Research progress on chemical constituents and pharmacological activities of Amomum longiligulare T.L.Wu

In order to develop and utilize the tropical medicinal resource Amomum(A.)longiligulare T.L.Wu more reasonably and effectively,this paper summarizes the research progress in chemical constituents and pharmacological activities of A.longiligulare by consulting the literatures,so as to provide a certain theoretical basis for exploring its material basis.The chemical constituents of A.longiligulare mainly include volatile oil,diphenylheptane and flavonoids,which have good efficacy in anti-peptic ulcer,as well as antioxidant,analgesic and other pharmacological activities.This paper briefly discusses the reasons for the differences in the composition of volatile oil studied by different scholars.By summarizing its pharmacological activities,it is found that its various pharmacological activities may be the basis of its anti-peptic ulcer.

Phoenix dactylifera:traditional uses,chemical constituents,nutritional benefit and therapeutic effects

Phoenix dactylifera(Fam:Arecaceae)is originated from the Mesopotamia.The date fruit,was eaten fresh,in various processed forms and dried.The fruits were used traditionally as general tonic,for the treatment of liver diseases,memory disturbances,fever,inflammation,paralysis,loss of consciousness,nervous disorders and consumed by pregnant women before and after delivery.However,all parts of the plant were used for some purpose.Dates fruits were considered a complete diet and a very important item of food,with plenty of vitamins and minerals.It contained a wide range of secondary metabolites.It possessed many pharmacological effects included anticancer,antidiabetic,anti-inflammatory,antimicrobial,antiparasitic,antioxidant,anti-toxin,cardiovascular,hypolipidemic,gastrointestinal,immunomodullatory,neural,hepato and reno-protective,reproductive and wound healing effects.This review highlighted the chemical constituents,nutritional and pharmacological effects of Phoenix dactylifera.

Improvement of (Eruca sativa Mill) yield, oil, chemical constituents and antioxidant activity utilizing a by-product of yeast production (CMS) with zinc and boron under salinity stress conditions

The impact of low-quality irrigation water on plant development has garnered significant attention from researchers. In light of this, two field experiments were conducted to evaluate the performance, yield, oil production and composition, as well as active constituents of Rocket(Eruca sativa Mill) cultivated in calcareous soil under saline water irrigation. Foliar sprays containing condensed molasses soluble(CMS), zinc(Zn), and boron(B) alone or in combination were used for irrigation. The data obtained from measuring various parameters of Rocket following foliar spraying with CMS, Zn, B or their combinations demonstrated that most treatments resulted in a significant increase in these parameters. The highest values for most measurements were observed when foliar application included all three components(CMS + Zn + B), resulting in a seed yield of 184.6 g/m2and an oil content of 675.3 kg/ha. Compared to the control group, the macronutrient content of N, P, K, Mg, and Ca increased by 34.4%, 56%, 42%, 45%, and 39% respectively in the seeds treated with these components.Furthermore, carbohydrates, proteins, phenolics flavonoids, and antioxidants showed increases of 24%, 34%,21%, 43%, and 28% respectively compared to the control group. Gas-liquid chromatography analysis identified ten components present in the seed oil characterized by higher unsaturated fatty acids ranging from 81.28% to92.28% and lower saturated fatty acids ranging from 6.72% to 8.21%. Therefore, foliar spray application including CMS, zinc, and boron can help alleviate salinity effects on Rocket plants grown under saline water irrigation conditions while improving growth, yield, oil production, and nutritional content such as total carbohydrates, proteins, and macronutrients levels.

