We presented a boundary element method using the approximate analytical Green's function given by Sanchez-Sesma et al. Coordinate transform is introduced to extend the method to deal with the model with constant-grad...We presented a boundary element method using the approximate analytical Green's function given by Sanchez-Sesma et al. Coordinate transform is introduced to extend the method to deal with the model with constant-gradient velocity along oblique direction. The method is validated by comparing the numerical results with other independent methods. This method provides a useful tool for analyzing local site effects. We computed seismic response for two series of models. The results in both frequency and time domains are analyzed and show complex amplification patterns. The fundamental mode of resonance is dependent not only on the velocity at the free surface but also on the velocity distribution of the whole basin. For the higher modes of vibration the heterogeneous basin also has its own characteristic.展开更多
A circularly orbiting electromagnetic harmonic wave may appear when a 1S electron encounters a decelerating stopping positively charged hole inside a semiconductor. The circularly orbiting electromagnetic harmonic wav...A circularly orbiting electromagnetic harmonic wave may appear when a 1S electron encounters a decelerating stopping positively charged hole inside a semiconductor. The circularly orbiting electromagnetic harmonic wave can have an interaction with a conducting electron which has a constant time independent drift velocity.展开更多
Accurate measurement of acoustic velocities of sedimentary rocks is essential for prediction of rock elastic constants and well failure analysis during drilling operations.Direct measurement by advanced logging tools ...Accurate measurement of acoustic velocities of sedimentary rocks is essential for prediction of rock elastic constants and well failure analysis during drilling operations.Direct measurement by advanced logging tools such as dipole sonic imager is not always possible.For older wells,such data are not available in most cases.Therefore,it is an alternate way to develop a reliable correlation to estimate the shear wave velocity from existing log and/or core data.The objective of this research is to investigate the nature of dependency of different reservoir parameters on the shear wave velocity(VS) of clastic sedimentary rocks,and to identify the parameter/variable which shows the highest level of dependency.In the study,data-driven connectionist models are developed using machine learning approach of least square support vector machine(LSSVM).The coupled simulated annealing(CSA) approach is utilized to optimize the tuning and kernel parameters in the model development.The performance of the simulation-based model is evaluated using statistical parameters.It is found that the most dependency predictor variable is the compressional wave velocity,followed by the rock porosity,bulk density and shale volume in turn.A new correlation is developed to estimate VS,which captures the most influential parameters of sedimentary rocks.The new correlation is verified and compared with existing models using measured data of sandstone,and it exhibits a minimal error and high correlation coefficient(R^(2)-0.96).The hybridized LSSVM-CSA connectionist model development strategy can be applied for further analysis to predict rock mechanical properties.Additionally,the improved correlation of VS can be adopted to estimate rock elastic constants and conduct wellbore failure analysis for safe drilling and field development decisions,reducing the exploration costs.展开更多
The quadratic rheology model considers the yield stress,viscous stress,turbulent stress and disperse stress,so it is used in this study to derive the velocity profile of debris flows.The quadratic model with the parab...The quadratic rheology model considers the yield stress,viscous stress,turbulent stress and disperse stress,so it is used in this study to derive the velocity profile of debris flows.The quadratic model with the parabolic eddy viscosity was numerically solved,and an analytical solution was derived for the quadratic model with a constant eddy viscosity.These two solutions were compared with the Arai-Takahashi model that excluded the viscous stress and the yield stress.The three models were tested by using 17 experiment cases of debris flows over rigid beds.The results prove that the quadratic model with parabolic and constant eddy viscosities is applicable to muddy and granular flows,whereas the Arai-Takahashi model tends to overestimate the flow velocity near the water surface if a plug-like layer exists.In addition,the von Karman constant and the zero-velocity elevation in the three models are related to sediment concentration.The von Karman constant decreases first and then increases as the sediment concentration increases.The zero-velocity elevation is below the bed surface,likely due to the invalidity of the non-slip boundary condition for the debris flows over fixed beds.展开更多
