风光水打捆经电网换相换流器高压直流输电(line commutated converter based high voltage direct current,LCC-HVDC)外送系统中,风光水配比不同会影响系统的功率传输能力。文章首先建立风光水打捆直流外送系统的稳态数学模型和状态空...风光水打捆经电网换相换流器高压直流输电(line commutated converter based high voltage direct current,LCC-HVDC)外送系统中,风光水配比不同会影响系统的功率传输能力。文章首先建立风光水打捆直流外送系统的稳态数学模型和状态空间模型,然后提出综合考虑稳态运行约束条件和小信号稳定性约束条件的系统功率传输能力计算方法及流程,掌握不同功率水平下系统稳定运行区域及边界的变化特征,最终得到不同水电出力下的直流外送系统功率传输范围、特定传输功率下所允许的水电出力最小值、风光配比与小信号稳定性的定量关系。通过该方法定量评估风光水配比不同时直流外送系统的功率传输能力,从而优化选取风光水配比。结果表明,水电出力较小时,系统传输功率上限受小信号稳定性制约,下限受电压偏移约束制约;水电出力较大时,系统传输功率上限受LCC-HVDC安全运行约束制约,下限受逆变侧电压偏移、系统潮流约束制约;在功率运行点不变时,风光配比平衡工况系统更加稳定。最后,通过PSCAD/EMTDC下的电磁暂态仿真,验证上述功率传输能力理论计算的正确性。展开更多
Key components of large structures in aeronautics industry are required to be made light and have long enough fatigue lives.It is of vital importance to estimate the fatigue life of these structures accurately.Since t...Key components of large structures in aeronautics industry are required to be made light and have long enough fatigue lives.It is of vital importance to estimate the fatigue life of these structures accurately.Since the FCG process is affected by various factors,no universal model exists due to the complexity of the mechanisms.Most of the existing models are obtained by fitting the experimental data and could hardly describe the integrative effect of most existing factors simultaneously.In order to account for the integrative effect of specimen parameters,material property and loading conditions on FCG process,a new model named integrative influence factor model（IIF） is proposed based on the plasticity-induced crack closure theory.Accordingly to the predictions of crack opening ratio（γ） and effective stress intensity factor range ratio（U） with different material under various loading conditions,predictions of γ and U by the IIF model are completely identical to the theoretical results from the plane stress state to the plane strain state when Poisson＇s ratio equals 1/3.When Poisson＇s ratio equals 0.3,predictions of γ and U by the IIF model are larger than the predictions by the existing model,and more close to the theoretical results.In addition,it describes the influence of R ratios on γ and U effectively in the whole region from-1.0 to 1.0.Moreover,several sets of test data of FCG rates in 5 kinds of aluminum alloys with various specimen thicknesses under different loading conditions are used to validate the IIF model,most of the test data are situated on the predicted curves or between the two curves that represent the specimen with different thicknesses under the same stress ratio.Some of the test data slightly departure from the predictions by the IIF model due to the surface roughness and errors in measurement.Besides,based on the analysis of the physical rule of crack opening ratios,a relative thickness of specimen is defined to describe the influence of material property,specimen thickness and so forth on FCG characteristics conveniently.In conclusion,the relative thickness of specimen simplifies the expression of FCG characteristic and provides a general parameter to analyze the fatigue characteristics of different materials with various thicknesses under different loading conditions.The IIF model describes the integrative effect of existing influence factors explicitly and quantitatively,and provides a helpful tool for fatigue property estimation of practical component and experiment design.展开更多
Network virtualization is known as a promising technology to tackle the ossification of current Internet and will play an important role in the future network area. Virtual network embedding(VNE) is a key issue in net...Network virtualization is known as a promising technology to tackle the ossification of current Internet and will play an important role in the future network area. Virtual network embedding(VNE) is a key issue in network virtualization. VNE is NP-hard and former VNE algorithms are mostly heuristic in the literature.VNE exact algorithms have been developed in recent years. However, the constraints of exact VNE are only node capacity and link bandwidth.Based on these, this paper presents an exact VNE algorithm, ILP-LC, which is based on Integer Linear Programming(ILP), for embedding virtual network request with location constraints. This novel algorithm is aiming at mapping virtual network request(VNR) successfully as many as possible and consuming less substrate resources.The topology of each VNR is randomly generated by Waxman model. Simulation results show that the proposed ILP-LC algorithm outperforms the typical heuristic algorithms in terms of the VNR acceptance ratio, at least 15%.展开更多
