In order to improve the sensitivity of the Compass B1C signal acquisition for the receiver,the principle of constant false alarm rate(CFAR)is applied for the B1C pilot channel acquisition to realize the dynamic adjust...In order to improve the sensitivity of the Compass B1C signal acquisition for the receiver,the principle of constant false alarm rate(CFAR)is applied for the B1C pilot channel acquisition to realize the dynamic adjustment of the threshold of acquisition against the carrier to noise ratio.The non-coherent data/pilot combined acquisition algorithm for B1C signal is analyzed to make full use of the power of the B1C signal under the condition of low carrier to noise ratio.On this basis,to improve the acquisition sensitivity of the receiver,the principle of constant false alarm probability is applied for the non-coherent data/pilot combined acquisition algorithm.Theoretical analysis and simulations show that the non-coherent data/pilot combined acquisition algorithm with CFAR improves the B1C signal acquisition sensitivity of the receiver significantly,and achieves a better Receiver Operating Characteristic compared with the traditional acquisition algorithms.展开更多
We consider the response of a test subject upon a skin area being heated with an electromagnetic wave or a contact surface. When the specifications of the electromagnetic beam are fixed, the stimulus is solely describ...We consider the response of a test subject upon a skin area being heated with an electromagnetic wave or a contact surface. When the specifications of the electromagnetic beam are fixed, the stimulus is solely described by the heating duration. The binary response of a subject, escape or no escape, is determined by the stimulus and a subjective threshold that varies among test realizations. We study four methods for inferring the median subjective threshold in psychophysical experiments: 1) sample median, 2) maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) with 2 variables, 3) MLE with 1 variable, and 4) adaptive Bayesian method. While methods 1 - 3 require samples of time to escape measured in the method of limits, method 4 utilizes binary outcomes observed in the method of constant stimuli. We find that a) the adaptive Bayesian method converges and is as efficient as the sample median even when the assumed model distribution is incorrect;b) this robust convergence is lost if we infer the mean instead of the median;c) for the optimal performance in an uncertain situation, it is best to use a wide model distribution;d) the predicted error from the posterior standard deviation is unreliable, dominated by the assumed model distribution.展开更多
Threshold voltage (V<sub>TH</sub>) is the most evocative aspect of MOSFET operation. It is the crucial device constraint to model on-off transition characteristics. Precise V<sub>TH</sub> value...Threshold voltage (V<sub>TH</sub>) is the most evocative aspect of MOSFET operation. It is the crucial device constraint to model on-off transition characteristics. Precise V<sub>TH</sub> value of the device is extracted and evaluated by several estimation techniques. However, these assessed values of V<sub>TH</sub> diverge from the exact values due to various short channel effects (SCEs) and non-idealities present in the device. Numerous prevalent V<sub>TH</sub> extraction methods are discussed. All the results are verified by extensive 2-D TCAD simulation and confirmed through analytical results at 10-nm technology node. Aim of this research paper is to explore and present a comparative study of largely applied threshold extraction methods for bulk driven nano-MOSFETs especially at 10-nm technology node along with various sub 45-nm technology nodes. Application of the threshold extraction methods to implement noise analysis is briefly presented to infer the most appropriate extraction method at nanometer technology nodes.展开更多
We consider the psychophysical experiments in which the test subject’s binary reaction is determined by the prescribed exposure duration to a stimulus and a random variable subjective threshold. For example, when a s...We consider the psychophysical experiments in which the test subject’s binary reaction is determined by the prescribed exposure duration to a stimulus and a random variable subjective threshold. For example, when a subject is exposed to a millimeter wave beam for a prescribed duration, the occurrence of flight action is binary (yes or no). In experiments, in addition to the binary outcome, the actuation time of flight action is also recorded if it occurs;the delay from the initiation time to the actuation time of flight action is the human reaction time, which is not measurable. In this study, we model the random subjective threshold as a Weibull distribution and formulate an inference method for estimating the human reaction time, from data of prescribed exposure durations, binary outcomes and actuation times of flight action collected in a sequence of tests. Numerical simulations demonstrate that the inference of human reaction time based on the Weibull distribution converges to the correct value even when the underlying true model deviates from the inference model. This robustness of the inference method makes it applicable to real experimental data where the underlying true model is unknown.展开更多
经实验测定,草地螟(Loxostege sticticalis L. )各虫态的发育起点温度:卵为14.3℃、幼虫为12.7℃、蛹为11.6℃、成虫为11.0℃;有效积温:卵为30.5日度、幼虫为190.7日度、蛹为158.3日度、成虫为96.7日度。全世代的发育起点温度为10.5℃,...经实验测定,草地螟(Loxostege sticticalis L. )各虫态的发育起点温度:卵为14.3℃、幼虫为12.7℃、蛹为11.6℃、成虫为11.0℃;有效积温:卵为30.5日度、幼虫为190.7日度、蛹为158.3日度、成虫为96.7日度。全世代的发育起点温度为10.5℃,有效积温为531.2日度。虽然草地螟各虫态的理论发育起点温度和实测值尚有一定差异,但根据上述结果推算的发生世代数目和实际发生世代数目基本一致。根据对草地螟发生地区的有效积温计算和实际观察记载,草地螟在我国的发生世代数目表现为由南到北递减的趋势。在年等温线0℃以北地区每年发生1代,年等温线0—8℃地区年生2—3代,年等温线8—12℃地区年生3—4代。草地螟在我国的主要为害区是2—3代区,主要为害世代是第一代。展开更多
基金supported by the Joint Funds of the Ministry of Education of China(No.6141A02022383)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of Ministry of Education of China(No.20101195611)
文摘In order to improve the sensitivity of the Compass B1C signal acquisition for the receiver,the principle of constant false alarm rate(CFAR)is applied for the B1C pilot channel acquisition to realize the dynamic adjustment of the threshold of acquisition against the carrier to noise ratio.The non-coherent data/pilot combined acquisition algorithm for B1C signal is analyzed to make full use of the power of the B1C signal under the condition of low carrier to noise ratio.On this basis,to improve the acquisition sensitivity of the receiver,the principle of constant false alarm probability is applied for the non-coherent data/pilot combined acquisition algorithm.Theoretical analysis and simulations show that the non-coherent data/pilot combined acquisition algorithm with CFAR improves the B1C signal acquisition sensitivity of the receiver significantly,and achieves a better Receiver Operating Characteristic compared with the traditional acquisition algorithms.
