DISPLACEMENT CONTROL AND KINETIC ANALYSIS OF A NOVEL VARIABLE DISPLACEMENT COMPRESSOR FOR AUTOMOTIVE AIR CONDITIONER

A novel variable displacement compressor (VDC) for automotive air conditioner (AAC) is introduced, which inherits the advantages of common wobble plate type VDC. It has fewer parts and makes less noise, and instead of pneumatic valve the displacement is controlled by electronic control valve. In order to know the control mechanism well and get a good control effect, a mathematical model for the variable displacement mechanism is developed according to the geometrical and kinematical information of the compressor. Using the model, the effect of relevant parameters on variable displace control is estimated. It is helpful to make the optimum decision in the flow control of AAC. As the novel displacement control device, the structure and control rule of electronic control valve is introduced. It can get better effect than the conventional pneumatic valves. And by using this new electronic control device, the optimum systemic control of AAC is available.

APPROACH FOR LAYOUT OPTIMIZATION OF TRUSS STRUCTURES WITH DISCRETE VARIABLES UNDER DYNAMIC STRESS, DISPLACEMENT AND STABILITY CONSTRAINTS

A mathematical model was developed for layout optimization of truss structures with discrete variables subjected to dynamic stress, dynamic displacement and dynamic stability constraints. By using the quasi-static method, the mathematical model of structure optimization under dynamic stress, dynamic displacement and dynamic stability constraints were transformed into one subjected to static stress, displacement and stability constraints. The optimization procedures include two levels, i.e., the topology optimization and the shape optimization. In each level, the comprehensive algorithm was used and the relative difference quotients of two kinds of variables were used to search the optimum solution. A comparison between the optimum results of model with stability constraints and the optimum results of model without stability constraint was given. And that shows the stability constraints have a great effect on the optimum solutions.

Approximate analysis method for displacement responses of structures with active variable stiffness systems

The performance of structures with active variable stiffness (AVS) systems exhibits strong nonlinearity due to the variety with time of the stiffness of each storey unit,in which the AVS system is installed.Hence,the classical dynamic analysis method for linear structures,such as the mode-superposition method,is not applicable to structures with AVS systems.In this paper,an approximate analysis method is proposed for displacement responses of structures with AVS systems.Firstly,an equivalent relationship between single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) structures equipped with AVS systems and so-called fictitious linear structures is established.Then,an approximate mode-superposition (AMS) method is presented for multi-degree-of-freedom (MDOF) structures equipped with AVS systems.The accuracy of this method is investigated through extensive parametrical study using different types of earthquake excitations,and some modification is made to the method. Numerical calculation results indicate that the modified AMS method is effective for estimating the maximum displacements relative to the ground and the maximum interstorey drifts of MDOF structures equipped with AVS systems.

A METHOD FOR TOPOLOGICAL OPTIMIZATION OF STRUCTURES WITH DISCRETE VARIABLES UNDER DYNAMIC STRESS AND DISPLACEMENT CONSTRAINTS

A method for topological optimization of structures with discrete variables subjected to dynamic stress and displacement constraints is presented. By using the quasistatic method, the structure optimization problem under dynamic stress and displacement constraints is converted into one subjected to static stress and displacement constraints. The comprehensive algorithm for topological optimization of structures with discrete variables is used to find the optimum solution.

A New Type of Continuously Variable Displacement Mechanism Used for Hydraulic Motors

A continuously variable displacement mechanism, which is composed of a hydraulic control valve with mechanical-positional feedback to camshaft, was designed for changing the displacement of traditional camshaft connecting-rod low speed high torque (LSHT) hydraulic motor continuously. The new type of continuously variable displacement mechanism is simple and easy to be made. The structure and principle of a continuously variable displacement mechanism was introduced. The mathematic model of the continuously variable displacement mechanism was set up and its static and dynamic characteristics were analyzed with the help of computer simulation. It can be seen that the cam ring on camshaft of the traditional LSHT hydraulic motor can stop at any position between minimum and maximum eccentricity, according to an input fluid pressure signal. And it can also stay anywhere stably through self-adjusting. Besides, it can work stabilized when load impact or oil leakage exists.