The existing research on dynamics and slip ratio of wheeled mobile robot （WMR） are derived without considering the effect of height, and the existing models can not be used to analyze the dynamics performance of the...The existing research on dynamics and slip ratio of wheeled mobile robot （WMR） are derived without considering the effect of height, and the existing models can not be used to analyze the dynamics performance of the robot with variable height while moving such as NOROS- Ⅱ. The existing method of dynamics modeling is improved by adding the constraint equation between perpendicular displacement of body and horizontal displacement of wheel into the constraint conditions. The dynamic model of NOROS- Ⅱ in wheel motion is built by the Lagrange method under nonholonomic constraints. The inverse dynamics is calculated in three different paths based on this model, and the results demonstrate that torques of hip pitching joints are inversely proportional to the height of robot. The relative error of calculated torques is less than 2% compared with that of ADAMS simulation, by which the validity of dynamic model is verified, Moreover, the relative horizontal motion between fore/hind wheels and body is produced when the height is changed, and thus the accurate slip ratio can not be obtained by the traditional equation. The improved slip ratio equations with the parameter of the vertical velocity of body are introduced for fore wheels and hind wheels respectively. Numerical simulations of slip ratios are conducted to reveal the effect of varied height on slip ratios of different wheels. The result shows that the slip ratios of fore/hind wheels become larger/smaller respectively as the height increases, and as the height is reduced, the reverse applies. The proposed research of dynamic model and slip ratio based on the robot height provides the effective method to analyze the dynamics of WMRs with varying height.展开更多
Plane strain elastic-plastic finite element analyses are used tostudy the stress, strain fields around a straight crack in powerhardening plastic material. Center crack panel (CCP), single edgecrack panel (SECP) and d...Plane strain elastic-plastic finite element analyses are used tostudy the stress, strain fields around a straight crack in powerhardening plastic material. Center crack panel (CCP), single edgecrack panel (SECP) and double edge crack panel (DECP) tensionspecimens are analyzed with various crack lengths. Two localconstraint parameters, i.e. in-plane stress ratio T_x andout-of-plane constraint T_z are an- alyzed, which are defined astangential stress dividing normal (open) stress and out-of-planestress dividing the sum of tangential stress and normal stressrespectively.展开更多
文摘风光水打捆经电网换相换流器高压直流输电(line commutated converter based high voltage direct current,LCC-HVDC)外送系统中,风光水配比不同会影响系统的功率传输能力。文章首先建立风光水打捆直流外送系统的稳态数学模型和状态空间模型,然后提出综合考虑稳态运行约束条件和小信号稳定性约束条件的系统功率传输能力计算方法及流程,掌握不同功率水平下系统稳定运行区域及边界的变化特征,最终得到不同水电出力下的直流外送系统功率传输范围、特定传输功率下所允许的水电出力最小值、风光配比与小信号稳定性的定量关系。通过该方法定量评估风光水配比不同时直流外送系统的功率传输能力,从而优化选取风光水配比。结果表明,水电出力较小时,系统传输功率上限受小信号稳定性制约,下限受电压偏移约束制约;水电出力较大时,系统传输功率上限受LCC-HVDC安全运行约束制约,下限受逆变侧电压偏移、系统潮流约束制约;在功率运行点不变时,风光配比平衡工况系统更加稳定。最后,通过PSCAD/EMTDC下的电磁暂态仿真,验证上述功率传输能力理论计算的正确性。
基金supported by Military Pre-study Project of General Armament Department of China (Grant No. YG060101C)
文摘Key components of large structures in aeronautics industry are required to be made light and have long enough fatigue lives.It is of vital importance to estimate the fatigue life of these structures accurately.Since the FCG process is affected by various factors,no universal model exists due to the complexity of the mechanisms.Most of the existing models are obtained by fitting the experimental data and could hardly describe the integrative effect of most existing factors simultaneously.In order to account for the integrative effect of specimen parameters,material property and loading conditions on FCG process,a new model named integrative influence factor model（IIF） is proposed based on the plasticity-induced crack closure theory.Accordingly to the predictions of crack opening ratio（γ） and effective stress intensity factor range ratio（U） with different material under various loading conditions,predictions of γ and U by the IIF model are completely identical to the theoretical results from the plane stress state to the plane strain state when Poisson＇s ratio equals 1/3.When Poisson＇s ratio equals 0.3,predictions of γ and U by the IIF model are larger than the predictions by the existing model,and more close to the theoretical results.In addition,it describes the influence of R ratios on γ and U effectively in the whole region from-1.0 to 1.0.Moreover,several sets of test data of FCG rates in 5 kinds of aluminum alloys with various specimen thicknesses under different loading conditions are used to validate the