Asymmetric Consortium Blockchain and Homomorphically Polynomial-Based PIR for Secured Smart Parking Systems

In crowded cities,searching for the availability of parking lots is a herculean task as it results in the wastage of drivers’time,increases air pollution,and traffic congestion.Smart parking systems facilitate the drivers to determine the information about the parking lot in real time and book them depending on the requirement.But the existing smart parking systems necessitate the drivers to reveal their sensitive information that includes their mobile number,personal identity,and desired destination.This disclosure of sensitive information makes the existing centralized smart parking systems more vulnerable to service providers’security breaches,single points of failure,and bottlenecks.In this paper,an Improved Asymmetric Consortium Blockchain and Homomorphically Computing Univariate Polynomial-based private information retrieval(IACB-HCUPPIR)scheme is proposed to ensure parking lots’availability with transparency security in a privacy-preserving smart parking system.In specific,an improved Asymmetric Consortium Blockchain is used for achieving secure transactions between different parties interacting in the smart parking environment.It further adopted the method of Homomorphically Computing Univariate Polynomial-based private information retrieval(HCUPPIR)scheme for preserving the location privacy of drivers.The results of IACB-HCUPPIR confirmed better results in terms of minimized computation and communication overload with throughput,latency,and response time with maximized drivers’privacy preservation.Moreover,the proposed fully homomorphic algorithm(FHE)was compared against partial-homomorphic encryption(PHE)and technique without encryption and found that the proposed model has quick communication in allocating the parking slots starting with 24.3 s,whereas PHE starts allocating from 24.7 s and the technique without encryption starts at 27.4 s.Thus,we ensure the proposed model performs well in allocating parking slots with less time and high security with privacy preservation.

A Consortium Blockchain Paradigm on Hyperledger-Based Peer-to-Peer Lending System

This paper focuses on how to use consortium blockchain to improve the regulation of peer-to-peer(P2 P) lending market. The partial decentralized consortium blockchain with limited pre-set nodes can well improve transparency and security, which is suitable for financial regulation. Considering irregularities of the P2P lending market, the Hyperledger-based Peer-to-Peer Lending System(HyperP2PLS) is proposed. First elaborate the application scenario and business logic of the system, where a national P2P Lending Trading Center will be established to integrate all transactions and information of P2P lending market. Then construct the system architecture consisting of the blockchain network, HTTP server, and applications. The algorithm of implementation process and the web application for users have been well illustrated. The performance analysis shows that HyperP2PLS can guarantee the reliability, safety, transparency and efficiency.

The Pathway of China’s Integrated Delivery System:Based on the Analysis of the Medical Consortium Policies

With the deepening of China’s health-care reform,an integrated delivery system has gradually emerged with the function of improving the efficiency of the health-care delivery system.For China’s integrated delivery system,a medical consortium plays an important role in integrating public hospitals and primary care facilities.The first medical consortium policy issued after the COVID-19 pandemic apparently placed hope on accelerating the implementation of a medical consortium and tiered health-care delivery system.This paper illustrates the possible future pathway of China’s medical consortium through retrospection of the 10-year process,changes of the series of policies,and characteristics of the policy issued in 2020.We considered that a fully integrated medical consortium would be a major phenomenon in China's medical industry,which would lead to the formation of a dualistic care pattern in China.

Cross-Domain Authentication Scheme Based on Blockchain and Consistent Hash Algorithm for System-Wide Information Management

System-wide information management(SWIM)is a complex distributed information transfer and sharing system for the next generation of Air Transportation System(ATS).In response to the growing volume of civil aviation air operations,users accessing different authentication domains in the SWIM system have problems with the validity,security,and privacy of SWIM-shared data.In order to solve these problems,this paper proposes a SWIM crossdomain authentication scheme based on a consistent hashing algorithm on consortium blockchain and designs a blockchain certificate format for SWIM cross-domain authentication.The scheme uses a consistent hash algorithm with virtual nodes in combination with a cluster of authentication centers in the SWIM consortium blockchain architecture to synchronize the user’s authentication mapping relationships between authentication domains.The virtual authentication nodes are mapped separately using different services provided by SWIM to guarantee the partitioning of the consistent hash ring on the consortium blockchain.According to the dynamic change of user’s authentication requests,the nodes of virtual service authentication can be added and deleted to realize the dynamic load balancing of cross-domain authentication of different services.Security analysis shows that this protocol can resist network attacks such as man-in-the-middle attacks,replay attacks,and Sybil attacks.Experiments show that this scheme can reduce the redundant authentication operations of identity information and solve the problems of traditional cross-domain authentication with single-point collapse,difficulty in expansion,and uneven load.At the same time,it has better security of information storage and can realize the cross-domain authentication requirements of SWIM users with low communication costs and system overhead.KEYWORDS System-wide information management(SWIM);consortium blockchain;consistent hash;cross-domain authentication;load balancing.