文摘We consider the response of a test subject upon a skin area being heated with an electromagnetic wave or a contact surface. When the specifications of the electromagnetic beam are fixed, the stimulus is solely described by the heating duration. The binary response of a subject, escape or no escape, is determined by the stimulus and a subjective threshold that varies among test realizations. We study four methods for inferring the median subjective threshold in psychophysical experiments: 1) sample median, 2) maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) with 2 variables, 3) MLE with 1 variable, and 4) adaptive Bayesian method. While methods 1 - 3 require samples of time to escape measured in the method of limits, method 4 utilizes binary outcomes observed in the method of constant stimuli. We find that a) the adaptive Bayesian method converges and is as efficient as the sample median even when the assumed model distribution is incorrect;b) this robust convergence is lost if we infer the mean instead of the median;c) for the optimal performance in an uncertain situation, it is best to use a wide model distribution;d) the predicted error from the posterior standard deviation is unreliable, dominated by the assumed model distribution.
文摘Threshold voltage (V<sub>TH</sub>) is the most evocative aspect of MOSFET operation. It is the crucial device constraint to model on-off transition characteristics. Precise V<sub>TH</sub> value of the device is extracted and evaluated by several estimation techniques. However, these assessed values of V<sub>TH</sub> diverge from the exact values due to various short channel effects (SCEs) and non-idealities present in the device. Numerous prevalent V<sub>TH</sub> extraction methods are discussed. All the results are verified by extensive 2-D TCAD simulation and confirmed through analytical results at 10-nm technology node. Aim of this research paper is to explore and present a comparative study of largely applied threshold extraction methods for bulk driven nano-MOSFETs especially at 10-nm technology node along with various sub 45-nm technology nodes. Application of the threshold extraction methods to implement noise analysis is briefly presented to infer the most appropriate extraction method at nanometer technology nodes.
文摘We consider the psychophysical experiments in which the test subject’s binary reaction is determined by the prescribed exposure duration to a stimulus and a random variable subjective threshold. For example, when a subject is exposed to a millimeter wave beam for a prescribed duration, the occurrence of flight action is binary (yes or no). In experiments, in addition to the binary outcome, the actuation time of flight action is also recorded if it occurs;the delay from the initiation time to the actuation time of flight action is the human reaction time, which is not measurable. In this study, we model the random subjective threshold as a Weibull distribution and formulate an inference method for estimating the human reaction time, from data of prescribed exposure durations, binary outcomes and actuation times of flight action collected in a sequence of tests. Numerical simulations demonstrate that the inference of human reaction time based on the Weibull distribution converges to the correct value even when the underlying true model deviates from the inference model. This robustness of the inference method makes it applicable to real experimental data where the underlying true model is unknown.
文摘经实验测定,草地螟(Loxostege sticticalis L. )各虫态的发育起点温度:卵为14.3℃、幼虫为12.7℃、蛹为11.6℃、成虫为11.0℃;有效积温:卵为30.5日度、幼虫为190.7日度、蛹为158.3日度、成虫为96.7日度。全世代的发育起点温度为10.5℃,有效积温为531.2日度。虽然草地螟各虫态的理论发育起点温度和实测值尚有一定差异,但根据上述结果推算的发生世代数目和实际发生世代数目基本一致。根据对草地螟发生地区的有效积温计算和实际观察记载,草地螟在我国的发生世代数目表现为由南到北递减的趋势。在年等温线0℃以北地区每年发生1代,年等温线0—8℃地区年生2—3代,年等温线8—12℃地区年生3—4代。草地螟在我国的主要为害区是2—3代区,主要为害世代是第一代。