Study on the chemical constituents and antitumor activity of galangal

Objective:The main chemical components of galangal(Alpinia officinarum Hance)are flavonoids and diarylheptanes.In the previous work,the total heptane and total flavonoid components of galangal were isolated.In this paper,the two components were separated.The monomeric compound was purified and its cytotoxic activity was determined.Methods:Silica gel column chromatography,ODS column chromatography,preparative thin layer chromatography,preparative and semi-preparative HPLC methods were used to separate and purify the total heptane components and total flavonoid components of galangal.Structures of compounds were identified by 1H-NMR,13C-NMR modern spectroscopic techniques combined with literature.The cytotoxic activity of the isolated compounds against MDA-MB-231(breast cancer),HepG-2(liver cancer)and MKN-45(gastric cancer)cells was tested by CCK-8 method.Results:Six compounds were isolated from the total heptane fractions of galangal,and three compounds were isolated from the total flavonoids of galangal.Their structures were identified as:5-hydroxy-7-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1-phenylheptan-3-one(1),(E)-7-(4-hydr-oxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1-phenylhept-4-en-3-one(2),5-hydroxy-1,7-diphenylheptan-3-one(3)7-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-methoxy-1-phenylheptan-3-one(4),(E)-7-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-phenylhept-4-en-3-one(5),(E)-1,7-diphenylhept-4-en-3-one(6),pinocembrin(7),galangin(8),3-O-methylgalangin(9).Conclusion:Compounds 1-6 were isolated from the total heptane components of galangal,and compounds 7-9 were isolated from the total flavonoids of galangal.The results of CCK-8 showed that compounds 2,3,5,6,7 and 8 had weak antitumor activity.

Research progress on effective chemical constituents of Sijunzi Decoction and mechanism of prevention and treatment of digestive system diseases

Sijunzi Decoction,as one of the classic Chinese traditional prescriptions,has been used clinically by major physicians since the Song Dynasty.This article reviewed and sorted out the literature on the effective chemistry of Sijunzi Decoction and the mechanism of its prevention and treatment of digestive system diseases.At present,its effective chemical components are derived from the saponins and flavonoids in ginseng and licorice,and are effective for gastrointestinal mucosal injury diseases and malignant digestive system.Digestive system diseases such as tumors,functional gastrointestinal diseases,non-alcoholic fatty liver,acute liver injury,and liver failure show a multi-path,multi-target effect mechanism.This article reviews the effective chemical components and research of Sijunzi Decoction and the related mechanisms of prevention and treatment of digestive system diseases,and provides valuable clues for the follow-up research of Sijunzi Decoction.

Chemical Constituents from Ethnic Medicine Laportea bulbifera

[Objectives]This study was conducted to study the chemical constituents from Laportea bulbifera. [Methods] The 60% ethanol extract from L. bulbifera was isolated and purified by silica, Sephadex LH-20, ODS, semi-preparative HPLC and recrystallization. Their chemical structures were elucidated by physicochemical properties and spectroscopic methods. [Results] These compounds were determined as kaempferol-3-O-α-L-(3-O-acetyl)-rhamnoside-7-O-α-L-rhamnoside(1), sutchuenoside A(2), kaempferol-3-O-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)]-α-L-(4-O-acetyl)-rhamnopyranoside-7-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside(3). Compounds 1-3 are isolated from genus Laportea for the first time. Compound 3 is a new compound. [Conclusions] This study lays a foundation for improving the quality standard of L. bulbifera and the development and utilization of its resources.

Study on Chemical Constituents from Phellodendron chinense

[Objectives]To isolate and identify chemical constituents from Phellodendron chinense.[Methods]Compounds were isolated by silica gel,Sephadex LH-20,and ODS column chromatography,and their structures were determined by means of the spectral analysis and physicochemical properties.[Results]Eleven compounds were isolated and identified as berberine(1),obaculactone(2),shihulimonin A(3),N-p-coumaroyltyramine(4),1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-[4-(3-hydroxy-propyl)-2-methoxyphenoxy]-propane-1,3-diol(5),phellodendrine(6),magnoflorine(7),palmatine(8),jatrorrhizine(9),columbamine(10),and obacunone(11).[Conclusions]Compounds 3 and 5 were isolated from Phellodendron for the first time,and compound 4 was isolated from this plant for the first time.

Research Progress on Chemical Constituents and Pharmacological Effects of Celosia L.

