Constant False Alarm Rate Acquisition Algorithm for Compass B1C Signal

In order to improve the sensitivity of the Compass B1C signal acquisition for the receiver,the principle of constant false alarm rate(CFAR)is applied for the B1C pilot channel acquisition to realize the dynamic adjustment of the threshold of acquisition against the carrier to noise ratio.The non-coherent data/pilot combined acquisition algorithm for B1C signal is analyzed to make full use of the power of the B1C signal under the condition of low carrier to noise ratio.On this basis,to improve the acquisition sensitivity of the receiver,the principle of constant false alarm probability is applied for the non-coherent data/pilot combined acquisition algorithm.Theoretical analysis and simulations show that the non-coherent data/pilot combined acquisition algorithm with CFAR improves the B1C signal acquisition sensitivity of the receiver significantly,and achieves a better Receiver Operating Characteristic compared with the traditional acquisition algorithms.

Frame Detection Based on Cyclic Autocorrelation and Constant False Alarm Rate in Burst Communication Systems

Frame detection is important in burst communication systems for its contributions in frame synchronization.It locates the information bits in the received data stream at receivers.To realize frame detection in the presence of additive white Gaussian noise(AWGN) and frequency offset,a constant false alarm rate(CFAR) detector is proposed through exploitation of cyclic autocorrelation feature implied in the preamble.The frame detection can be achieved prior to bit timing recovery.The threshold setting is independent of the signal level and noise level by utilizing CFAR method.Mathematical expressions is derived in AWGN channel by considering the probability of false alarm and probability of detection,separately.Given the probability of false alarm,the mathematical relationship between the frame detection performance and E_b/N_0 of received signals is established.Experimental results are also presented in accordance with analysis.

Performance of Order-statistics Constant-false-alarm-rate Detector with Noncoherent Integration and Its Application to OTH Radar

Noncoherent integration is often ed for approving performance in detection of radar signal. Order-statistics constant false alarm rate (OS-CFAR) detector has some advantages in clutter and multiple target situations. AnOS-CFAN detector with noncoherent integration after Square law envelope detector is presented and an analysis of detection performance for the chi-Square family of Swerling fluctuating targets is given. Its application to the high frequency(HF) ground wave over-the-horizon (OTH) radar is discussed as well.

A Double-threshold Constant False Alarm Rate Detector And Its Performance Analysis

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Adaptive detection of range-spread targets in homogeneous and partially homogeneous clutter plus subspace interference

Adaptive detection of range-spread targets is considered in the presence of subspace interference plus Gaussian clutter with unknown covariance matrix.The target signal and interference are supposed to lie in two linearly independent subspaces with deterministic but unknown coordinates.Relying on the two-step criteria,two adaptive detectors based on Gradient tests are proposed,in homogeneous and partially homogeneous clutter plus subspace interference,respectively.Both of the proposed detectors exhibit theoretically constant false alarm rate property against unknown clutter covariance matrix as well as the power level.Numerical results show that,the proposed detectors have better performance than their existing counterparts,especially for mismatches in the signal steering vectors.

Improved Ship Target Detection Accuracy in SAR Image Based on Modified CFAR Algorithm

A novel algorithm for the detection of ship target with high accuracy in the synthetic aperture radar(SAR) with high spatial resolution image is proposed. The SAR image may include not only the ship targets but also the interferences such as the sea clutter,the strong reflection target,the sidelobe and so on.The conventional constant false alarm rate(CFAR) algorithm has some disadvantages,and it has not enough prior information about the size of the ships. Hence,it cannot separate the adjacent ships correctly. A comprehensive algorithm based on the modified CFAR algorithm and opening operation is presented to solve the problem,and the detection accuracy can be improved consequently. The results of SAR image illustrate the effectiveness of the method in this paper.