Inverse design and realization of an optical cavity-based displacement transducer with arbitrary responses

Optical cavity has long been critical for a variety of applications ranging from precise measurement to spectral analysis.A number of theories and methods have been successful in describing the optical response of a stratified optical cavity,while the inverse problem,especially the inverse design of a displacement sensitive cavity,remains a significant challenge due to the cost of computation and comprehensive performance requirements.This paper reports a novel inverse design methodology combining the characteristic matrix method,mixed-discrete variables optimization algorithm,and Monte Carlo method-based tolerance analysis.The material characteristics are indexed to enable the mixed-discrete variables optimization,which yields considerable speed and efficiency improvements.This method allows arbitrary response adjustment with technical feasibility and gives a glimpse into the analytical characterization of the optical response.Two entirely different light-displacement responses,including an asymmetric sawtooth-like response and a highly symmetric response,are dug out and experimentally achieved,which fully confirms the validity of the method.The compact Fabry-Perot cavities have a good balance between performance and feasibility,making them promising candidates for displacement transducers.More importantly,the proposed inverse design paves the way for a universal design of optical cavities,or even nanophotonic devices.

A numerical study of comparison of two one-state-variable,rate-and state-dependent friction evolution laws

The two one-state-variable, rate- and state-dependent friction laws, i.e., the slip and slowness laws, are com- pared on the basis of dynamical behavior of a one-degree-of-freedom spring-slider model through numerical simulations. Results show that two （normalized） model parameters, i.e., A （the normalized characteristic slip distance） and β-α （the difference in two normalized parameters of friction laws）, control the solutions. From given values of △, β, and α, for the slowness laws, the solution exists and the unique non-zero fixed point is stable when △〉（β-α）, yet not when △ 〈（β-α）. For the slip law, the solution exists for large ranges of model parameters and the number and stability of the non-zero fixed points change from one case to another. Results suggest that the slip law is more appropriate for controlling earthquake dynamics than the slowness law.

高桩码头结构安全监测预警模型及工程应用

高桩码头结构在服役期内会出现不同程度的损伤,导致码头结构安全性降低。为保证码头长期安全运行,可通过实时监测确定码头运行状态并及时预警。提出一种高桩码头结构安全监测预警模型,采用不同结构状态的设计控制值作为不同级别的预警阈值,每级预警阈值对应不同的风险程度,针对不同级别的预警提出相应处置措施。将该预警模型应用于南京港某高桩码头的安全监测,对可变荷载作用下码头结构位移和桩基应变进行实时监测,并计算设置码头结构位移和桩基应变三级安全预警阈值。结果表明,码头安全预警阈值的设置及安全告警的应对措施科学有效,实现了码头结构全工况整体技术状态评估和安全预警。

深层页岩天然裂缝群发育下缝网压裂优化方法——以川南地区LH-7井为例

川南地区深层页岩气区块天然裂缝发育情况变化较大,压裂期间容易发生滤失严重、井间压窜等现象,对页岩气井缝网压裂效果存在显著影响。开展深层页岩地层天然裂缝群影响下的压裂缝网扩展模拟,并根据天然裂缝群特征针对性地进行缝网压裂参数优化,减少天然裂缝群造成的不利影响,有助于改善压裂效果,降低施工风险,提高气井最终采收率。文中构建了深层页岩天然裂缝群发育下的压裂缝网扩展模型,以川南地区LH-7井为例,绘制了天然裂缝群发育井段压裂优化设计系列图版,提出了裂缝发育井段压裂参数优化设计流程。该井采用压裂液变黏变排量缝网压裂设计,压裂液总量增多0.75%,缝网体积扩大14%,缝网建造效率提高13%,优化效果显著。

变排量液压马达旋转驱动系统角位移控制技术

变排量液压马达旋转驱动系统具有效率高、响应快、高负载匹配性、低功率需求等优势,能够大幅提高飞机液压旋转驱动系统的效率。为实现对变排量液压马达旋转驱动系统的精确控制,需开展系统角位移控制技术研究。建立了系统的数学模型,搭建了AMESim仿真模型,分析了系统的运动特性及频域控制特性,提出了由排量回路、转速回路和角位移回路组成的三闭环串级控制方案,研究了不同控制参数对系统控制特性的影响。研究结果表明,双闭环控制无法满足旋转驱动系统的稳定条件,三闭环控制引入转速负反馈克服了双闭环控制中角位移对转速的正反馈效应,增大了位置回路的阻尼,能实现系统稳定控制。同时研制了原理样机并进行了测试验证,测试数据表明,三闭环控制方案能实现旋转驱动系统高精度位置控制,为变量马达在飞机液压旋转驱动系统中的应用提供了参考。