Celosia L. is richly distributed in China and there are about 60 species in the world. The chemical constituents of Celosia L. include flavonoids, triterpenoid saponins, steroids, organic acids, and cyclic peptides. Which have a variety of effects such as antimicrobial, hepatoprotective and antitumour. To provide a scientific foundation for the subsequent phase of research and development for Celosia L., 30 years of pertinent global literature is summarized, analyzed, and categorized. An overview of 75 chemical constituents, pharmacological activities, and clinical applications is provided.

Chemical constituents and pharmacological activities of Salvia miltiorrhiza

Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge(S.miltiorrhiza),a perennial plant of the genus Salvia,is widely used in traditional folklore medicine.Previous chemical research on this plant contains diterpenoid quinones,phenolic acids,polysaccharides and other compounds.The pharmacological investigation of S.miltiorrhiza has shown that it has various pharmacological activities,such as cardiovascular system protection,anti-inflammatory,anti-oxidant,anti-tumor,liver protection,and neuroprotection activities.This research tends to give an overview of the main chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of S.miltiorrhiza,aiming to reveal its potential value and provide reference for its further development.

The main chemical constituents from Piper amalago: A review of its phytochemistry

Piper amalago(P.amalago)is a traditional medicine in Brazil for the treatment of leishmanial.Owing to its rare occurrence and potent pharmacological activities,efforts have been devoted to the identification of its diverse constituents,especially terpenoids.Researchers have found that the major constituents of P.amalago were amides,monoterpenes,norisoprenoids,sesquiterpenes,aliphatic hydrocarbons and aromatic hydrocarbons.The amides show anxiolytic,anti-inflammatory,antileishmanial and antinociceptive activity.This review summarizes the research progress of the structural diversity and pharmacological activities of P.amalago.

Contributions of annual and semiannual tidal constituents to chart datum in the China seas and adjacent waters

Global uniform chart datum(CD)surface construction is the basic upon which to realize various vertical datums transformation,and is of great importance for geospatial data expression under the same vertical datum.Generally,the CD level is computed by developing the function between tidal constituents’harmonic constants and time,i.e.,the lowest astronomical tide is taken as the lowest predicted tide level by adopting the major constituents over a 19-a period.The CD surface prescribed in China is the theoretical lowest tide(TLT)and is calculated using 13 tidal constituents,i.e.,short-period(Q_(1),O_(1),P_(1),K_(1),N_(2),M_(2),S_(2),K_(2),M_(4),MS_(4)and M_(6))and long-period(Sa and Ssa)tidal constituents.Although the accuracy in determining short-period tidal constituents has improved gradually,the long-period tide has not been studied thoroughly owing to nonstationary and temporal variations.Previous studies have intended to evaluate the effect of Sa and Ssa tides in the determination of the TLT level for the purpose of determining a more accurate CD surface for the China seas and adjacent waters.Here,the parameters of long-period tidal correction and long-period tidal correction rate were treated as the effect of both Sa and Ssa on the TLT,and the TOPEX/Poseidon and Jason series satellite altimetry data ranged from October 1992 to April 2022 were adopted to analyze the contribution of long-period tidal constituents.Results showed that the average long-period correction value is 10.10 cm(range from 8.57 cm to 14.98 cm),and that the average long-period tidal contribution rate is 14.56%(range from 9.09%to 23.97%)in the China seas and adjacent waters.Finally,data from 82 tide gauge station with at least a 1-a record of hourly observations were compared with satellite-derived result.We concluded that the long-period tidal contribution should not be neglected in TLT construction.Furthermore,to reduce tidal datum uncertainty,accurate extraction of long-period tidal constituents should receive closer attentions.