Modeling Target Detection and Performance Analysis of Electronic Countermeasures for Phased Radar

Interference is a key factor in radar return misdetection.Strong interference might make it difficult to detect the signal or targets.When interference occurs in the sidelobes of the antenna pattern,Sidelobe Cancellation(SLC)and Sidelobe Blanking are two unique solutions to solve this problem(SLB).Aside from this approach,the probability of false alert and likelihood of detection are the most essential parameters in radar.The chance of a false alarm for any radar system should be minimal,and as a result,the probability of detection should be high.There are several interference cancellation strategies in the literature that are used to sustain consistent false alarms regardless of the clutter environment.With the necessity for interference cancellation methods and the constant false alarm rate(CFAR),the Maisel SLC algorithm has been modified to create a new algorithm for recognizing targets in the presence of severe interference.The received radar returns and interference are simulated as non-stationary in this approach,and side-lobe interference is cancelled using an adaptive algorithm.By comparing the performance of adaptive algorithms,simulation results are shown.In a severe clutter situation,the simulation results demonstrate a considerable increase in target recognition and signal to noise ratio when compared to the previous technique.

MODIFIED HIGHER ORDER SPECTRAL ANALYSIS BASED TDE ALGORITHM FOR CFAR SIGNAL DETECTION PROBLEM

With the conditions of small data size and low Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR), the application of Higher Order Statistics (HOS) is restrained not only by its high estimation variance,but also by its low estimation precision. Therefore, a modified HOS based Time Delay Estimation (TDE) algorithm is proposed to overcome these problems. Comparing with the conventional TDE algorithms, the estimation variance is improved greatly. A typical simulation example is completed in order to test the performance of the algorithm proposed, which shows that the proposed algorithm has advantages over the traditional ones in both detection performance and computation efficiency.

基于WGAN-GP-CNN的海面小目标检测

针对传统基于统计理论的海面小目标检测方法在复杂海面环境中性能不高的问题,该文提出了一种改进的检测方法。首先通过分析海杂波和目标回波的特征,将检测问题转化为特征空间的分类任务。鉴于海面小目标样本数量有限,存在样本不平衡的问题,该文引入了一种基于梯度惩罚的沃瑟斯坦生成对抗网络(Wasserstein Generative Adversarial Network with Gradient Penalty,WGAN-GP)来增强目标数据,从而在数量上平衡目标样本与海杂波样本。同时,对原始WGAN-GP网络的损失函数进行了改进,引入相位损失以确保生成数据能够反映真实数据的相位信息。基于这些数据,进一步提取了生成目标和海杂波的高维特征,并将其送入卷积神经网络(Convolutional Neural Network,CNN)进行训练。为了应对高维特征空间中虚警概率难以控制的问题,对CNN算法进行了改进,通过设置Softmax分类器的阈值,实现了虚警概率可控。最后,借助公开的IPIX雷达数据集进行实验验证,所提的WGAN-GP-CNN检测器在积累时间为1.024 s,虚警概率为0.001时,平均检测概率达到0.8683,具有良好的检测效果。

基于威胁机制-双重深度Q网络的多功能雷达认知干扰决策

针对传统深度Q网络(deep Q network,DQN)在雷达认知干扰决策中容易产生经验遗忘,从而重复执行错误决策的问题,本文提出了一种基于威胁机制双重深度Q网络(threat warning mechanism-double DQN,TW-DDQN)的认知干扰决策方法,该机制包含威胁网络和经验回放2种机制。为了验证算法的有效性,在考虑多功能雷达(multifunctional radar,MFR)工作状态与干扰样式之间的关联性的前提下,搭建了基于认知电子战的仿真环境,分析了雷达与干扰机之间的对抗博弈过程,并且在使用TW-DDQN进行训练的过程中,讨论了威胁半径与威胁步长参数的不同对训练过程的影响。仿真实验结果表明,干扰机通过自主学习成功与雷达进行了长时间的博弈,有80%的概率成功突防,训练效果明显优于传统DQN和优先经验回放DDQN(prioritized experience replay-DDQN,PER-DDQN)。

一种机载组网雷达协同目标检测算法

多机协同的机载雷达组网联合目标探测可有效提高复杂电磁干扰环境下对隐身弱目标的探测能力。文中针对机载雷达组网探测时空间配准误差大、协同探测难以实现的难题,提出了一种基于轨迹空间配准的协同目标检测算法,通过雷达间少量距离-多普勒域数据及低检测门限下目标轨迹域数据的交互,采用极大似然估计广义似然比检测器对目标进行联合恒虚警检测(CFAR),并通过轨迹域空间配准与CFAR的迭代计算,实现配准精度和目标联合检测性能的双提升。数值仿真实验的结果表明,在四部雷达组网工作时,在相参积累后信噪比9 dB、虚警概率10-4的典型场景下,经过迭代处理,空间配准精度可达到一个距离-多普勒分辨单元;对目标的检测概率由单部雷达的28.5%提高到四部雷达协同下的83.67%。