IIF model,most of the test data are situated on the predicted curves or between the two curves that represent the specimen with different thicknesses under the same stress ratio.Some of the test data slightly departure from the predictions by the IIF model due to the surface roughness and errors in measurement.Besides,based on the analysis of the physical rule of crack opening ratios,a relative thickness of specimen is defined to describe the influence of material property,specimen thickness and so forth on FCG characteristics conveniently.In conclusion,the relative thickness of specimen simplifies the expression of FCG characteristic and provides a general parameter to analyze the fatigue characteristics of different materials with various thicknesses under different loading conditions.The IIF model describes the integrative effect of existing influence factors explicitly and quantitatively,and provides a helpful tool for fatigue property estimation of practical component and experiment design.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program)under Grant 2013CB329005
文摘Network virtualization is known as a promising technology to tackle the ossification of current Internet and will play an important role in the future network area. Virtual network embedding(VNE) is a key issue in network virtualization. VNE is NP-hard and former VNE algorithms are mostly heuristic in the literature.VNE exact algorithms have been developed in recent years. However, the constraints of exact VNE are only node capacity and link bandwidth.Based on these, this paper presents an exact VNE algorithm, ILP-LC, which is based on Integer Linear Programming(ILP), for embedding virtual network request with location constraints. This novel algorithm is aiming at mapping virtual network request(VNR) successfully as many as possible and consuming less substrate resources.The topology of each VNR is randomly generated by Waxman model. Simulation results show that the proposed ILP-LC algorithm outperforms the typical heuristic algorithms in terms of the VNR acceptance ratio, at least 15%.
基金supported by National Outstanding Youth Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51125020)National Hi-tech Research and Development Program of China (863 Program, Grant No. 2006AA04Z207)Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University, China
文摘The existing research on dynamics and slip ratio of wheeled mobile robot （WMR） are derived without considering the effect of height, and the existing models can not be used to analyze the dynamics performance of the robot with variable height while moving such as NOROS- Ⅱ. The existing method of dynamics modeling is improved by adding the constraint equation between perpendicular displacement of body and horizontal displacement of wheel into the constraint conditions. The dynamic model of NOROS- Ⅱ in wheel motion is built by the Lagrange method under nonholonomic constraints. The inverse dynamics is calculated in three different paths based on this model, and the results demonstrate that torques of hip pitching joints are inversely proportional to the height of robot. The relative error of calculated torques is less than 2% compared with that of ADAMS simulation, by which the validity of dynamic model is verified, Moreover, the relative horizontal motion between fore/hind wheels and body is produced when the height is changed, and thus the accurate slip ratio can not be obtained by the traditional equation. The improved slip ratio equations with the parameter of the vertical velocity of body are introduced for fore wheels and hind wheels respectively. Numerical simulations of slip ratios are conducted to reveal the effect of varied height on slip ratios of different wheels. The result shows that the slip ratios of fore/hind wheels become larger/smaller respectively as the height increases, and as the height is reduced, the reverse applies. The proposed research of dynamic model and slip ratio based on the robot height provides the effective method to analyze the dynamics of WMRs with varying height.
基金the National Foundation of Distinguished Young Scientists of China(No.59625510)
文摘Plane strain elastic-plastic finite element analyses are used tostudy the stress, strain fields around a straight crack in powerhardening plastic material. Center crack panel (CCP), single edgecrack panel (SECP) and double edge crack panel (DECP) tensionspecimens are analyzed with various crack lengths. Two localconstraint parameters, i.e. in-plane stress ratio T_x andout-of-plane constraint T_z are an- alyzed, which are defined astangential stress dividing normal (open) stress and out-of-planestress dividing the sum of tangential stress and normal stressrespectively.