变排量注替防漏固井技术在KS区块储层的应用

针对塔里木油田库车山前储层埋藏深、地层复杂、裂缝发育,安全密度窗口窄,对环空压力变化极为敏感,在固井施工过程中易发生井漏,导致整体固井质量较差,严重影响后期生产的问题。通过对现有传统固井工艺的主要技术特点和应用特点进行分析,基于塞流固井工艺的特点,提出了变排量固井工艺,进行了适应性评价,并提出了相应的固井设计方法。变排量固井设计包括雷诺数计算、流态判别、变排量施工参数设计、变排量施工对环空流体性能要求。现场应用实践表明:采用变排量注替防漏固井技术能有效地节约施工时间,降低施工风险,防止井漏,提高顶替效率,解决库车山前储层尾管固井地层裂缝发育、固井安全密度窗口窄、地层承压能力低等难题。

基于复变函数理论的无中导连拱隧道应力与位移解析解

无中导连拱隧道由于后行洞衬砌搭接于先行洞衬砌拱腰之上,围岩与衬砌受力情况复杂,开展相应的围岩与衬砌应力和位移分析具有重要的工程意义。基于复变函数理论和Schwarz交替法,提出了深埋条件下考虑衬砌的无中导连拱隧道围岩与衬砌应力和变形的计算方法。针对无中导连拱隧道两洞具有共用边界的特点,在利用柯西积分法进行求解时,将单洞衬砌与围岩接触的边界积分条件转化为仅存在单洞时的完整边界积分与共用边界积分之差,对于Schwarz交替法中求解“附加面力”的过程亦进行类似处理。给出共用边界应力与位移的计算方法。通过算例,将上述解析结果和数值仿真结果进行对比,证明了方法的可行性和准确性。

锥形缸体轴向变量柱塞泵建模及动态特性仿真

柱塞泵是液压系统的重要部件之一,具有结构紧凑、工作压力高、效率高等特点,在工业领域有广泛应用.但是,由于我国液压技术的发展起步较晚,当前高端柱塞泵严重依赖进口,因而对柱塞泵进行研究、推动其自主生产具有重要价值.本文对柱塞泵进行了AMEsim仿真研究,试图为自主设计制造柱塞泵时关键参数的设置与结构优化提供一些指导.根据PD11V高压变量柱塞泵的结构特点和工作原理,本文分析计算了其锥形缸体结构柱塞泵柱塞的空间运动方程,对其中的关键零部件配流盘进行了过流面积计算,利用AMEsim仿真软件建立了九柱塞锥形缸体柱塞泵的仿真模型,然后仿真研究了不同斜盘倾角及电机转速对柱塞泵出口流量压力特性的影响.结果表明,适当减小斜盘倾角并选择合适的电机转速可以减小泵运行过程中的噪声.最后,本文根据变量机构伺服控制回路原理进行了AMEsim建模与仿真,将电气正流量恒功率压力切断控制模型各部分的仿真结果与实测参数进行了对比,结果表明输出控制特性曲线符合变量机构的设计和功能要求,验证了仿真模型的准确性.

可靠性驱动下的机械元动作单元变论域自适应模糊PID振动控制系统研究

机械元动作装配单元可靠性是整机功能可靠性的重要构成,元动作单元工作过程中振动异常是导致其故障频发的重要因素。因此,采取有效的振动控制策略对降低元动作单元运行故障、提高单元可靠性和整机性能具有良好的工程意义。结合主动控制思想采用简易、精准的作动装置建立了一种智能的振动控制系统。为了提升控制系统中智能位移作动器的进给精度,设计了变论域自适应模糊PID控制器,并通过仿真分析了控制系统的可行性。仿真结果表明,变论域自适应模糊PID控制器下的系统响应具有极低的超调量、较少调整时间和趋于零的稳态误差。此项研究为提高机械产品使用可靠性提供了一种新的振动控制技术手段。

陆地风电空心锥形基础水平循环承载特性研究

通过开展砂土中等幅值和变幅值循环加载模型试验,针对空心锥形基础累积位移、转角和水平刚度进行研究。等幅值加载过程中,空心锥形基础沿加载方向减速移动,最终达到稳定状态;基础尺寸和荷载幅值对累积水平位移和转角影响显著,当荷载幅值δ_(b)为0.2和0.5时,位移量和倾角随底板直径的增大而增大,而当δ_(b)为0.8时,位移量和倾角随底板直径的增大先减小后增大;当δ_(b)为0.2、0.5和0.8时,水平刚度随底板直径的增大分别降低39%、59.7%、43.9%。变幅值加载过程中,空心锥形基础在幅值逐级增加时沿加载方向加速移动,水平刚度随基础底板直径的增大先增大后减小,在幅值逐级递减时沿加载方向减速移动,水平刚度随基础底板直径的增大先减小后增大;位移量和倾角在幅值逐级递增时最大,逐级递减次之,等幅值加载最小。通过对无量纲化累积转角拟合,提出等幅值累积转角计算公式,经验证,计算公式与模型试验结果吻合较好。