The paper presents the problem of right direction of changes of the velocity quotient in view of getting advantageous smoothing results of material finishing using a compact elastic wheel. In fact the problem has been...The paper presents the problem of right direction of changes of the velocity quotient in view of getting advantageous smoothing results of material finishing using a compact elastic wheel. In fact the problem has been considered reversely in comparison with the change direction of the velocity quotient on the grounds of knowledge on grinding using ceramic wheels. The specifics of performance of the elastic wheels are considered. The investigation was carried out on the effect of their peripheral velocity on the directions of smoothing. The problem is considered by presenting it on the background of determined results of grinding using a ceramic wheel. The dependence of a determined roughness measure of the smoothed surface on the velocity quotient is delivered. The forms of a function approximating experimental dependences of the subject roughness measure on the mentioned quotient have been derived. Furthermore, the results coming out of the performed experimental studies have been presented.展开更多
Quarks move within the nucleon at relativistic speeds. This causes intertia. This inertia results in gravitational mass-effect. For short distances this is the strong force, for distant objects it is gravity. This is ...Quarks move within the nucleon at relativistic speeds. This causes intertia. This inertia results in gravitational mass-effect. For short distances this is the strong force, for distant objects it is gravity. This is due to an increase in the gravitational constant related to the velocity of objects moving at speeds close to the speed of light. This relation is calculable with a formula presented in the text.展开更多
Physico-mechanical properties are critically important parameters for rocks. This study aims to examine some of the rock properties of quartz-mica schist(QMS) rocks in a cost-effective manner by establishing correla...Physico-mechanical properties are critically important parameters for rocks. This study aims to examine some of the rock properties of quartz-mica schist(QMS) rocks in a cost-effective manner by establishing correlations between non-destructive and destructive tests. Using simple regression analysis, good correlations were obtained between the pulse wave velocities and the properties of QMS rocks. The results were further improved by using multiple regression analysis as compared to those obtained by the simple linear regression analysis. The results were also compared to the ones obtained by other empirical equations available. The general equations encompassing all types of rocks did not give reliable results of rock properties and showed large relative errors, ranging from 23% to 1146%. It is suggested that empirical correlations must be investigated separately for different types of rocks. The general empirical equations should not be used for the design and planning purposes before they are verified at least on one rock sample from the project site, as they may contain large unacceptable errors.展开更多
Sommerfeld’s fundamental fine-structure constant α once more gives reason to be amazed. This comment is a Chapter of a publication in preparation dealing mainly with golden ratio signature behind Preston Guynn’s fa...Sommerfeld’s fundamental fine-structure constant α once more gives reason to be amazed. This comment is a Chapter of a publication in preparation dealing mainly with golden ratio signature behind Preston Guynn’s famous matter/space approach. As a result we present a relation of α to the galactic velocity , mediated by the circle constant π, which points to an omnipresent importance of this constant and its intrinsic reciprocity pecularity: α ≈ π<sup>2</sup>|β<sub>g</sub>| respectively . The designation fine-structure constant should be replaced simply by Sommerfeld’s constant. We present golden mean-based approximations for α as well as for electron’s charge and mass and connect the word average value of interaction coupling constant α<sub>s</sub>(m<sub>z</sub>) with |β<sub>g</sub>|.展开更多
In the research of windblown sand movement,the lift-off and incident velocities of saltating sand particles play a significant role in bridging the spatial and temporal scales from single sand particle's motion to wi...In the research of windblown sand movement,the lift-off and incident velocities of saltating sand particles play a significant role in bridging the spatial and temporal scales from single sand particle's motion to windblown sand flux.In this paper,we achieved wind tunnel measurements of the movement of sand particles near sand bed through improving the wind tunnel experimental scheme of paticle image velocimetry(PIV) and data processing method.And then the influence of observation height on the probability distributions of lift-off and incident velocities of sand particles was analyzed.The results demonstrate that the observation height has no obvious influence on the distribution pattern of the lift-off and incident velocities of sand particles,i.e.,the probability distribution of horizontal and vertical velocities of lift-off and incident sand particles follow a Gaussian distribution and a negative exponential distribution,respectively.However,it influences the center of the Gaussian distribution,the decay constant and the amplitude of the negative exponential distribution.展开更多