Consortium Chain Consensus Vulnerability and Chain Generation Mechanism

Effectively identifying and preventing the threat of Byzantine nodes to the security of distributed systems is a challenge in applying consortium chains.Therefore,this paper proposes a new consortium chain generation model,deeply analyzes the vulnerability of the consortium chain consensus based on the behavior of the nodes,and points out the effects of Byzantine node proportion and node state verification on the consensus process and system security.Furthermore,the normalized verification node aggregation index that represents the consensus ability of the consortium organization and the trust evaluation function of the verification node set is derived.When either of the two is lower than the threshold,the consortium institution or the verification node set members are dynamically adjusted.On this basis,an innovative consortium chain generation mechanism based on the Asynchronous Binary Byzantine Consensus Mechanism(ABBCM)is proposed.Based on the extended consortium chain consensus mechanism,a certain consensus value set can be combined into multiple proposals,which can realize crossdomain asynchronous message passing between multi-consortium chains without reducing the system’s security.In addition,experiments are carried out under four classical Byzantine Attack(BA)behaviors,BA1 to BA4.The results show that the proposed method can obtain better delay than the classical random Byzantine consensus algorithm Coin,effectively improving the consensus efficiency based on asynchronous message passing in the consortium chain and thus meeting the throughput of most Internet of Things(IoT)applications.

Vertical Federated Learning Based on Consortium Blockchain for Data Sharing in Mobile Edge Computing

The data in Mobile Edge Computing(MEC)contains tremendousmarket value,and data sharing canmaximize the usefulness of the data.However,certain data is quite sensitive,and sharing it directly may violate privacy.Vertical Federated Learning(VFL)is a secure distributed machine learning framework that completes joint model training by passing encryptedmodel parameters rather than raw data,so there is no data privacy leakage during the training process.Therefore,the VFL can build a bridge between data demander and owner to realize data sharing while protecting data privacy.Typically,the VFL requires a third party for key distribution and decryption of training results.In this article,we employ the consortium blockchain instead of the traditional third party and design a VFL architecture based on the consortium blockchain for data sharing in MEC.More specifically,we propose a V-Raft consensus algorithm based on Verifiable Random Functions(VRFs),which is a variant of the Raft.The VRaft is able to elect leader quickly and stably to assist data demander and owner to complete data sharing by VFL.Moreover,we apply secret sharing todistribute the private key to avoid the situationwhere the training result cannot be decrypted if the leader crashes.Finally,we analyzed the performance of the V-Raft and carried out simulation experiments,and the results show that compared with Raft,the V-Raft has higher efficiency and better scalability.

Research and Practice on the Construction of Municipal Industry-Education Consortium Based on the Integration of Industrial Chain,Innovation Chain,Talent Chain,and Education Chain

The construction of a municipal industry-education consortium is one of the important measures for the“one body,two wings,and five key points”reform of China’s modern vocational education system in the new era.It is of great significance for the integrated promotion of the three major national strategies of education,technology,and talent.Exploring the construction path of municipal industry-education consortia from the perspective of“four-chain integration”is essential for improving the quality of vocational education talents,comprehensively promoting local economic and social development,and serving the national strategy of revitalizing the country through science and education.The new generation of information technology industry-education consortium in Chengdu actively explores new paths of industry-education integration,science-education integration,and vocational-education integration.It has formed a“park+alliance”to establish a diversified collaborative construction and management mechanism,a“professional+industry”school-enterprise cooperation to promote industrial transformation and upgrading,a“teaching+research and development”to build an industry-university research innovation platform to empower high-quality development,and a“cultivation+employment”to explore a matrix style talent cultivation model,thus promoting regional governments,industries enterprises,and higher education institutions.Fully leveraging complementary advantages involves capitalizing on the spatial cluster effect.It requires a foundation in the education chain,guided by the industrial chain,activation of the innovation chain,establishment of a talent chain,enhancement of the value chain,and the promotion of a modern vocational education structure.This structure should align with market demand and industry structure,ultimately promoting regional economic and social development.