基于等分剔除的毫米波雷达恒虚警检测研究

为解决车载毫米波雷达目标检测过程中在相邻多目标情况下会提高检测门限值,从而导致目标遮蔽现象,引发传统恒虚警(constant false alarm rate, CFAR)检测在多目标环境下产生漏检的问题,提出一种等分剔除恒虚警检测算法(equipartition deletion CFAR,ED-CFAR)。通过将目标两侧的参考单元等分取平均值得到子参考单元,对大于所有参考单元平均值的部分进行处理后排序,剔除部分较大子参考单元,计算得到门限值,与目标的信号幅度进行比较判断目标是否存在。仿真结果表明,在多目标检测的仿真场景下,信噪比为10 dB时,ED-CFAR算法的检测概率比单元平均恒虚警(CA-CFAR)算法提高0.39,比筛选平均恒虚警(CMLD-CFAR)算法提高了0.08,有效解决了传统均值类恒虚警检测在相邻多目标条件下的遮蔽问题。

基于双重控制策略的故障检测方法

针对复杂工业过程中变量故障信息统计不完全和故障检测性能不佳的问题,提出一种基于双重控制策略的故障检测方法。对输入数据进行标准化处理并获得数据的偏差变量来揭示数据的故障信息,实现第一重控制;对偏差变量进行处理生成新的辅助监控统计量,实现第二重控制;针对辅助监控统计量阈值难以确定的现象,基于一种反馈调节的参数自适应策略设置阈值。使用提出的方法对田纳西伊斯曼过程(TE过程)进行故障检测,且与改进欧氏距离控制(IEDC)和传统主成分分析(PCA)的故障检测方法进行比较验证。结果表明:与IEDC和PCA方法相比,所提方法能监控TE过程中变量更多的故障信息,在多组类型的故障检测中具有更高的故障检测率与较低的误报率,可有效应用于复杂的工业过程。

基于双边截断的双参数海上风电站SAR图像CFAR检测

文章提出了1种基于双边截断的双参数海上风电站SAR图像CFAR检测器DTCS-TPCFAR,目的是提高在具有多个目标海上区域和石油泄漏区域等环境下对海上风电站的检测性能。DTCS-TPCFAR所提出的双边截断杂波的方法,能够同时消除高强度和低强度异常值的干扰,同时保留真实的杂波样本。通过使用最大似然估计计算双边截断后样本的均值和标准差,然后通过这2个参数估计值计算出截断阈值,最后再结合指定的虚警率(Probability of False Alarm,PFA)来对测试单元(Test Cell,TC)进行判断,完成最终的目标检测。这也是首次将CFAR检测器用于检测海上风电站。文章通过Sentinel-1数据集来验证该方法的有效性。实验结果表明,文章所提出的算法在相同指定虚警率下,具有更高的检测率(Detection Rate,DR)和更低的误报率(False Alarm Rate,FAR)。

子空间干扰加高斯杂波背景下基于GLRT的斜对称方向检测器设计

文章研究了背景为子空间干扰加高斯杂波的距离扩展目标方向检测问题。杂波是均值为零协方差矩阵未知但具有斜对称特性的高斯杂波,目标与干扰分别通过具备斜对称特性的目标子空间和干扰子空间描述。针对方向检测问题,利用上述斜对称性,根据广义似然比检验(Generalized Likeli-hood Ratio Test,GLRT)准则的一步与两步设计方法,设计了基于GLRT的一步法与两步法的距离扩展目标方向检测器。通过理论推导证明了这2种检测器相对于未知杂波协方差矩阵都具有恒虚警率。对比相同背景下已有检测器,特别是在辅助数据有限的场景下,文章提出的2个检测器表现出了优越的检测性能。