The equations for energy, momentum, frequency, wavelength and also Schr?dinger equation of the electromagnetic wave in the atom are derived using the model of atom by analogy with the transmission line. The action con...The equations for energy, momentum, frequency, wavelength and also Schr?dinger equation of the electromagnetic wave in the atom are derived using the model of atom by analogy with the transmission line. The action constant A0 = (μ0/ε0)1/2s02e2 is a key term in the above mentioned equations. Besides the other well-known quantities, the only one unknown quantity in the last expression is a structural constant s0. Therefore, this article is dedicated to the calculation of the structural constant of the atoms on the basis of the above mentioned model. The structural constant of the atoms s0 = 8.277 56 shows up as a link between macroscopic and atomic world. After calculating this constant we get the theory of atoms based on Maxwell’s and Lorentz equations only. This theory does not require Planck constant h, which once was introduced empirically. Replacement for h is the action constant A0, which is here theoretically derived, while the replacement for fine structure constant α is 1/(2s02). In this way, the structural constant s0 replaces both constants, h and α. This paper also defines the stationary states of atoms and shows that the maximal atomic number is equal to 2s02 = 137.036, i.e., as integer should be Zmax=137. The presented model of the atoms covers three of the four fundamental interactions, namely the electromagnetic, weak and strong interactions.展开更多
基金supported by the National Science Foundation of China(Nos. D40444002 and D40521002)National Key Basic Research Program(No.2006CB705803)
文摘We presented a boundary element method using the approximate analytical Green's function given by Sanchez-Sesma et al. Coordinate transform is introduced to extend the method to deal with the model with constant-gradient velocity along oblique direction. The method is validated by comparing the numerical results with other independent methods. This method provides a useful tool for analyzing local site effects. We computed seismic response for two series of models. The results in both frequency and time domains are analyzed and show complex amplification patterns. The fundamental mode of resonance is dependent not only on the velocity at the free surface but also on the velocity distribution of the whole basin. For the higher modes of vibration the heterogeneous basin also has its own characteristic.
文摘A circularly orbiting electromagnetic harmonic wave may appear when a 1S electron encounters a decelerating stopping positively charged hole inside a semiconductor. The circularly orbiting electromagnetic harmonic wave can have an interaction with a conducting electron which has a constant time independent drift velocity.
文摘Accurate measurement of acoustic velocities of sedimentary rocks is essential for prediction of rock elastic constants and well failure analysis during drilling operations.Direct measurement by advanced logging tools such as dipole sonic imager is not always possible.For older wells,such data are not available in most cases.Therefore,it is an alternate way to develop a reliable correlation to estimate the shear wave velocity from existing log and/or core data.The objective of this research is to investigate the nature of dependency of different reservoir parameters on the shear wave velocity(VS) of clastic sedimentary rocks,and to identify the parameter/variable which shows the highest level of dependency.In the study,data-driven connectionist models are developed using machine learning approach of least square support vector machine(LSSVM).The coupled simulated annealing(CSA) approach is utilized to optimize the tuning and kernel parameters in the model development.The performance of the simulation-based model is evaluated using statistical parameters.It is found that the most dependency predictor variable is the compressional wave velocity,followed by the rock porosity,bulk density and shale volume in turn.A new correlation is developed to estimate VS,which captures the most influential parameters of sedimentary rocks.The new correlation is verified and compared with existing models using measured data of sandstone,and it exhibits a minimal error and high correlation coefficient(R^(2)-0.96).The hybridized LSSVM-CSA connectionist model development strategy can be applied for further analysis to predict rock mechanical properties.Additionally,the improved correlation of VS can be adopted to estimate rock elastic constants and conduct wellbore failure analysis for safe drilling and field development decisions,reducing the exploration costs.
基金supported by the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program(No.2019QZKK0902)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41601004 and 41702369)Scientific and Technological Project in Henan Province(No.212102310055).
文摘The quadratic rheology model considers the yield stress,viscous stress,turbulent stress and disperse stress,so it is used in this study to derive the velocity profile of debris flows.The quadratic model with the parabolic eddy viscosity was numerically solved,and an analytical solution was derived for the quadratic model with a constant eddy viscosity.These two solutions were compared with the Arai-Takahashi model that excluded the viscous stress and the yield stress.The three models were tested by using 17 experiment cases of debris flows over rigid beds.The results prove that the quadratic model with parabolic and constant eddy viscosities is applicable to muddy and granular flows,whereas the Arai-Takahashi model tends to overestimate the flow velocity near the water surface if a plug-like layer exists.In addition,the von Karman constant and the zero-velocity elevation in the three models are related to sediment concentration.The von Karman constant decreases first and then increases as the sediment concentration increases.The zero-velocity elevation is below the bed surface,likely due to the invalidity of the non-slip boundary condition for the debris flows over fixed beds.