Chemical constituents from the leaves of Cerbera manghas

Objective:To study the chemical constituents in leaves of Cebera manghas.Methods:Chemical constituents were isolated by using various column chromatography and tho structures were elucidated on basis of physicochemical constants and spectral data analysis.Results:Nine compounds were obtained including p-hydroxybenzaldehyde(1),benzamide(2),n-hexadecane acid monoglyceride(3),loliolide(4),β-sitosterol(5),cerberin(6),neriifolin(7),cerleaside A(8), daucosterol(9).Conclusions:Compounds 1-4 are obtained from this genus for the first time.

Chemical constituents,biological functions and pharmacological effects for comprehensive utilization of Eucommia ulmoides Oliver

Eucommia ulmoides Oliver is a native plant and valuable tonic Chinese medicine in China with a long history,great economic value and comprehensive development potential.Traditionally,the comprehensive utilization rate of E.ulmoides Oliv.is still very low,only bark has been used as medicine and other parts of Eucommia ulmoides Oliv.cannot be fully utilized,even the leaves have been well utilized in food products in Japan in the past decades.In order to improve the comprehensive utilization efficiency of E.ulmoides Oliv.,in this review,we summarized the varieties and contents of main active compounds,biological functions and pharmacological effects in different parts of E.ulmoides Oliv.The findings suggest that other parts of E.ulmoides Oliv.could replace the bark of E.ulmoides Oliv.to some extent besides of their respective applications.The unique and extensive physiological functions between different parts of E.ulmoides Oliv.indicate that the comprehensive utilization of E.ulmoides Oliv.has a wide space to develop,which is also an effective way to protect E.ulmoides Oliv.resources and improve its the utilization rate.

Phyto-phospholipid complexes(phytosomes): A novel strategy to improve the bioavailability of active constituents

Although active constituents extracted from plants show robust in vitro pharmacological effects, low in vivo absorption greatly limits the widespread application of these compounds. A strategy of using phyto-phospholipid complexes represents a promising approach to increase the oral bioavailability of active constituents, which is consist of ‘‘label-friendly'phospholipids and active constituents. Hydrogen bond interactions between active constituents and phospholipids enable phospholipid complexes as an integral part. This review provides an update on four important issues related to phyto-phospholipid complexes: active constituents, phospholipids, solvents, and stoichiometric ratios. We also discuss recent progress in research on the preparation, characterization, structural verification, and increased bioavailability of phyto-phospholipid complexes.

Phenolic Constituents with Antioxidative,Tyrosinase Inhibitory and Anti‑aging Activities from Dendrobium loddigesii Rolfe

Aqueous ethanol extracts of powdered stems of Dendrobium loddigesii afforded three new phenolics including threo-7-Oethyl-9-O-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propionyl-guaiacylglycerol(1),(R)-4,5,4ʹ-trihydroxy-3,3ʹ,α-trimethoxybibenzyl(2)and(S)-5,5′,7-trihydroxy-3′,4′-dimethoxyflavanone(3),together with eleven known analogues.Their structures were determined by extensive spectroscopic analysis.To identify natural antioxidants,whitening,and anti-aging agents,the abilities of these phenolics were assessed to scavenge the 1,2-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH)radical,their abilities to inhibit tyrosinase production,and their abilities to stimulate collagen production by human dermal fibroblasts-adult(HDFa)assay.It was found that compounds 1,4-8,13 and 14 exhibited significant DPPH radical scavenging activities,compound 10 exhibited tyrosinase inhibitory activity(IC_(50)37.904μg/mL),and compound 9 showed significant collagen production with an EC_(50)value of 3.182μg/mL.These results suggest that phenolic constituents from D.loddigesii may be candidate antioxidants,skin-whitening and/or anti-aging agents.