基于联盟链的跨组织数据交换操作一致性模型

在跨组织的数据共享与交换中,维护较强的操作一致性是实现有效的数据同步的重要技术保障。以区块链技术为基础,提出了一种提高跨组织数据交换操作一致性性能的模型,将联盟链作为写前日志,供数据库回溯未完成同步的数据,在联盟链中增设了指针结构,以降低回溯时长。同时,设计了链上存储请求的数据结构及共识算法,通过设置准入机制验证用户身份,保护数据安全以及用户隐私。最后通过仿真实验验证所提模型的有效性,并探讨了不同参数对相关性能指标的影响。结果表明,在不同的参数设定下,所提模型均能保障跨组织数据交换过程中的强一致性;且与基准模型相比,具有更高的请求执行效率;当链上数据量较大时,指针结构能够进一步提升模型性能。

产业集群视角下市域产教联合体的建设逻辑、基础和路径

市域产教联合体是我国深化现代职业教育体系改革的重要抓手之一。“产业集群”的场域、主体、资源及价值等维度特征,正契合了市域产教联合体的建设要求,由此构成了产业集群视角下市域产教联合体的建设逻辑。立足教育部一省一策建设意见,分析江苏省的“省情”和“教情”,产业集群数量多、实力强、领域广,职业院校多层次、高发展、有经验,是江苏建设市域产教联合体的有利基础;江苏省内产业集群领军企业少、内部竞争大、建设同质化,职业院校吸引力弱、教学要素散、改革求稳妥等现象,是建设市域产教联合体的不利因素。对此,产业集群视域下,围绕场域布局、主体联结、资源融合以及机制设计等方面,市域产教联合体建设的应然路径是:从“有”到“优”布局场域,以“点”带“群”联合主体,由“散”及“整”整合资源,转“虚”为“实”设计机制。

结合区块链和关系数据库管理的会计信息系统安全方案

会计信息系统(AIS)是企业资源规划(ERP)的核心模块,过去一直被设计为集中式系统,存在单点故障、可扩展性、安全性、灵活性等方面的缺陷。为此,提出了结合联盟区块链和关系数据库管理系统(RDMBS),支持事务防篡改和签名验证的分布式AIS系统。通过将区块链嵌入关系表中,在数据库中以防篡改的方式存储可信信息,并支持数据的溯源和验证。整个系统由多个经授权的参与方共同维护,支持AIS数据的安全整合,并通过签名方案明确数据所有权。为支持大规模查询,应用了基于动态布隆过滤树(DBFT)的优化算法,以最大限度降低查询和验证作业的总时间成本。实验评估表明,所提方法在AIS系统中成功实现了基于区块链的身份验证和篡改溯源,并显著提升了大规模分析查询和验证的效率。

一种基于联盟管理的高效分布式域名系统

在域名解析系统中,下级域名的命脉被上级域名所掌握,这种中心化的管理为域名解析带来了巨大的风险。以比特币等加密货币为代表的区块链则具有去中心化的特性。随着namecoin的提出,区块链开始被应用在命名系统和域名解析的领域,之后的Blockstack和ENS都提出了去中心化命名系统的解决方案。其中,Namecoin和Blockstack采用了完全去中心化的命名管理方式,产生了域名抢占问题。因此,我们将目光转向了采用小群组投票决定域名增加和删除的联盟化管理方案。在联盟化管理方案中,比如ENS的和超级账本的均存在交易空间太大的问题,在区块链本身存储代价大的背景下,存储效率将变得低下。因此,DNS系统和区块链的结合难度很大,不仅需要保证在多变的域名存储信息中保证存储总量较小,同时还需要针对域名解析实现高效的联盟化管理,这使得至今仍未有一个令人满意的去中心化域名解析系统的解决方案。为此,我们提出了ECMDNS——一个高效的基于联盟化管理的域名解析系统,既考虑到DNS区域文件具有存储量大且变换频繁的特点,又能在完全中心化和完全去中心化之间采取折衷方案,并拥有较高的时空效率及较小的存储总量。我们通过区分链上链下的存储保证在多变的域名信息中保证存储总量较小;通过群组决策投票的方式实现联盟化管理,同时优化了Hyperledger Fabric提出的混合复制模型,将空间存储效率优化到原本的1/16。并且仅需要花费1次分布式副本同步,就可以完成一项由n名成员背书对同一域名背书的事务,并在联盟化管理的基础上实现区块链交易空间性能的高效性,从而实现整体存储效率的高效性。