基于多核PC的软件雷达信号积累和恒虚警处理研究

积累的本质是提高信噪比,以利于信号检测;恒虚警率处理的本质是在保证一定检测概率的基础上,用一个自适应门限代替固定门限,以保持虚警率的恒定,同时减小后端处理的压力,二者都是雷达信号处理系统的重要组成部分。在软件化雷达思想的指导下,针对雷达视频信号的积累和恒虚警率处理的实时性问题进行了研究。首先给出了积累和单元平均类恒虚警率处理的仿真模型,然后对积累和单元平均类恒虚警率处理的运算复杂度进行了详细的分析,接着采用集成性能原件(IPP)算法库和常规计算方法对积累和单元平均类恒虚警处理的运算时间进行仿真研究,最后通过实际软件实现,表明了在一定条件下,软件实现积累和恒虚警率可以满足实时性要求。

基于韦布尔分布下改进型恒虚警检测器的检测性能分析

为了提高恒虚警检测器(constant false alarm rate detector,CFAR)在有干扰目标存在的杂波环境下的检测性能,提出了5种基于自适应删除(automatic censored mean level detector,ACMLD)恒虚警算法与均值类算法的改进型,并在韦布尔分布模型下对影响背景杂波功率估计的参考单元长度和干扰目标个数进行检测概率分析。结果表明:基于该改进型检测器可有效提高有干扰目标的检测性能,其中改进型单侧自适应删除(single automatic censored mean level detector,SACMLD)算法适合在一侧参考窗均匀的情况下使用,而自适应删除最小(adaptive censored smallest of detector,ACSO)算法适合两侧参考窗都不均匀的情况下使用。文中提出的基于韦布尔分布下改进型恒虚警检测器可为铁路、航空等多目标环境检测提供参考。

间歇采样重复转发干扰效果分析

阐述了间歇采样转发干扰和间歇重复转发干扰的原理,基于线性调频脉冲压缩雷达针对间歇重复转发干扰进行了仿真,通过改变采样重复周期和采样脉冲占空比研究其对重复转发干扰效果的影响。研究了脉冲采样重复周期、占空比、干信比、恒虚警检测保护单元和参考单元长度之间的关系并进行了分析与验证。

一种适用于雷达侦测的UWB-SOSCA算法

针对宽带雷达检测门限值设置难度大、系统复杂度高、实时性差等问题,提出了一种UWB-SOSCA(Ultra-Wide Band-Smallest of Ordered Statistics and Cell Average)检测算法。该算法主要包括多相滤波、SOSCA恒虚警检测和二元积累。其中,多相滤波将宽带信号划分为多个子信道,降低通道速率;SOSCA恒虚警检测分别对各子信道进行自适应门限调整,提高各子信道检测概率;二元积累对各子信道的检测结果进行时域联合,优化宽带时域连续检测性能。实验结果表明,在信噪比等于7.33 dB,虚警概率为10~(-5)时,SOSCA恒虚警检测算法与传统恒虚警算法相比,检测概率可提升14%;当多相滤波输入信噪比为-5 dB时,UWB-SOSCA算法的宽带线性调频信号脉冲宽度测量偏差优于6.5 ns。该算法具有大监视带宽、大动态范围和高检测概率,可广泛应用于侦察接收机的雷达侦测工作。

基于改进YOLO-V5算法的烟火检测方法

为减少自然环境中云、水雾、沙尘、灯光、日出、日落等干扰因素对烟雾、火焰目标检测准确性的影响,提出一种基于改进YOLO-V5算法的烟火检测算法。采用现场采集和网络爬取的方法获取烟雾、火焰目标图像和干扰类图像数据集,均衡学习训练样本,提高模型泛化能力;使用加权双向特征金字塔网络(BiFPN)替换原有的特征金字塔网络(FPN)+路径聚合网络(PAN)结构,对目标进行多尺度特征融合,加强模型特征融合能力;同时,运用距离交并比(DIoU)非极大值抑制(NMS)替代原有的NMS,加快检测框损失函数收敛速度,加强模型推理能力。结果表明:改进后的算法准确率为79.2%,召回率为68.6%,平均精度均值(mAP)为74.2%,误报率(FPR)为12.8%;相比于原YOLO-V5算法,改进后的算法准确率、召回率、mAP分别提高1.9%、0.9%、2.7%,检测识别FPR降低3.7%。