss of intelligibility were omission of syllables and simplification of word-initial consonant clusters. 展开更多
关键词 INTELLIGIBILITY misunderstandings Chinese English PRONUNCIATION consonant clusters
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Fast global kernel fuzzy c-means clustering algorithm for consonant/vowel segmentation of speech signal 被引量:2
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作者 Xian ZANG Felipe P. VISTA IV Kil To CHONG 《Journal of Zhejiang University-Science C(Computers and Electronics)》 SCIE EI 2014年第7期551-563,共13页
We propose a novel clustering algorithm using fast global kernel fuzzy c-means-F(FGKFCM-F), where F refers to kernelized feature space. This algorithm proceeds in an incremental way to derive the near-optimal solution... We propose a novel clustering algorithm using fast global kernel fuzzy c-means-F(FGKFCM-F), where F refers to kernelized feature space. This algorithm proceeds in an incremental way to derive the near-optimal solution by solving all intermediate problems using kernel-based fuzzy c-means-F(KFCM-F) as a local search procedure. Due to the incremental nature and the nonlinear properties inherited from KFCM-F, this algorithm overcomes the two shortcomings of fuzzy c-means(FCM): sen- sitivity to initialization and inability to use nonlinear separable data. An accelerating scheme is developed to reduce the compu-tational complexity without significantly affecting the solution quality. Experiments are carried out to test the proposed algorithm on a nonlinear artificial dataset and a real-world dataset of speech signals for consonant/vowel segmentation. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm in improving clustering performance on both types of datasets. 展开更多
关键词 Fuzzy c-means clustering Kernel method Global optimization Consonant/vowel segmentation
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