广东省紧密型医联体药事管理工作的调研分析

目的调查广东省紧密型医联体的药事管理工作现状,为推动广东省医联体高质量建设和可持续发展提供决策依据。方法自行设计调查问卷,抽取广东省50家紧密型医联体为研究对象,由总院药学部负责人作答,调查内容包括医联体基本规模、医联体总药师聘任情况、医联体内药事管理与药学服务同质化执行情况、推动同质化的难点、希望获得的省级支持等,并对调查结果进行描述性统计分析。结果共回收问卷50份,有效回收率为100%。医联体总院药学部负责人有16人(占32.00%)被聘任为总药师。37家医联体(占74.00%)已建立医联体内药品供应保障体系,35家医联体(占70.00%)已开展医联体内药事管理统筹工作,23家医联体(占46.00%)已建立临床用药指导体系,25家医联体(占50.00%)已建立双向交流机制,仅8家医联体(占16.00%)有拓展药学服务新模式。目前推动医联体内药事管理与药学服务同质化的难点主要在于“各成员单位的管理水平差距较大”“药学人员缺乏、水平参差不齐”“政策支持与落实不足”3个方面。大部分医联体希望相关部门通过举办专项培训班或开展专项督导的方式推进药事工作向同质化发展。结论目前广东省紧密型医联体在落实总药师制度、药事管理与药学服务同质化建设方面取得了初步成效,但仍需提高医联体中总药师聘任的覆盖率,将药事管理同质化工作落实到位,并加快药学服务同质化进程。

国外图书馆联盟制度建设研究与启示

文章对国外48个图书馆联盟的规章制度进行调查和分析,详细介绍并分析了国外图书馆联盟在管理制度、业务制度、行为准则制度、会员制度、信息安全制度、人员激励制度及规划评估制度等方面的建设现状,提出对我国图书馆联盟的几点启示:强化制度管理意识,提升人员职业素养,明确会员权责利险,注重信息安全管理,建立联盟激励机制和优化评估反馈制度。以期促进我国图书馆联盟规范、稳定、持续地高质量发展。

新时期北京市公立医院高质量发展模式探索

公立医院是我国医疗卫生服务的主要承担者,肩负着为人民提供优质医疗服务、集中力量应对重大突发医疗卫生事件、培养优秀医疗卫生事业人才的重任。然而目前公立医院的发展仍存在管理模式粗放、医疗水平差距大、高水平人才资源匮乏以及科研创新能力不足等问题,造成了优质医疗资源的浪费,增加了社会大众的就医难度。党的二十大以来,公立医院进入了“高质量发展”的新阶段。公立医院高质量发展是新时代推进健康中国事业发展的必由之路,也是公立医院发展在新时代背景下的主旋律。鉴于此,北京市某公立医院对现代化公立医院高质量发展模式进行了进一步的探索。针对目前公立医院发展现状以及存在的不足,提出通过建立健全现代化医院管理体制,实现医院管理精细化,为公立医院高质量发展保驾护航;推进互联网、大数据、云计算等跨行业新技术应用,借助5G、人工智能、区块链技术开展智慧医院建设,提高医院诊疗效率;建立高水平人才梯队以及创新人才培养模式,鼓励科研创新发展并加快临床科研转化速度;完善多院区、医联体规划,扩大单中心医疗影响辐射面积等方面带动公立医院高质量发展,取得了显著的成效。

爱沙尼亚个性化医疗领域项目进展与经验

个性化医疗的发展在国际社会中备受瞩目,已逐步成为新的研究热点之一。个性化医疗旨在利用健康行为、医学检测结果、症状、家族史、环境因素和基因组信息等个人医疗信息,实施一种新的医疗实践来诊断和治疗疾病,通过采用更个性化的方法、有针对性的筛查方案、早期干预和治疗来改善患者的健康状况,将医疗实践从反应性治疗转变为预防性保健。这种个性化的方法有助于提前发现和处理健康问题,而不是等到疾病出现后再进行治疗。爱沙尼亚作为国际精准医疗联盟(ICPerMed)成员国之一,在个性化医疗领域有着丰富的经验。自21世纪以来,爱沙尼亚政府大力发展医疗保健领域,为个性化医疗的发展奠定了基础。爱沙尼亚政府牵头在全国范围内发起了建立以人群为基础的生物样本库的行动,该生物样本库中包含各类疾病与其生物标志物,以及与患者生活方式的对应关系,为研究常见疾病和性状提供便利。本研究主要介绍爱沙尼亚最近十年在个性化医疗领域完成的项目及其经验,为我国精准医疗创新发展提供借鉴参考。