Simultaneous determination of 35 constituents and elucidation of effective constituents in a multi-herb Chinese medicine formula Xiaoer-Feire-Kechuan

Xiaoer-Feire-Kechuan(XFK) is an 11-herb Chinese medicine formula to treat cough and pulmonary inflammation.The complicated composition rendered its chemical analysis and effective-component elucidation.In this study,we combined quantitative analysis and bioactivity test to reveal the antiinflammatory constituents of XFK.First,UPLC-DAD and UHPLC/Q-Orbitrap-MS methods were established and validated to quantify 35 analytes(covering 9 out of 11 herbs) in different XFK formulations.Parallel reaction monitoring mode built in Q-Orbitrap-MS was used to improve the sensitivity and selectivity.Then,anti-inflammatory activities of the 35 analytes were analyzed using in vitro COX-2 inhibition assay.Finally,major analytes forsythosides H,I,A(8-10),and baicalin(15)(total contents varied from 21.79 to 91.20 mg/dose in different formulations) with significant activities(inhibitory rate ≥ 80%) were proposed as the anti-inflammatory constituents of XFK.The present study provided an effective strategy to discover effective constituents of multi-herb formulas.

Distribution of 9 Principal Tidal Constituents and Tide Prediction for the East China Sea

By use of the hydrodynamic model,the harmonic constants of 8 principal tidal constituents(Q_1,O_1,P_1,K_1,N_2,M_2,S_2andK_2)are obtained for the East China Sea,and the harmonic constant ofS_a is calculated by two-dimensional interpolation.The calculated results agree well with the observed dataaround the sea.The harmonic constants can be used to predict the tide in the East China Sea.The cotidalcharts of the 9 tidal constituents reveal their distribution.

A recent review on phytochemical constituents and medicinal properties of kesum(Polygonum minus Huds.)

Medicinal plants and herbal preparations are gaining renowned interest in scientific communities nowadays due to their reliable pharmacological actions and affordability to common people which makes them effective in control of various diseases.Polygonum minus(Polygonaceae)locally known as kesuni is an aromatic plant commonly used in Malay delicacies.The plant is having potential applications due to its high volatile oil constituents in perfumes and powerful antioxidant activity.It has been used traditionally to treat various ailments including dandruff.The research has been carried out by various researchers using different in vitro and in vivo models for biological evaluations to support these claims.This review paper may help upcoming research activities on Polygonum minus by giving up to date information on the phytochemical constituents and medicinal properties of kesum to a possible extent with relevant data.

A critical review on chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of Lilium

Genus Lilium is famous for edible and medicinal function which is related to its chemical constituents and pharmacological effects.Chemical researches showed that genus Lilium genus mainly contains steroidal saponins,polysaccharides,alkaloids and flavonoids.Pharmacological effects of Lilium include anti-tumor,hypoglycemic,antibacterial,anti-oxidation,anti-depression and anti-inflammatory.This paper summarized chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of Lilium.

Phytochemical constituents,analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of methanol extract of Triumfetta rhomboidea leaves in animal models

Objective:To investigate the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of the methanolic extract of the leaves of Triumfetta rhomboidea on mice and rats respectively.And to screen the phytochemical constituent of the extract. Methods:The analgesic effect was determined by acetic acid-induced writhing test in mice.While the anti-inflammatory activity was determined by egg albumin-induced oedema of the rat paw.Phytochemical screening was done by standard procedures.Results:Triumfetta rhomboidea leaf extract(50 -400 mg/kg) caused a statistically significant inhibition on the egg albumin-induced eodema or inflammation in Wister albino rats with P【0.001(ANOVA).This effect was higher than the observed effect with Piroxicam(0.5 mg/kg) which was used as a standard.The effect was also dose-dependent.Furthermore,Triumfetta rhomboidea extract caused a statistically significant reduction in the number of acetic acid-induced writhing in mice,with P【0.001(ANOVA).These effects were also does-dependent and greater than the analgesic effects by paracetamol which was used as a reference drug.Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of flavonoids,steroids, triterpenoids alkaloids,tannins and saponins in Truimfetta rhomboidea leaf extract.Conclusion:Triumfetta rhomboidea can be recommended for acute inflammatory disorders and diseases associated with pains.This also supports its traditional use as an anti-snake bite and anti-cancer or anti-tumor agent.Further study is on the way to find out the mechanism of its action and also to isolate,identify and characterize the active principle responsible for these effects in this plant.