文摘The paper presents the problem of right direction of changes of the velocity quotient in view of getting advantageous smoothing results of material finishing using a compact elastic wheel. In fact the problem has been considered reversely in comparison with the change direction of the velocity quotient on the grounds of knowledge on grinding using ceramic wheels. The specifics of performance of the elastic wheels are considered. The investigation was carried out on the effect of their peripheral velocity on the directions of smoothing. The problem is considered by presenting it on the background of determined results of grinding using a ceramic wheel. The dependence of a determined roughness measure of the smoothed surface on the velocity quotient is delivered. The forms of a function approximating experimental dependences of the subject roughness measure on the mentioned quotient have been derived. Furthermore, the results coming out of the performed experimental studies have been presented.
文摘Quarks move within the nucleon at relativistic speeds. This causes intertia. This inertia results in gravitational mass-effect. For short distances this is the strong force, for distant objects it is gravity. This is due to an increase in the gravitational constant related to the velocity of objects moving at speeds close to the speed of light. This relation is calculable with a formula presented in the text.
文摘Physico-mechanical properties are critically important parameters for rocks. This study aims to examine some of the rock properties of quartz-mica schist(QMS) rocks in a cost-effective manner by establishing correlations between non-destructive and destructive tests. Using simple regression analysis, good correlations were obtained between the pulse wave velocities and the properties of QMS rocks. The results were further improved by using multiple regression analysis as compared to those obtained by the simple linear regression analysis. The results were also compared to the ones obtained by other empirical equations available. The general equations encompassing all types of rocks did not give reliable results of rock properties and showed large relative errors, ranging from 23% to 1146%. It is suggested that empirical correlations must be investigated separately for different types of rocks. The general empirical equations should not be used for the design and planning purposes before they are verified at least on one rock sample from the project site, as they may contain large unacceptable errors.
文摘Sommerfeld’s fundamental fine-structure constant α once more gives reason to be amazed. This comment is a Chapter of a publication in preparation dealing mainly with golden ratio signature behind Preston Guynn’s famous matter/space approach. As a result we present a relation of α to the galactic velocity , mediated by the circle constant π, which points to an omnipresent importance of this constant and its intrinsic reciprocity pecularity: α ≈ π<sup>2</sup>|β<sub>g</sub>| respectively . The designation fine-structure constant should be replaced simply by Sommerfeld’s constant. We present golden mean-based approximations for α as well as for electron’s charge and mass and connect the word average value of interaction coupling constant α<sub>s</sub>(m<sub>z</sub>) with |β<sub>g</sub>|.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (11072097, 11232006, 11202088, 10972164 and 11121202)the Science Foundation of Ministry of Education of China (308022)+1 种基金Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (lzujbky-2009-k01)the Project of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (2009CB421304)
文摘In the research of windblown sand movement,the lift-off and incident velocities of saltating sand particles play a significant role in bridging the spatial and temporal scales from single sand particle's motion to windblown sand flux.In this paper,we achieved wind tunnel measurements of the movement of sand particles near sand bed through improving the wind tunnel experimental scheme of paticle image velocimetry(PIV) and data processing method.And then the influence of observation height on the probability distributions of lift-off and incident velocities of sand particles was analyzed.The results demonstrate that the observation height has no obvious influence on the distribution pattern of the lift-off and incident velocities of sand particles,i.e.,the probability distribution of horizontal and vertical velocities of lift-off and incident sand particles follow a Gaussian distribution and a negative exponential distribution,respectively.However,it influences the center of the Gaussian distribution,the decay constant and the amplitude of the negative exponential distribution.
文摘The equations for energy, momentum, frequency, wavelength and also Schr?dinger equation of the electromagnetic wave in the atom are derived using the model of atom by analogy with the transmission line. The action constant A0 = (μ0/ε0)1/2s02e2 is a key term in the above mentioned equations. Besides the other well-known quantities, the only one unknown quantity in the last expression is a structural constant s0. Therefore, this article is dedicated to the calculation of the structural constant of the atoms on the basis of the above mentioned model. The structural constant of the atoms s0 = 8.277 56 shows up as a link between macroscopic and atomic world. After calculating this constant we get the theory of atoms based on Maxwell’s and Lorentz equations only. This theory does not require Planck constant h, which once was introduced empirically. Replacement for h is the action constant A0, which is here theoretically derived, while the replacement for fine structure constant α is 1/(2s02). In this way, the structural constant s0 replaces both constants, h and α. This paper also defines the stationary states of atoms and shows that the maximal atomic number is equal to 2s02 = 137.036, i.e., as integer should be Zmax=137. The presented model of the atoms covers three of the four fundamental interactions, namely the electromagnetic, weak and strong interactions.