产教联合体建设:一个项目制治理下的解释性框架

自我国实施分税制改革之后,项目制由最初的财政领域扩散到社会公共领域的各个方面,成为一种动员和组织国家与社会资源的“新的国家治理体制”。在此背景下,随着深化产教融合的持续推进,项目制也被引入产教联合体建设之中。项目制治理下产教联合体建设是一个逐渐演进的历程,主要经历了奠基期和发展期两个基本阶段。其运行机制包括资源嵌入管理、构建行动链、多层级组织架构以及激励—压力传导四个部分,不断形塑并持续推进产教联合体建设,取得了很好的成效,主要表现为产教联合体类型多元化、推动地方产教联合体建设、企业的重要办学主体作用增强、职业教育类型属性彰显。为更好地实现职业教育治理现代化,完善产教联合体建设治理机制,需要精准做好项目分配与调整,关注多元主体的需求,避免项目“碎片化”,引入第三方评价组织,等等,以不断提升产教联合体建设的效能。

亭子口灌区一期工程EPC联合体模式下设计牵头方管理体系构建

当前国内大型水利EPC项目大多采用设计单位和施工单位组建联合体共同承建的模式,其中又以设计单位牵头居多,在今后一段时期内,该种模式必将长期存在。以亭子口灌区一期工程EPC联合体第Ⅳ标为例对设计单位牵头的EPC联合体模式下牵头方管理体系的构建进行了研究,从牵头方的管理定位、管理范围、组织架构、职责界面4个方面进行了系统论述,以期为水利行业EPC联合体项目的管理工作提供借鉴和参考。

EPC模式下总承包项目联合体合作关系的稳定性

EPC总承包模式因其责任高度集成以及精细的项目控制,在国内外得到了广泛应用。为促进我国EPC模式的进一步推行,文章对当前热门的EPC模式下总承包项目联合体合作关系的稳定性进行了研究。首先,基于演化博弈理论,得到了各主体合作过程中的复制动态方程和策略稳定点,探讨了各主体的策略选择与积极优化项目的关系;之后,引入了系统动力学模型对博弈模型进行了数值仿真,得出了不同的初始选择策略对合作稳定性的影响规律。研究结果表明,合作的稳定条件与各主体的初始策略选择的概率相关;各主体8种不同的初始选择策略,最终均会稳定在积极合作或消极应对;此外,设计单位的初始合作意愿对施工单位和建设单位的合作优化意愿产生重要影响;不同的外生参数变动也会影响三方主体的策略选择变化。

紧密型城市医疗集团党建引领指标体系的构建

目的构建党建联合紧密型城市医疗集团工作建设的指标体系,为我国探索党建联合医疗联合体建设提供参考。方法通过文献研究法和焦点小组访谈,形成党建引领下的医疗集团各项工作指标池。通过德尔菲法进行2轮专家咨询,对专家的评判分值运用Saaty标度,进行两两比较计算权重;用层次分析法计算三级指标权重,构建紧密型城市医疗集团党建引领指标体系。结果共邀请40位具有卫生管理经验、临床经验、党建经验,且参与城市医疗集团工作的专家;两轮咨询中,专家积极系数为97.5%、100.0%,专家对一级指标的权威系数为0.720、0.810,协调系数为0.235、0.356,各级指标的变异系数均<0.25。形成了包含4个一级指标、18个二级指标、41个三级指标的工作指标体系,一级指标中“党的领导作用”权重(0.3357)最高。结论研究的专家权威程度和积极性较高,协调程度好;构建的指标体系明确了党建对紧密型城市医疗集团工作的引领作用。

Exploration of the key microbes and composition stability of microbial consortium GF-20 with efficiently decomposes corn stover at low temperatures

The microbial consortium GF-20(GF-20) can efficiently decompose corn stover at low temperatures. The present study explored the key microbes of GF-20 and evaluated different culture conditions on its composition stability to promote the utilization of corn stover decomposing microbes in low temperature regions. GF-20 was subcultured to the 15 th generation under different temperatures, pHs, carbon, and nitrogen sources. Then, the dynamics of fermenting pH, cellulose enzyme activities, carbohydrate concentration, and oxidation reduction potential were determined to estimate the degradation efficiency of corn stover with GF-20. Furthermore, the structural stability and functional microbes of GF-20 were identified on the basis of PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis(DGGE) profiling and principal component analysis. The results showed that the offspring of GF-20 subcultured under different temperatures(4–30°C) and pH(6.0–9.0) conditions maintained stable growth, decomposition function, and composition structure. Furthermore, consortia GF-20 had a stable composition structure, which induced GF-20 to secrete cellulose and promote substrate decomposition as corn stover and ammonium were used as sources of carbon and nitrogen, respectively. According to the PCR-DGGE profiles, the key strains of GF-20 were determined to be Bacillus licheniformis, Cellvibrio mixtus subsp. mixtus, Bacillus tequilensis, Clostridium populeti, and Clostridium xylanolyticum.