膈肌位移联合下腔静脉变异度对机械通气患者撤机结局的预测价值

目的探讨膈肌位移(DD)联合下腔静脉变异度(△DVCV)对机械通气(MV)患者撤机结局的预测价值。方法回顾性分析2021年1月至2022年1月于乐平市天湖医院进行MV的80例患者的临床资料。收集所有患者的临床资料,并应用超声检查评估患者△DVCV和DD,同时记录患者呼吸浅快指数(RBSI),根据撤机结果分为撤机成功组与撤机失败组。比较两组的临床资料、撤机参数,采用ROC分析DD、△DVCV对MV撤机结局的预测价值。结果80例患者中,50例撤机成功,30例撤机失败;两组性别、年龄、急性生理学和慢性健康状况评价Ⅱ(APACHEⅡ)、MV时长、氧合指数、pH值比较差异无统计学意义。撤机成功组RBSI小于撤机失败组,△DVCV大于撤机失败组,DD长于撤机失败组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。ROC曲线结果分析显示,△DVCV、DD单独预测MV患者撤机结局的AUC均高于RBSI,且DD联合△DVCV对MV撤机结局的灵敏度、特异度、准确度均高于△DVCV、DD单独预测。结论DD联合△DVCV对MV患者撤机结局的预测价值较高,可为撤机提供更加全面、准确的数据支持,从而提升预测价值。

球形泵变转速下空化特性及性能分析

球形泵是机电产品中的一种新型结构泵,空化现象仍然是影响水泵性能的重要因素。针对球形泵在工作时因转速所导致的空化问题,对变转速下的球形泵的空化特性及性能进行了研究。首先,采用计算流体动力学方法,并运用动网格技术,模拟了球形水泵的内部流场;然后,根据模拟仿真结果分析了转速对工作腔内空化过程的影响,获得了水泵容积效率的变化规律;最后,根据模拟结果对球形泵吸液口进行了改进。研究结果表明:球形泵工作时产生的空化现象主要发生在吸液阶段;在吸液初期与末期,较小的吸液口面积会造成工作腔内的液体压力迅速下降,吸液孔口附近和工作腔中部区域发生较明显空化;高转速时,较大的工作腔容积变化率导致空化加剧,容积效率先增大后减小;当转速为500 r/min~3000 r/min时,吸液末期腔内空化体积分数为1.01%~8.08%,球形泵容积效率为91.16%~85.51%;改善吸液口可以增大进液通道的有效工作面积,容积效率由85.51%提高至90.15%。该研究可为新型球形泵的优化设计提供参考。

静液压驱动系统性能仿真与分析

根据拖拉机静液压驱动系统泵控马达闭式回路的结构特点,提出了静液压驱动系统速度控制方案,完成了变量泵的电液比例排量调节机构的设计和选型,并运用AMESim软件仿真验证了阀-变量泵联合伺服速度控制系统方案的可行性和控制效果。

变转速变排量双动力源泵阀协同电液系统特性分析

针对起重机阀控系统响应快但能耗大,泵控系统效率高但控制精度低的问题,提出了一种变转速变排量双动力源泵阀协同的多执行元件电液系统。首先,提出了一种多模式控制策略,即在单动作微动模式下,其中一个动力源卸荷,由于系统小流量时动态响应较慢,因此小流量时采用双变量模式控制系统,通过阀芯位置自适应调节和动力源的压力闭环控制,实现了流量精准匹配的目的;其次,在单动作快速运动模式下,双动力源合流驱动单执行元件,通过控制电液动力源相关参数,补偿了因负载变化引起的泵泄漏量,以实时控制执行元件速度;在复合快速运动模式下,双动力源分流单独驱动多执行元件,通过调节单个动力源的相关参数来实时控制各执行元件速度,以及实现系统流量比例分流的目的;然后,建立了系统AMESim-Simulink的联合仿真模型与试验平台;最后,对该系统在同一设定压差下的不同设定流量的控制特性进行了仿真和试验分析。研究结果表明:该系统能实现负载变化时对流量的补偿目的,并且该系统与定转速变排量泵阀协同液压系统相比,在单动作微动模式下的流量控制精度优化了约14.76%,动态响应时间减少了约0.12 s;在单动作快速运动模式下,流量变化减小了约6.21%,系统能耗降低约了13.94 kJ;在复合快速运动模式下,系统能耗降低了约50.31 kJ;同时,该系统比传统抗流量饱和负载敏感系统具有更好的流量稳定性。